• 자원환경지질
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 1998

Gravity, magnetic and VLF surveys were carried out to investigate the dimension, nature and stability of the waste materials filled in the Seokdae landfill, Pusan. The Seokdae landfill, which is located in a former valley, was used as a dump for mainly domestic-type waste materials for 6 years from 1987. The landfill site is classfied into A, B, C and D areas according to the sequence of dumping period. The Bouguer gravity anomaly map shows maximum variation of 3.1 mgals on the landfill and its general appearance has close relation with the thickness of waste filled. The local variation of anomaly, however, reflect the degree of compactness of waste materials which may be affected by the nature of waste and dumping time. In the case of area A, where dumping process was terminated at the very last stage, most part show negative anomaly compared to other areas. We think that the composition of the waste materials in the area A is high in leftover food and paper trash and they are still in uncompacted condition. In area B, the general trend of variation of gravity anomaly is appeared to be high anomaly in northern part and decrease to the southern part. This is well matched with the prelandfill topography of the landfill site. The southern part of area B is located in the center of valley and its present surface is comparatively rugged, which may be due to the differential settlement of deep burried waste. The thickness of waste in area C is relatively thin, but the gravity anomaly appears to be low. Considering the present condition of surface, it can be inferred that low density wastes such as leftover food were mainly filled in this area. Area D, as in the case of area B, shows gravity anomaly that has close relation with the prelandfill topography. Magnetic data show the variation of total field intensity varies in the range of 46600~51000 nT, and reach maximum anomaly of 4400 nT. The overall pattern of magnetic anomaly well reflects the distribution of magnetic materials in the landfill. The result of VLF survey reveals several low resistivity zones, which may serve as underground passages for contaminant flow, in the area C located near the small Village.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.365-389
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• 2023

Dynamic analysis of a typical concrete gravity dam-reservoir system is formulated by FE-(FE-TE) approach (i.e., Finite Element-(Finite Element-Truncation Element)). In this technique, dam and reservoir are discretized by plane solid and fluid finite elements. Moreover, the H-W (i.e., Hagstrom-Warburton) high-order condition imposed at the reservoir truncation boundary. This task is formulated by employing a truncation element at that boundary. It is emphasized that reservoir far-field is excluded from the discretized model. The formulation is initially reviewed which was originally proposed in a previous study. Thereafter, the response of Pine Flat dam-reservoir system is studied due to horizontal and vertical ground motions for two types of reservoir bottom conditions of full reflective and absorptive. It should be emphasized that study is carried out under high order of H-W condition applied on the truncation boundary. The initial part of study is focused on the time harmonic analysis. In this part, it is possible to compare the transfer functions against corresponding responses obtained by FE-(FE-HE) approach (referred to as exact method). Subsequently, the transient analysis is carried out. In that part, it is only possible to compare the results for low and high normalized reservoir length cases. Therefore, the sensitivity of results is controlled due to normalized reservoir length values.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2022

We have been developing a magnetic separation device that can be used in low magnetic fields for paramagnetic materials. Magnetic separation of paramagnetic particles with a small particle size is desired for volume reduction of contaminated soil in Fukushima or separation of iron scale from water supply system in power plants. However, the implementation of the system has been difficult due to the needed magnetic fields is high for paramagnetic materials. This is because there was a problem in installing such a magnet in the site. Therefore, we have developed a magnetic separation system that combines a selection tube and magnetic separation that can separate small sized paramagnetic particles in a low magnetic field. The selection tube is a technique for classifying the suspended particles by utilizing the phenomenon that the suspended particles come to rest when the gravity acting on the particles and the drag force are balanced when the suspension is flowed upward. In the balanced condition, they can be captured with even small magnetic forces. In this study, we calculated the particle size of paramagnetic particles trapped in a selection tube in a high gradient magnetic field. As a result, the combination of the selection tube and HGMS (High Gradient Magnetic Separation-system) can separate small sized paramagnetic particles under low magnetic field with high efficiency, and this paper shows its potential application.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.135-148
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• 1997

옹벽에 작용하는 토압을 구하기 위하여 Coulomb이론이 실무에 대부분 사용되고 있지만, 전수평토압의 작용위치를 구할 수 없으므로 토압분포를 삼각형 분포라고 가정하고 있다. 그러나, 수 많은 실내 및 현장실험을 통하여 토압분포가 그렇지 않다는 것으로 규명되었다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위한 이론적인 접근이 Handy(1985), Kingsley(1989), Kellogg(1993), 정성교(1993, 1996a) 등에 의하여 비 점성토로 뒤채움된 옹벽에 대하여 수행되었다. 점성토로 뒤채움된 옹벽에 대한 기존의 이론적 접근은 단지 Rankine또는 Coulomb 이론에 근거하여 주로 수행되었지만, 그 이론들은 제각기 다른 결과를 보여주었다. 여기서는 점성토로 뒤채움된 중력식옹벽에 작용하는 수평토압을 위한 이론적 접근이 비배수 조건하에서 수행되었다. 이 접근은 Coulomb의 가정에 바탕을 두고 아칭개념을도입하였으며, 인장균열을 무시한 경우와 고려한 경우에 대하여 각각 이론식이 유도되었다. 그리고, 몇가지 조건에 대한 비교결과에서 인장균열을 고려한 토압이론식의 적용이 합리적일 것으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.66-70
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• 2012

Welding is an essential process in the automotive industry. Most welding processes that are used for auto body is spot welding. And $CO_2$ arc welding is used in a small part. In production field, $CO_2$ arc welding process is decreased and spot welding process is increased due to welding quality is poor and defects are occurred in $CO_2$ arc welding process frequently. But $CO_2$ arc welding process should be used at robot interference parts and closed parts where spot welding couldn't. $CO_2$ welding is divided into lap welding and plug arc spot welding. In case of plug arc spot welding, burn through and under fill were caused in various welding environment such as different thickness combinations of base metal, teaching point, over the two steps welding and inconsistent voltage/current. It makes some problem like poor quality of welding area and decrease the productivity. In this study, we will evaluate the effect of teaching point through the weld pool behavior and bead geometry in the arc spot welding at the plut hole. Welding position is horizontal position. And galvanized steel sheet of 2.0mm thickness that has plug hole of 6mm diameter was used. Teaching point was changed by center, top, bottom, left and right of the plug hole. At each condition, the phenomenon of weld pool behavior was confirmed using a high-speed camera. As the result, we find the center of plug hole is the most optimal teaching point. In the other teaching point, under fill was occurred at the plug hole. This phenomenon is caused by gravity and surface tension. For performance of arc spot welding at the plug hole, the teaching condition should be controlled at a center of plug hole.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2003

Recently, the field of the engineering has been studied about optimum design continuously. Verified data by comparison with simulation and dynamic characteristic analysis enables the design of a machine tool to be modified easily and effectively concerning to the mode shape of the vibration. Especially, BC-500 Line Center has got some problems causing vibration which mainly come from Column and ATC part. So it is necessary to solve those problems by the two kinds of method such as changing structural design and reinforcing with ribs. In this paper, column and ATC part of BC-500 Line center are modified by an optimum design by the analysing method of FEM to avoid vibration. As a result, a more stable machine tool was designed by this simulation as optimum condition.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2006

This research investigates the electromechanical characteristics of a spindle motor in a free-falling mobile hard disk drive before unexpected shock. Electromechanical simulation includes a time-stepping finite element analysis of the magnetic field in a speed controlled brushless DC motor and dynamic analysis of the stationary and rotating part linked by the fluid dynamic bearing under the free-falling condition. Analysis results show that the dynamic characteristics of the rotating spindle system during free-falling state have an effect on the relative motion between the stationary and rotating part of HDD. It results from the variation of reaction force in the bearing area due to the gravity force exerted on the rotating part of HDD, and the free-falling condition can be detected by observing the signal of the spindle motor and disk-head interface without using an accelerometer.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.408-415
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• 2016

The vehicle attitude and sideslip is critical information to control the vehicle to prevent from unintended motion. Many of estimation strategy use bicycle model or IMU integration, but both of them have limits on application. The main purpose of this paper is development of vehicle orientation estimator which is robust to various vehicle state and road shape. The suggested estimator use 3-axis magnetometer, yaw rate sensor and lateral acceleration sensor to estimate three Euler angles of vehicle. The estimator is composed of two individual observers: First, comparing the known magnetic field and gravity with measured value, the TRIAD algorithm calculates optimal rotational matrix when vehicle is in static or quasi-static condition. Next, merging 3-axis magnetometer with inertial sensors, the extended Kalman filter is used to estimate vehicle orientation under dynamic condition. A validation through simulation tools, Carsim and Simulink, is performed and the results show the feasibility of the suggested estimation method.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 전구 해양에서 관측되는 ARGO및 TAO해양 자료를 이용하여 해양의 3차원적인 구조를 분석.동화하고 궁극적으로 해양대순환모형을 위한 초기장을 생산하였다. 초기장의 생산을 위하여 전구 해양대순환 모형인 MOM3.1을 이용하였으며 생산한 배경장에, 계산시간과 계산공간을 절약할 수 있는 공간필터를 사용한 변분법(VAF, variational analysis using filter)을 이용하여 ARGO와 TAO 수온 자료를 동화하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 자료 동화가 미치는 지속적인 영향을 살펴보고자 실험적분을 수행하였는데, 모형의 초기입력 자료를 자료동화 기법을 적용한 경우와 적용하지 않은 두 가지로 나누어 비교 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 자료 동화된 분석장은 OISST와의 비교를 통해 적절히 생산되었음을 보여주었다. 관측자료를 동화한 분석장을 초기자료로 한 10개월간의 적분결과를 살펴보면, 자료 동화를 통해 제거된 모형의 계통적 bias가 적분이 진행되는 과정에서 관성 중력파 등의 형태로 소멸되지 않고 지속적으로 관측과 유사하게 유지되었다. 이는 본 연구에서 실행한 자료동화가 모형의 역학적인 균형을 유지하면서 적절히 이루어졌음을 의미하며, 전구 대순환 모형을 이용한 중.장기 대기.해양 예측에 이러한 해양 자료동화가 대단히 유용하다는 것을 의미한다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.477-483
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• 2020

콘크리트 박스 구조물이 열화되어 보수보강이 필요할 경우 스프레이 장비로 구조물 단면에 보수재를 분사하여 부착시키는 방법에 의존하고 있는데 천장 또는 벽체부위의 경우 시공 후 보수재 자중 또는 중력에 의해 부착력이 저하될 수 있으며 지하철 구조물의 경우 진동 등에 의해 초기 부착력이 떨어지는 문제점이 발생한다. 또한 작업자의 숙련도와 시공환경에 따라 보수품질이 변동되기에 이에 대한 보완책이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 중력에 의한 보수재의 부착력 저하 및 인력시공에 의한 보수품질의 변동과 같은 문제점을 해결하고자 보수재 시공 후 소정의 압력을 가할 수 있는 기계식 가압장비를 개발하였다. 그리고 가압장비의 성능을 알아보고자 현장조건을 모사할 수 있는 챔버를 제작하여 가압 유무, 단면부위 및 환경조건을 달리한 부착강도를 측정한 결과 가압할 경우 그렇지 않은 경우보다 부위별로 차이가 있었으나 최대 70% 부착강도가 증가하는 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.