• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.51-59
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• 2004

This paper proposes an improved six-color separation reducing the graininess in a middle tone region based on the standard deviation of the lightness and chrominance in S-CIELAB space. Graininess is regarded as visual perception for the fluctuation of the lightness of the light cyan and cyan or light magenta and magenta. In the conventional methods, the granularity is extremely heuristic and inaccurate due to the use of the visual examination score. Accordingly, this paper proposes a method to calculate the objective granularity for six color separation. First, we use the lightness, redness-greenness, and yellowness-blueness of the S-CIELAB space reflecting the spatial-color sensitivity of the human and normalize the sum of the three standard deviations. Finally, we apply the proposed granularity to the six color separation after assigning the granularity to the lookup table and obtain the result reducing the graininess in a middle tone region.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.381-385
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• 2011

The degree of maturity of rice greatly affects the quality of the rice, including factors such as the integrity of grains, color, and the nutritive components. Green Rice$^{(R)}$ is rice (Oryza sativa L.) that has been harvested earlier than brown rice and appears green in color. To determine suitable harvesting time of the Jinbu variety of Green Rice$^{(R)}$ in Gyeonggido, rice samples harvested on 23, 26 and 42 days after heading (DAH) were compared on their yield, color intensity, and proximate compositions. The maximum paddy yield of Green Rice$^{(R)}$ was 61.4% at 23 DAH, which decreased to 45.4%, 5.5% at 26 and 42 DAH, respectively. Greenness was darker at 23 DAH ($-0.27{\pm}0.03$), and significantly weaker (p<0.05) at 26 DAH ($0.07{\pm}0.01$) and at 42 DAH ($5.25{\pm}0.08$). All proximate compositions, except carbohydrate, including moisture, crude fat, protein, ash and total minerals were higher in the earlier-harvested Green rice$^{(R)}$ than in brown rice, without variations among the 23 and 26 DAH Green rice$^{(R)}$. Overall, the optimum harvest time of Jinbu Green Rice$^{(R)}$ at Gyeonggido would be 23 DAH. We suggest that timely harvesting could be a potent determinant of the quality of Green Rice$^{(R)}$.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.849-855
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• 2008

DPPH radical scavenging activities were 66.80% by hot water extract and 41.86% by 80% methanol extract. Inhibitions of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) were 91.09% by hot water extract and 75.20% by 80% methanol extract. In this study, Sulgidduk samples were prepared with 1, 3, 5, and 7% concentrated sweet pumpkin powder (CSPP), and a control were examined for quality characteristics such as moisture content, water activity, color, textural characteristics, and sensory qualities, in order to determine the optimal ratio of CSPP in the formulation. The samples containing CSPP exhibited significantly higher moisture content than the control group. Water activity was not significantly different among the Sulgidduk samples. For the color, the control group presented significantly higher lightness as compared to the samples containing CSPP. The samples containing 1 and 3% CSPP had significantly higher greenness than the samples containing 5 and 7% CSPP. Yellowness increased as the level of CSPP content increased. In terms of textural characteristics, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness were highest at the 1% substitution level, while lowest at the 3% level. The CSPP samples presented significantly higher adhesiveness, springiness, and cohesiveness than the control group. In the consumer acceptance and characteristic intensity rating test, the control group showed significantly higher color and flavor as compared to the CSPP samples. Pumpkin flavor, delicious taste, and off-flavor increased with increasing amounts of CSPP. Softness, overall acceptability, and gumminess were not significantly different among the various samples tested. Sweetness was highest at the 5% substitution level, while lowest at the 1% level. In conclusion, the results indicate that substituting $3{\sim}5%$ CSPP to Sulgidduk is optimal, providing good DPPH radical scavenging activity and inhibition of ACE as well as reasonably high overall acceptability.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.405-414
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• 1995

An algorithm for monitoring geomorphological change using remote sensing data is investigated and tested using two LANDSAT TM data sets acquired over the Kyunggi Bay on April 15 1986 and September 22 1992, respectively. The algorithm exploits change vector analysis and tasseled cap transform. Although change vector analysis is effective for change detection, efficiency is decreased as the number of variables are increased. In this algorithm, we overcome the problem by utilizing the tasseled cap transform which can reduce six bands of LANDSAT TM data into only two components called Brightness and Greenness. The test results demonstrate that the algorithm is very effective in monitoring small-scaled changes over coastal area as well as significant changes in geomorphology. The resulting change vector image, however, is more sensitive to the changes occurred by human activities than by pure geological processes mainly because of relatively short time interval between two LANDSAT TM data sets.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 1994

Experiments were conducted in the research field of the former Wheat and Barley Research with three barley cultivars, Olbori, kangbori and Suwon 18, which show different growth characteristics. Relationships between the degree of grain filling and the functions of photosynthetic organs in grain growth post-anthesis were investigated by removal treatment of awns and leaves, Stems and leaf sheath contributed to final grain weight invariably with cultivars by 79.2∼81.4%. while the contribution rate of awns and leaf blades varied by different cultivars, Awns contributed by 11.6∼13.8% in 'Olbori' and 'Kangbori', and 5.4% in 'Suwon 18', Contribution of leaf blades was 15.4% for 'Suwon 18', and 4.8∼8.1% for other cultivars, Of leaf blades upper ones showed a higher contribution rate, Early-maturing cultivars which maintain leaf greenness to the late phase of grain growth or awned cultivars were considered advantageous in grain filling.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.405-412
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• 2015

To develop a color stable and fine bamboo leaf powder (BLP) as a functional green biomaterial, bamboo leaf (BL) purchased from Sasa borealis and cultivated in Damyang, Jeonnam was treated with different conditions and BLP was evaluated. The four treatments comprised of boiling in water, in zinc chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and vinegar solutions, BLP4 was treated with 2% $ZnCl_2$ for 1 h, BLP5 was treated with 1% $ZnCl_2$ for 2 h, and BLP6 was treated with 1% $ZnCl_2+10%$ NaCl for 1 h. The particle size distribution, ash content, water binding capacity, and color change after heating in acidic solution were compared to commercial fine green tea (GTP) and bamboo leaf powders (CBLP). The particle size (cumulative 90%) of BLP was finest in BLP4 followed by BLP6 < BLP5 < GTP < CBLP. The water binding capacity of GTP was the highest and that of BLP was negatively correlated with particle size. After heating in acidic solution, the color of commercial GTP and CBLP changed from bright green to olive green, but the treated BLPs remained bright green. Especially, the -a (greenness) values for the commercial powders decreased from 11.2-13.6 to 3.1-3.8, while those of the treated BLPs did not change.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.339-351
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• 2011

This study investigates the potentials of satellite, ground measurement data, and geo-spatial information within an urban area for the mapping of the Urban Environmental Quality (UEQ) parameters. The UEQ indicates a complex and various parameters resulting from both human and natural factors, which are greenness, climate, air pollution, the urban infrastructure, and etc. Multi-spectral remote sensing data from the Landsat ETM and TM sensors for the mapping of air pollution by the Haze Optimized Transform (HOT) technique, Urban Heat Island (UHO using the emissivity-fusion method in Seoul from 2000 to 2006 in fine resolution (30m) were analyzed for the estimation of UEQ index. Although the UHI values are similar ($8.4^{\circ}C{\sim}9.1^{\circ}C$) during these years, the spatial coverage of "hot" surface temperature (> $24^{\circ}C$) significantly increased from 2000 to 2006 due to the rapid urban development. Furthermore, high correlations between vegetation index and land surface temperature were achieved with a correlation coefficients of 0.85 (2000), 0.81 (2001), 0.84 (2002), and 0.89 (2006), respectively. It was found that the proposed method was successfully analyzed spatial structure of the UEQ and the scenarios of the best and worst areas within the city were also identified. Based on the quantifiable fine resolution satellite image parameters, UEQ can promote the understanding of the complex and dynamic factors controlling urban environment.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2014

The vegetation composition for river restoration requires the introduction of plants which have strong flooding tolerance. A study of the growth characteristics of river plants according to the period of flooding is essential. Accordingly, this study measured shoots, leaf number, leaf greenness, dry weight of the plants of Salix species, analyzed their growth rate according to flooding tolerance and the period of flooding, and contrasted the results with those of a flooding experiment in turbid water. The results of this experiment showed that Koreensis is the plant which has the strongest flooding tolerance and flooding in fresh water leads to a much lower risk of the plants being withered than in high turbid water. In addition, the results showed that the condition of the period of flooding of twenty days and under contributes to more growth and development of the plants of Salix species than the condition of non-flooding.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 1998

Direct-seeding has major advantages such as labor and cost saving by eliminating preparation of seed bed and transplanting. But, it required increased input of fertilizers and pesticides because of the extended paddy period. Direct seeding in wet paddy (DSWP) gives faster growth and more uniform seedling emergence than direct-seeding in dry paddy. This research had an objective to develop an efficient N management practices for DSWP with split application of N fertilizer. A paddy field experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of starter N and N-topdressing which was delayed N application until 5-leaf stage, with comparison to transplanting (TP). Total amount of N application were two levels; 110kg and 77kg/ha. The N applications were split four times during rice growth stages; starter, topdressing at 5-leaf stage, top dressing at tillering stage, and topdressing at panicle initiation stage. DSWP had more tillers/$m^2$ than TP, but with the delayed heading. The DSWP plots which received N-topdressing at 5-leaf stage without starter N had higher leaf area index (LAI) and leaf greenness than the TP plot. Also, these DSWP plots had high leaf-N concentration at the heading stage, as calculated from leaf chlorophyll meter readings. Rice yield in DSWP with N-topdressing at 5-leaf stage was significantly higher than that in TP and in DSWP with starter N. Energy and N use efficiency were improved in DSWP with N-topdressing at 5-leaf stage. But, there were no significant differences in grain yield between the two levels of total amounts of N applications, 77kg and 110kg/ha. We concluded that starter N could not be used effectively by rice seedlings, but topdressing N at 5-leaf stage was an efficient N management for rice growth and yield in DSWP system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.1 s.73
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• pp.133-140
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• 2006

According to Tokyo protocol which suggests the prevention of global environmental pollution, Korean government establishes the standard of architectural materials emission consistency with best effort to decrease the environmental pollution. But many current architectural materials which are used for constructing and remodeling buildings are composed of a variety of chemicals. These include stimuli bad for the residents' health and safety and harmful discharged air polluting substances such as volatile organic compounds(TVOCs) and formaldehyde(HCHO) that in tern include a variety of carcinogen substances. These discharged substances are also researched into inducing 'sick building syndrome' which induces headache, dizziness, vomiting and concentration failure among residents. But the standard of architectural materials according to the Korean apartment provision is limited to emission factors: HCHO and TVOCs. So the aim of this study is to present a standard of functional material's emission consistency about TVOCs including glues and paints, and a certification grade for green building by instituting a materials standard for green building which has consideration for the residents' safety.