• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.55-65
• /
• 1996

The antioxidant effects of freeze-drying acorn were examined to find how much the freeze-drying acorn can reduce peroxidized corn oil poisoning, which influenced cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipids, lipidperoxides, GOT(glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase), GPT(glutamate pyruvate transaminase) in serum, and cholesterol, triglyceride, lipidperoxides, fatty acid of phospholipids, SOD(superoxide dismutase), catalase in liver. In this experiment, male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The rats were divided into 6 groups, which were fed differently for 5 weeks : basal diet, 10% peroxidized corn oil added to basal diet, 1% acorn flour and 10% peroxidized corn oil added to basal diet, 5% acorn flour and 10% peroxidized corn oil added to basal diet, 10% acorn flour and 10% peroxidized corn oil added to basal diet, and 0.25% tannic acid and 10% peroxidized corn oil added to basal diet. The results were as follows : It was found that the peroxidized corn oil-fed 5 weeks induced the elevation of cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid peroxides, GOT, GPT in serum, and cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid peroxides in liver as compared to the basal diet-fed rats, but the acorn flour-fed rats reduced the elevation of these components. In addition, saturated fatty acid in rat liver phospholipids induced the elevation by feeding of peroxidized corn oil and, on the other hand, the acorn flour-fed rats reduced the elevation of saturated fatty acids. The acorn flour-fed rats reduced the activity of SOD in liver while they enhanced the activity of catalase in liver as compared with the peroxidized corn oil-fed rats.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.273-282
• /
• 2009

Cadmium (Cd) and tributyltin (TBT) are common contaminants of marine and freshwater ecosystems, and can induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS can, in turn, cause oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated time-related effects of Cd (0.05 and 0.1 ppm) and TBT (5 and 10 ppb) treatment on antioxidant enzyme activity, i.e., the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the gills and digestive glands of the ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii. In addition, hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) concentrations, lysozyme activity, and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels were measured in the hemolymph. We found that Cd and TBT treatment significantly increased antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression and activity in the digestive glands and gills in a time-dependent manner. In response to the Cd and TBT treatments, antioxidant enzymes mRNA expression and activity increased up to day 5 in the digestive glands and then decreased by day 7. In the gills, antioxidant enzymes mRNA expression and activity increased up to day 3 and then decreased by day 5. Likewise, $H_2O_2$ concentrations significantly increased up to day 5 and then decreased by day 7. Finally, lysozyme activity decreased during the experimental period, whereas GOT and GPT levels were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner. These results suggest that antioxidant enzymes play an important role in decreasing ROS levels and oxidative stress in ark shells exposed to Cd and TBT.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.300-306
• /
• 2005

Tamoxifen citrate is an anti-estrogenic drug used for the treatment of breast cancer. It showed a degree of hepatic carcinogenesis, when it used for long term as it can decrease the hexose monophosphate shunt and thereby increasing the incidence of oxidative stress in liver rat cells leading to liver injury. In this study, a model of liver injury in female rats was done by intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen in a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight for 7 successive days. This model produced a state of oxidative stress accompanied with liver injury as noticed by significant declines in the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and reduced glutathione concomitant with significant elevations in TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) and liver transaminases; sGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase) and sGOT (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase) levels. The oral administration of dimethyl dimethoxy biphenyl dicarboxylate (DDB) in a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 10 successive days, resulted in alleviation of the oxidative stress status of tamoxifen-intoxicated liver injury in rats as observed by significant increments in the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and reduced glutathione concomitant with significant decrements in TBARS and liver transaminases; sGPT and sGOT levels. The administration of DDB before tamoxifen intoxication (as protection) is more little effective than its curative effect against tamoxifen-induced liver injury. The data obtained from this study speculated that DDB can mediate its biochemical effects through the enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced glutathione level as well as decreasing lipid peroxides.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.782-788
• /
• 2010

The protective effects of a powder mixed with solid-cultured and liquid-cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia (2 : 1, w/w) (designate LED) with different doses of carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) on induced hepatotoxicity in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was investigated. The rats were divided into seven groups (6 rats/group) and the following substances were administered orally to each group: Vehicle (0.2 ml distilled water), Control (0.2 ml distilled water), LED (LED 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg BW in 0.2 ml distilled water), and Silymarin (200 mg/Kg BW in 0.2 ml distilled water). After two weeks of daily administration, all groups except for the Vehiclegroup were subjected to abdominal injection with $CCl_4$ ($CCl_4$ : corn oil, 1 : 1 v/v; 0.5 ml/kg BW). One day later, blood and liver samples were collected to analyze biomarkers. All LED treatments elevated hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH peroxidase) activities, and reduced thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), resulting in the reduction of glutamate-oxalate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in plasma. These results indicate that LED effectively protected SD rat hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ through its antioxidative activity and reduction of some cytokines. The highest efficacy was found in LED 200 mg/kg BW, showing potential as a useful material for protection from hepatotoxicity in humans.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.143-147
• /
• 2011

Cadmium is considered one of the most toxic, non biodegradable heavy metal for the human and animals. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in biochemical parameters of blood and accumulation of cadmium in various tissue caused by various levels of dietary cadmium chloride ($CdCl_2$) in broiler chicks. $CdCl_2$ was administered through drinking water to broiler chicks. In spectral analysis, $CdCl_2$ treatment caused a significant increase in Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), creatinine and uric acid levels in all treated groups. Intriguingly, the GPT, creatinine, and uric acid levels were significantly higher at 75 mg/kg as compared to the groups treated with high doses (100, 125 and 150 mg/kg) of $CdCl_2$. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for the determination of Cd accumulation in kidney, liver and Breast muscles. AAS analysis revealed that Cd accumulation is increased in breast muscles as compared to liver and kidney at higher doses of Cd than 75 mg/kg.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.355-361
• /
• 2011

Effects of aluminum (Al) on plasma vitellogenin (VTG), alkaline-labile phosphorus (ALPP), calcium (Ca), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), the hepatosomatic index (HSI), and hepatic Al concentration were examined in estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$)-administered immature rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Fish were injected intraperitoneally with $E_2$ (5 mg/kg body weight [BW]) and/or Al (0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg BW) and plasma and liver samples were extracted 7 days later. After sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the relative amount of VTG was determined by integrated optical density. VTG accounted for 23.6% of the total proteins in the control group, but this value decreased with increasing Al administration. Al reduced the concentrations of ALPP and Ca in a concentration-dependent manner and significant reduction occurred at Al concentrations greater than 5 mg/kg. The concentration of GPT increased in a concentration-dependent manner in all Al-administered rockfish. The concentrations of Al in the liver also increased, and HSI was decreased, in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that Al inhibits $E_2$-induced VTG production by being toxic to hepatocytes in marine fish.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.285-290
• /
• 2009

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Solanum nigum Linne total extract (SNT), Solanum nigum Linne leaf extract (SNL), Solanum nigum Linne root extract (SNR) on liver injury induced by Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in Sprague-Dawley rats. SNT, SNL, SNR of 100 mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5 ml/kg for 20 days. on the day 1.5 ml/kg of LPS was injected. Four hours later, they were anesthetization with ether and dissected. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were measured in serum and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were measured in liver homogenate. SNT, SNL, SNR extract inhibited GOT and GPT activities in LPS-induced rats, whereas increased SOD, Catalase and GPX activity in liver tissue of LPS-induced rats. These suggested that SNT, SNL, SNR could be used for functional beverage.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.222-226
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of Paeoniae Radix Extract(PRE) against the acute hepatotoxicity-inducing lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in the liver. PRE of 100 mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5 ml/kg for 20 days. On day 21, 5 mg/kg of LPS dissolved in saline was injected 4 hours before anesthetization. We examined the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase(GPT), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in serum of rats, superoxide dismutase(SOD) in mitochondrial fractions, and malondialdehyde(MDA), catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GPx) in liver homogenates. LPS-treatment markedly increased the levels of GOT, GPT, LDH and MDA, and significantly decreased those of SOD, CAT and GPx. But PRE-pretreatment decreased the levels of GOT, GPT, LDH and MDA, by 59.7%, 43.6%, 59.6% and 63.5%, respectively and increased those of SOD, CAT and GPx, by 85.5%, 57.8% and 62.9%, respectively. These results showed that the PRE had the preventive effects against the acute hepatotoxicity-inducing LPS in the liver.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.73-77
• /
• 2007

The effects of Fucoidan extracted from Ulva lactuca on carbon tetrachloride ($CCI_4$)-induced dysfunction in $CCI_4$-posttreated rats were investigated. Ulva lactuca fucoidan (ULF) of 100 mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1 ml/kg for 14 days. On the day 15, 3.3 ml/kg of $CCI_4$ dissolved in olive oil (1 : 1) was injected 12 hours before anesthetization. We examined the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in serum of rats, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mitochondrial fraction and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver of rats. SOD, CAT, GPx decreased, and GOT, GPT, MDA increased in the $CCI_4$-treated group. But SOD, CAT, GPx increased, and GOP, GPT, MDA decreased in the ULF and $CCI_4$-treated group. These results showed that ULF had the protective effects on the liver dysfunction of $CCI_4$-treated rats.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.16 no.7 s.80
• /
• pp.1104-1108
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigated the effects of Laminaria japonica fucoidan extract (LJFE) through the enzymatic regulation against the hepatotoxicity-inducing carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)$ in LJFE and $CCl_4-treated$ rats. LJFE of 100mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5m11kg for 14 days. On the day 15, 3.3ml/kg of $CCl_4$ dissolved in olive oil (1:1) was injected 12 hours before anesthetization. We examined the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in serum of rats, superoxide dismutase(SOD) in mitochondrial fraction, and catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GPx) in liver homogenate. $CCl_4-treatment$ markedly increased the levels of GOT and GPT, and significantly decreased those of SOD, CAT and GPx. But LIFE pretreatment decreased the levels of GOT and GPT, by 40% and 64%, respectively and increased those of SOD, CAT and GPx, by 114%, 36.1% and 55.9%, respectively These results showed the LIFE had the enzymatic regulatory effects against the hepatotoxicity-inducing $CCl_4$ in the preventive way.