• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.409-423
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• 2007

The flora and the useful economic plants of Mt. Gangcheon was investigated from March to November, 2005. Vascular plants of this area consisted of total 379 taxa; 6 forms, 45 varieties, 328 species, 253 genera, 97 families. It corresponds to 9.31% of totally 4,071 taxa distributed in Korea. The useful plants of this area were 315 taxa. It corresponds to 83.1% of collected plants in this area. Among the useful plants, there were 161 taxa of edible source, 121 taxa of pastural source, 147 taxa of medicinal source, 82 taxa of ornamental source, 11 taxa of timber source, 14 taxa of industrial source. Korean endemic plants were composed of 16 taxa - 14 families, 16 genera, 12 species, 3 varieties, 1 forma. It corresponded to 4.2% of collected materials. The floristic specialized species of $III{\sim}V$ grades were 9 taxa, it correspond to 2.3% of collected materials. The naturalized plants were 15 taxa, it corresponded to 6.7% of 225 taxa distributed in Korea.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.652-659
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• 2004

Background: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of aortic valvuloplasty in pediatric age. Material and Method: Between January 1993 and March 2004, 35 patients underwent aortic valvuloplasty for aortic stenosis (AS) or aortic regurgitation (AR). The mean age was 81.1$\pm$61.5 (1∼223) months. The mean follow up was 50.8$\pm$30.2 (3∼121) months. Nine patients had AS, 21 had AR, and 6 had AS and AR. Valve morphology was tricuspid in 24 patients, bicuspid in 9, quadricuspid in 1, and unicuspid in 1. The mean peak pressure gradients of AS were 72.0$\pm$33.0 mmHg, and the mean grades of AR were 3.1$\pm$0.9. Result: There was one late mortality without early mortality. After operation, AS improved with mean peak pressure gradients of 23.5$\pm$21.0 mmHg (p < 0.05), and AR improved with mean grades of 1.9$\pm$0.8 (p < 0.05). At mean follow up of 35.0$\pm$23.0 months, AS maintained with mean peak pressure gradients of 31.5$\pm$24.0 mmHg, but AR progressed with mean grades of 2.8$\pm$1.3 (p < 0.05). Reoperation was required in 6 patients 38.3$\pm$21.8 months after the original operation. The actuarial figures for freedom from reoperation at 2, 5 and 8 years were 96.9$\pm$3.1%, 79.5$\pm$5.5%, and 56.8$\pm$11.4%, respectively. Age at operation, presence of AS, preoperative severity of AS or AR, and morphology of aortic valve were not significant risk factors for reoperation, and improvement of AS or AR. Conclusion: Aortic valvuloplasty showed good immediate postoperative valve function. Aortic valvuloplasty offers children many years with tolerable valve function and allows to postpone aortic valve replacement or Ross procedure in pediatric patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.192-212
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze scientific attitude and its components in the general remarks and in the particulars of one government-designated and seven authorized elementary school science teacher's guides for the 3rd~4th grades which were developed according to the 2015 national science curriculum, and to derive implications for future development of teacher's guide. The results of the study are as follows: First, in their general remarks, five of eight teacher's guides (62.5%) give a very brief explanation on the components of scientific attitude, and the remaining three teacher's guides give a relatively detailed explanation on the components but they lack practical information on teaching and assessing of the components; Second, in the case of unit objective in the four units of the area of 'Earth and Universe', five of eight teacher's guides (62.5%) contain 3~4 components among 'curiosity', 'cooperation', 'objectivity', 'critical mindedness', or 'respect for evidence', and one of the remaining three teacher's guides contains only the component of 'curiosity', another guide doesn't have any component, and the other guide doesn't have unit objective itself; Third, in the case of unit assessment, only one of eight teacher's guide (12.5%) has independent unit assessment, includes several components of scientific attitude in the unit assessment, and is broadly consistent between the components of scientific attitude in unit objective and in unit assessment; Fourth, in case of lesson objective, three teacher's guide (37.5%) contain 3~4 components among 'curiosity', 'cooperation', 'objectivity' and 'critical mindedness', and the remaining five teacher's guide (62.5%) include only 'curiosity'; Fifth, in the case of lesson assessment, among eight teacher's guides, five (62.5%) evaluate 3~4 components of scientific attitudes, two (25.0%) evaluate only 'curiosity' and 'cooperation', and one (12.5%) does not evaluate anything.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.461-469
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to analyze the contribution of carcass traits (backfat thickness, eye muscle area, carcass weight and marbling score) and the season at slaughter to the price (auction and market) using squared semi-partial correlation. The season at slaughter (summer expressed as season_2, autumn as season_3, and winter as season_4) were added into the estimation as dummy variables, and spring was set as a default variable. In this study, the carcass grades of 22,298 Hanwoo steers slaughtered from 2012 to 2017 were used to performmultiple regression analysis. The rankings of the contribution of the carcass traits and the seasons at slaughter to the auction prices were in the order of marbling score (68.63%), season_4 (11.88%), backfat thickness (10.45%), eye muscle area (6.11%), season_3 (2.19%), season_2 (0.45%) and carcass weight (0.28%). (R-square of the regression = 0.4101). The rankings of the contribution to the total prices were in the order of carcass weight (51.74%), marbling score (32.12%), season_4 (6.04%), backfat thickness (5.54%), eye muscle area (3.22%), season_3 (1.14%), and season_2 (0.19%). (R-Square of the regression = 0.6486). As a result, season_3 and season_4 had a negative effect on the auction price and total price. Because of seasonal event such as Korean Thanksgiving Day and Korean New Year's Day on season_3 and season_4, much supply was needed to meet the high demand. Thus, the seasonal effect at slaughter could be another factor to be cosideredin when considering of slaughter or breeding.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.123-143
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• 2010

The Skeleton Tower problem is an example of a curriculum that integrates algebra and geometry. Finding the number of the cubes in the tower can be approached in more than one way, such as counting arithmetically, drawing geometric diagrams, enumerating various possibilities or rules, or using algebraic equations, which makes the tasks accessible to students with varied prior knowledge and experience. So, it will be a good topic which can be used in the elementary grades if we exclude the method of using algebraic equations. The purpose of this paper is to propose some points which can be considered with attention by gifted children education teachers by analyzing the 4th Skeleton Tower problem solutions made by 3rd and 4th graders in their selection test who applied for the education of gifted children in math at J University for the year of 2010.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-95
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• 2011

In order to raise people with mathematical power and positive attitude toward mathematics fit for the 21st century, individual students should be provided with equal learning opportunities according to their ability and level, and the need of such mathematics education is even stronger for underachievers. As textbooks were considered the optimal learning materials at each stage, this study purposed to examine changes in students' mathematical learning abilities and mathematical tendency brought by the activities of analyzing and reviewing the textbooks of the previous grades. The subjects of this study were 5 mathematics underachievers from 3 fifth grade classes at D Elementary School. They were sampled from those who were selected based on the results of diagnostic assessment and the records at the end of April and gave their consent to participation in this study. For the sampled children, their current state was surveyed first, and then the experimental classes were given twice a week and a total of 32 sessions. The children judged their mathematical abilities through reviewing the textbooks from the 1st grade to the 4th grade, and studied the textbook of each stage by themselves. After the self study, they had the textbook contents review activity that extracted 10 problems considered important per semester, and the textbook analysis activity that grouped units in each stage according to relevancy, identified similarities and differences, and examined hierarchy. From the results of this study was found that the mathematics underachiever teaching method using the textbooks of the previous grades gives mathematics underachievers confidence in their abilities, strengthens mathematical connection, and develops the habits of exploring key contents through self study.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2001

The broiler marketing managers at department stores were most considered the brand whereas those at supermarket were most considered price when they purchased raw chicken. The whole chicken was distributed as fresh by 100% at department stores, whereas it was distributed as fresh only by 75% and the rest part was distributed as frozen or combination of fresh and frozen at supermarket. Consumers at department stores were most unsatisfied with drip loss whereas consumers at supermarket were most unsatisfied with freshness of chicken. At present, more than 89% broiler are selling by their weight unit of a bird (called as ho) in department stores, food chain stores and supermarket. The marketing periods were 3 days at department stores and 4days at supermarket. Most broiler marketing managers in stores such as 80% those at department stores, 60% those at food chain stores and 50% those at supermarkets were favored for the grading system based on quality of raw chicken. The broiler marketing managers at department stores and food chain stores preferred to the grading system evaluated with 2 quality grades and those at supermarkets preferred to the grading system evaluated with 3 quality grades if the grading system is to be established. The drumsticks and drummette of broiler were the most popular portions when compared to the other portions. In conclusion, marketing stores as well as consumers demanded to produce the best quality chicken by the grading system based on quality. Therefore, the quality improvement is the most important factor to increase consumer preference in chicken production.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.296-304
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• 2017

In order to predict about forest fire behavior we constructed a database for combustion characteristic of forest fuels in Samcheok, Gangwon-do and prepared fire risk map and fire risk rating using GIS method in this study. For the mapping autoignition temperature, ignition time, flame duration time, total heat release and total smoke release are selected as the standardized parameters and the overall risk rating was made up of the ignition risk parameters(autoignition temperature, ignition time) and the spread risk parameters(flame duration time, total heat release, total smoke release). Forest fire risk was classified into 5 grades and lower grade of fire risk rating mean to correspond to more dangerous forest fire. As a result, the overall risk rating of Samcheok was classified into three grades from 1 to 3 and Nogok-myeon and Miro-myeon were turned out the most dangerous areas for forest fire. Because of the colony of pine and oak trees and the higher fire loads, the flame propagation will be carried out quickly in these areas.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2010

In this study, we performed corrugation fluting experiments to examine the relationship between high-low corrugation of a corrugated medium and compressive strength of corrugated containers for food packaging. A low-grade corrugated medium was found to suffer from weak tensile resistance and to be prone to stealing, which tends to produce low corrugation. In contrast, a medium with a large corrugation deviation often caused slimming during fluting and produced irregular corrugations. Experiments of high-low corrugation distribution according to corrugated medium grades indicate that a high grade medium shows a smaller ratio of low corrugation. The thickness of corrugated fiberboard is weakly correlated to the basis weight of medium, yet positively correlated to the medium thickness (y=3.9732x+4.2712, $R^{2}=0.8142$) and inversely proportional to the medium density (y=-3.1213x+6.8736, $R^{2}=0.9919$). Compressive strength of a corrugated fiberboard box is low, if made of corrugated medium with large low corrugation distribution. Compressive strength showed 13% variation with respect to medium grades and 21% variation for various test samples. The corrugation fluting of a corrugated medium is related to physical properties such as basis thickness and density.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.14-29
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the components of scientific attitude by some learning topics in the 3rd~6th grade science textbooks that the pre-service elementary school teachers judge to be teachable in class and the educational effects of this analysis activity for the pre-service teachers. The several results of this study are as follows: The pre-service teachers responded that, for all learning topics, they could teach diverse components of scientific attitude and the number of components expressed in their responses is more than the components specified in the teacher's guides. Among the components of scientific attitude, 'curiosity', 'open-mindedness', 'respect for evidence', and 'objectivity' showed relatively high possibility of teaching, while 'honesty', 'collaboration', 'positive acceptance of failure', 'critical mind' and 'suspension of judgment' showed relatively low possibility of teaching. The responses that pre-service teachers judged to be teachable also showed similar patterns in the number of components of scientific attitude and the rate of the components between the learning topics of the 3~4th grades and the learning topics of the 5~6th grades. In addition, this pre-service teachers' analysis activity on the components of scientific attitude by learning topics in science textbooks suggested educational effects such as 'the deep understanding of the components of scientific attitude', 'the understanding and applying the components of scientific attitude in the context of science class', and so on.