• Informatization Policy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2010

This paper investigates the impact of the government R&D expenditure on the IT industry in Korea. The analysis of such impact can be used to derive the policy implications for the IT industry. The contribution of government R&D to the IT industry was analyzed based on the input-output table of the year 1990-1995-2000. The results show that the amount of the government R&D expenditure induced the IT industry to book twice greater production than it would have been in the absence of such government R&D expenditure during the period under investigation. It is also shown that job creation was strongly encouraged in the broadcasting equipment, software and computer-related services. During the period under the study, the composition of the workers in the IT hardware industry remained unchanged while the production increased significantly, which confirms the jobless growth in the IT hardware industry. The results of this study suggest that the government R&D should focus on improving the competitiveness of the intermediate good and parts industry.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2009

Purpose: Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was usually performed by the batch assay. To improve the efficiency of RIA without increase of the cost and time, random assay could be a choice. We investigated the possibility of the random assay using automatic dispenser by assessing the agreement between batch assay and random assay. Materials and Methods: The experiments were performed with four items; Triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4), Prostate specific antigen (PSA), Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In each item, the sera of twenty patients, the standard, and the control samples were used. The measurements were done 4 times with 3 hour time intervals by random assay and batch assay. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the standard samples and patients' data in T3, fT4, PSA, and CEA were assessed. ICC (Intraclass correlation coefficient) and coefficient of correlation were measured to assessing the agreement between two methods. Results: The CVs (%) of T3, fT4, PSA, and CEA measured by batch assay were 3.2$\pm$1.7%, 3.9$\pm$2.1%, 7.1$\pm$6.2%, 11.2$\pm$7.2%. The CVs by random assay were 2.1$\pm$1.7%, 4.8$\pm$3.1%, 3.6$\pm$4.8%, and 7.4$\pm$6.2%. The ICC between the batch assay and random assay were 0.9968 (T3), 0.9973 (fT4), 0.9996 (PSA), and 0.9901 (CEA). The coefficient of correlation between the batch assay and random assay were 0.9924(T3), 0.9974 (fT4), 0.9994 (PSA), and 0.9989 (CEA) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of random assay showed strong agreement with the batch assay in a day. These results suggest that random assay using automatic dispenser could be used in radioimmunoassay.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.434-438
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed in order to improve problems and to seek the efficient operating plan by surveying and analyzing the actual status of operating the agricultural machinery rental business supported by the government. Method: The data was collected through two times of survey targeting lease business operators and the leasing business reports published for the past 3 years ('08~'10) 120 cities and counties. Results: As a result of surveying 120 cities and counties nationwide of operating the agricultural machinery rental business, 96% of agricultural machinery rental businesses were indicated to be operated in the form of short-term rent for about 1~3 days centering on small-sized agricultural machinery and attachment for upland crop. As for the unit number of possessing rental agricultural machinery and the purchase cost, it was indicated to be greatly reduced the agricultural machinery for rice farming and to be expanded into upland crop whose mechanization is insufficient. The annual rental days ('10) are 9.5 days/unit, thereby being a little insufficient. Rental fee for 1 day is 0.2~0.8% of the initial purchase cost of agricultural machine, thereby being greatly lower compared to 2.0% (annually 10-day rent) of the proper rents, resulting in being demanded improvement. Conclusions: To be continuously driven the rental business of agricultural machinery with having the ability to propagate, it is judged to be likely to necessarily collect optimum rental fee in consideration of rental days as well as increasing the use days per unit by buying the agricultural machinery, which is secured the rental demand, and by possessing the reasonable unit number.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.208-211
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• 2010

Purpose: $TFB^{(R)}$ CA19-9 IRMA kit uses beads coated with CA19-9 antibody. However, this mathod can not use automated equipment, and requires a long time test. Recently, CA19-9 IRMA kit developed by $TFB^{(R)}$ is coated with CA19-9 antibody to the polystyrene test tube and reaction at room temperature, and also reduced test time. This study evaluated the performance of a newly developed $TFB^{(R)}$ CA19-9 IRMA kit. Materials and Methods: This study were measured by using 56 patients sample of Boramae Medical Center and Seoul National University Hospital. We evaluated intra-and inter-assay precision, recovery rate, linearity, sensitivity and high dose hook effect of coated tube CA19-9 IRMA kit developed by $TFB^{(R)}$. The values of CA19-9 measured by $TFB^{(R)}$ bead kit were compared with those measured by $TFB^{(R)}$ coated tube kit. Results: ntra-assay coefficients of variation on three different levels were 4.1%, 4.0% and 4.2%. Inter-assay coefficients of variation were 7.6%, 4.3% and 7.8%. Recovery tests on all three different levels showed within $100{\pm}10%$. Linearity was good and sensitivity was 0.3 U/mL. High dose hook effect is not observed. There was strong correlation between bead kit and coated tube kit by $TFB^{(R)}$ CA19-9 IRMA kit. (y=0.9185x-0.953, $R^2$=0.9779) Conclusion: Coated tube CA19-9 IRMA kit developed by $TFB^{(R)}$ showed satisfactory precision, recovery rate, linearity, sensitivity and high dose hook effect.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.192-195
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• 1998

Biomass conversion efficiencies (B.C.E) of six fish species viz, Catla catla, Labeo, rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Hypophthalmicthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Cyprinus carpio cultured under artificial feed (T1), broiler manure (T2), buffalo manure (T3), N:P:K (25:25:0) (T4) and control pond (T5) have been determined for the period of one year. The overall biomass conversion efficiencies under the influence of T2, T3, and T4 were statistically similar. However, the best (0.40) efficiency was determined under feed supplement-ation (T1).

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.85-100
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• 2014

Purpose - Recently, the prevalence of high-speed mobile communication technology (4G) and mobile devices (smart phones, tablet PC, etc.) is leading innovative changes across all fields in society as well as business environments. Furthermore, a diversified mobile application service has spread rapidly through mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet PCs. Accordingly, the traditional E-government services paradigm has rapidly changed into mobile intelligence. To identify the influencing factors on the using intention of G4C smart app services, based on previous studies, the variables that influence using G4C smart app services are defined; these are user cognitive factors (perceived usefulness, perceived easiness), user characteristics factors (user innovativeness, self-efficiency, social influence), service quality factors (convenience, interactivity, accessibility), and system quality factors (instant connectivity, safety). Research design, data, and methodology - This is designed not only to collect data with a questionnaire survey (9/22/13~10/23/13) but also to test hypotheses with SEM by SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 in both Korea and China. All items are used with Likert 5 scales. A total of 643 questionnaires (Korea 318, China 325) are used. Results - The perceived usefulness and perceived easiness in user cognitive factors have positive influence on using intention. The user innovativeness, self-efficiency, and social factors in user characteristics factors have positive influences on using intention. The convenience, interactivity, and accessibility in service quality factors have positive influences on both reliability and using intention. Safety in system quality has positive influence on both reliability and using intention. Reliability has positive influence on using intention. The control variables (Korea and China) affect its control hypothesis. Strategies and implications are suggested to assist the public using the intention of smartphone's e-government services based on the results of the empirical analysis. The mobile application service can be considered a new emergence of the paradigm just like the government's on-line portal websites appeared in the past. Under this prevailing situation of mobile smart devices, to promote the success of e-government mobile APP services, accurate analysis and understanding of users should precede anything, to provide services to grasp and satisfy users' desire properly. Conclusions - This study proposes implications to help E-governmental officers and companies make strategies. First, this is expected to give some information on the understanding and knowledge regarding the process of G4C smart APP service based on the empirical study. Second, this helps to make future policies and ways about E-government G4C smart APP service. Third, it is proved that super speed mobile communication technology and devices including phones will be crucial to change the structure of E-government services in 2-3 years. Fourth, it is necessary to increase the trust and using intention of users. Fifth, considering what type of environment users are placed in, to present proper public information matching their inclination, is important. Finally, various ways of experiencing service to explore potential users and ceaseless public relations are required.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.239-249
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• 2024

In this study, we investigated the concentrations of pesticide residues in agricultural products marketed in northern Seoul and assessed their potential health risks. A total of 1,737 samples were collected using the QuEChERS method, followed by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Pesticide residues below the MRLs were detected in 560 samples of 72 items (32.2%), but 38 samples of 22 items had pesticide residues above the MRLs. Residual pesticides were detected in 53.8% of fruits, 33.0% of vegetables, 28.6% of herbs, 15.4% of beans, and 10.5% of rice samples. Most of the samples that exceeded the MRLs were vegetables, especially leafy, stalk, stem, and root vegetables; herbs and mushrooms also exceeded the permitted MRLs. Of the 105 pesticides investigated, dinotefuran, fluxametamide, chlorfenapyr, azoxystrobin, and carbendazim were the most frequently detected, whereas 23 pesticide residues, including terbufos, carbendazim, and fluxametamide, were detected above the MRL values. The hazard indices were calculated as 0.00003-1.31406%, which suggests that the investigated pesticide residues in the samples were within safe levels, but continuous monitoring of pesticides in agricultural products is needed to ensure the safety of consumers.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.471-483
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• 2012

Objectives : This study looked at the relationship between occupational stress and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), to evaluate the effect of occupational stress-related factors. Methods : Data was obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 260 local officials in Gangwondo. The research comprised three questions relating to subjective oral symptoms, an occupational stress measurement tool and an oral health impact factor which was composed of questions. The data was analysed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and path analysis in Amos. Results : Occupational stress had a positive correlation to drinking frequency, Oral symptoms had a negative correlation. And drinking frequency, smoking amount and occupational stress had a positive correlation to oral symptoms. It denoted that drinking frequency, occupational stress and oral symptoms had a negative correlation to OHIP. The path model had an excellent goodness of fit (p=0.07, namely p>0.05). Five 'goodness-of-fit indices' of the model were all above 0.9: GFI=0.987, AGFI=0.952, NFI=0.902, IFI=0.939, CFI=0.934), and its RMSEA was 0.045. Occupational stress and oral symptoms had a firsthand impact on OHIP. In addition, it affected OHIP through the parameters of oral symptoms. Occupational stress exercised a firsthand influence on drinking frequency, drinking frequency exercised a firsthand influence on smoking amount. Smoking amount had a firsthand impact on oral symptoms. Conclusions: Oral health education programs for the development of an improved oral hygiene environment through reduction in drinking and smoking also need to focus on relieving stress by improving workplace culture. In addition, due to good communication is required to reduce occupational stress caused by interpersonal conflict.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from duck feces. In total, 112 (32.9%) isolates of C. jejuni were identified from 430 duck feces samples from September to December, 2010. All isolates were susceptible to telithromycin, whereas majority of the C. jejuni isolates were resistant to azithromycin (18.8%), ciprofloxacin (86.6%), erythromycin (0.9%), gentamicin (15.2%), tetracycline (80.4%), florfenicol (3.6%), nalidixic acid (87.5%), clindamycin (7.1%). As a result, appropriate protocols for antimicrobial agents and strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance will be needed in the future.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.105-113
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• 2000

We have isolated 65 strains(2.0%) of Y. enterocolitica among 3,219 water samples from 380 spring water sites in Seoul from 1994 to 1999. The biochemical characteristics of isolated strains revealed that TSI was A/A, urea, M.R.($37^{\circ}C$), nitrate, motility($37^{\circ}C$), sorbitol, maltose, manitol, arabinose, mannose, trehalose, xylose were positive(100%) and H$_2$S, arginine, lysine, oxidase, citrate, V.P.($37^{\circ}C$), DNase, motility($37^{\circ}C$), dulcitol, adonitol, lactose and raffinose were negative(100%). In in vitro virulence test, positive rate of AAG and CRMOX were 9.2% and 4.6%, respectively. However in the virulence gene detectable gene detectable test by multiplex-PCR using ail, yst, virF genes, 65 strains were all negative, meaning that Y.enterocolitica strains from domestic spring water were not detected for the virulence. Otherwise, mutiplex-PCR which using ail, yst and subgenus-specific primer pair was the best for identifying the virulence of Y. enterocolitica.