• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.397-403
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• 2001

Objectives; This study was carried out to investigate the motor activity, glucose transport and metabolism of Jiaweizhengqi-tang(JKT) in rat small intestine. Methods ; The motor activity of the rat small intestine has been investigated by means of measuring barium sulfate passage degrees. Transport and metabolism of glucose were studied in everted sac of rat small intestine with incubation under several conditions. Results; Atropine treatment significantly delayed barium sulfate transit, and JKT pretreatment increased intestinal motor activity, but not significant. JKT administration showed renal toxicity in animal experiment, so clinical safety should settled to use commonly. The transport and metabolism of glucose were greater at jejunum than ileum. So, everted jejunum of rat were used to study the effect of JKT. When JKT were treated, the concentration of glucose were higher than untreated group. This result was thought to be influenced by the glucose in JKT. When 2, 4 dinitrophenol was treated, the transport and metabolism of glucose were decreased, but JKT treated together, the concentration of glucose in serosal solution increased. Conclusions; The transport and metabolism of glucose were influenced by the glucose in JKT. And the effects of JKT were still unidentified, but through continuous investigation, these effects of JKT should be identified.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.156-159
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• 2018

We developed a glucose sensor using glucose dehydrogenase flavin adenine dinucleotide (GDH-FAD). The structure of the three-layer glucose sensor was simplified, in which a single-layer design was used to lower the unit cost, and GDH-FAD was used to increase the measurement reliability. GDH-FAD has less impact on the 20 interfering substances that affect blood glucose measurement, such as galactose and maltose compared to glucose oxidase (GOD), and is not affected by the oxygen saturation; therefore, it is possible to measure both arterial or venous blood and thus less susceptibility to hematocrit. In this study, we developed a single-layer glucose sensor strip with low hematocrit effect using the GDH-FAD enzyme, and measured and evaluated the performance.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-84
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• 2003

Recently, diabetes has been found to be associated with osteoporosis. Specially in IDDM. In both type I and type II diabetes, glucose levels are elevated. Thus, a linkage between high glucose and osteoporosis can not be ruled out. In this study, an attempt has been made to observe the effect of high glucose on bone formation; osteoblast like UMR 106 cells were treated with high glucose (22 mM, 33 mM) for 1, 3 or 7 days. The high concentration of glucose inhibited markers. of bone formation activity such as alkaline phosphatase and collagen synthesis. In addition, reduction in the level of total cellular protein in response to high glucose was also observed. This study showed high glucose concentration could alter the bone metabolism leading to a defective bone formation and thus paving the linkage of such situation to diabetic complications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.147-150
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• 1999

In the case of immobilizing of glucose oxidase in organic polymer using electrosynthesis, the glucose oxidase obstructs charge transfer and mass transport during the film growth. This may lead to short chained polymer and/or make charge-coupling weak between the glucose oxidase and the backbone of the polymer. That is mainly due to insulating property and net chain of the glucose oxidase. Since being the case, it is useless to increase in amount of glucose oxidase more than reasonable in the synthetic solution. We establish qualitatively that amount of immobilization can be improved by adding a little ethanol in the synthetic solution. As ethanol was added by 0.1 rnol dm" in the synthetic solution, Michaelis-Menten constants of the resulting enzyme electrode decreased from 30.7 mmol $dm^{-3}$ to about 2 mmol $dm^{-3}$. That suggests increase in affinity of the enzyme electrode for glucose and in amount of the immobilized enzyme.zyme.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2002

Cocoon production, which is a representative of traditional sericulture shifted into silkworm powder production in the spring of 1995. This, infect, signifies the change from the dress-centered textile business to the bio-industry and the functional resource industry. One of the most outstanding shifting is utilization of silkworm larvae for anti-diabetic agent. In Asian countries including Korea, silkworm powder derived from the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) has long been favored for anti-diabetic agent, but its efficacy was not tested until last decade by modern scientific methods. In this article, we reviewed the major researches on the silkworm powder as a blood glucose-lowering substance. After the beginning test of the efficacy of silkworm powder by a cooperative research between Department of Sericulture and Entomlogy, NIAST, RDA and Kyung Hee University, substantial data have been accumulated so far, In a serial experiment to select best condition, the fifth instar larvae prepared by freeze dry method turned out to have the best blood glucose-lowering effect. In the pharmacological experiment to understand the mechanism of silkworm powder in small intestine, the silkworm powder turned out to inhibit the activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, by competitively binding to $\alpha$-type disaccharides. The animal experiment showed that the extract of silkworm powder prevents a rapid increase of blood glucose level after meal and prevents hunger and law blood glucose level during empty stomach. In the experiment to isolate the major component of silkworm powder, which exerts blood glucose-lowering effect, 1-deoxynojirimy-cin (DNJ) was eventually mass-purified, and it turned out that DNJ isolated from silkworm powder was excellent in its blood glucose-lowering effect. In the experiment to understand the personal difference of the efficacy of the silkworm powder, clinical candidates were divided on the basis of the criterion of traditional Chinese medicine: Tae-Yang, Tae-Um, So-yang, and So-Um. The result showed that silkworm powder has a tendency to reduce blood glucose level at fasting and at 2 hours after meal, and this trend was somewhat obvious in the Tae-Um body type. In summary, we reviewed scientific papers on the efficacy of silkworm powder and its purified DNJ as a blood glucose-lowering agent. These suggest that silkworm powder truly possesses blood glucose-lowering effect as documented in the traditional Chinese medicine, although further researches will be required to develop them as "medical" resource instead of functional food.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1151-1156
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• 1996

Effects of xylose and glucose on the xylitol production were investigated with Candida parapsilosis KFCC 10875. With increasing the ratio of glucose to xylose, xylitol production decreased but ethanol and glycerol production increased. The maximum concentrations of ethanol and glycerol were 21.5 g/l and 3.6 g/l, respectively, in a medium consisting of 10 g/l xylose and 40 g/l glucose. No xylitol was formed in the glucose medium without xylose since xylitol could not be produced from glucose alone. The inhibitory effect of ethanol, a major by-product, on xylitol production was also studied. As the added ethanol concentration was increased, xylitol production decreased. When cells were inoculated in a xylose medium after removing the by-product (ethanol), xylitol production was not inhibited. The concentrated cells grown on xylose or glucose were inoculated in a fermentor containing the xylose medium. The total activities $(specific{\;}activities{\times}\;cell\;concentration)$ of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase in concentrated cells grown on glucose were the same as those in a normal fermentation; the specific activities of the above enzymes in the cells grown on xylose were the same as those in a normal fermentation. It indicates that the xylitol productivity of concentrated cells grown on xylose could be increased with increasing the cell concentration. By using concentrated cells of 20 g/l grown on xylose, the final xylitol concentration of 40 g/l was obtained for 18 h fermentation from 50 g/l xylose.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.23-27
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• 1969

Plasma glucose levels before and after oral glucose administration have been compared in a group of 76 thyrotoxic subjects and a group of 8 normal control subjects in order to study the effect of glucose loading in thyrotoxicosis. Following were the results: 1. The mean fasting plasma glucose level was elevated in the thyrotoxic group(95.5mg%) compared to normal control group (88mg%). 2. The peak of glucose tolerance curve is at 30 minutes after glucose administration in both groups, but its mean value was 44mg% higher in thyrotoxic group than in control group. 3. The plasma glucose levels returned towards the fasting level in the later stage of the test more rapidly in thyrotoxic group than in control group. 4. 69.6% of oral glucose tolerance tests were impaired in the thyrotoxic group, and the occurance of abnormal glucose tolerance could be related to the degree of thyrotoxicity, sex and age. 5. The mechanisms of the impaired glucose tolerance in thyrotoxicosis are thought to be related to an increased rate of glucose absorption from gastrointestinal tract, abnormal liver function with decreased hepatic glycogenesis, increased glucose oxidation, decreased pancreatic release of insulin, and genetic relationship between diabetes and thyrotoxicosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1 s.65
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• pp.47-56
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• 2006

The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Epimedii Herba combined Samgijiwhang-Tang(SJTE) on streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy. SJTE was given to rats with oral administration. The experimental animals were divided into normal group of rats, control group of STZ-induced diabetic rats, and sample group with SJTE administration. Experimental diabetic nephropathy was induced by the injection of STZ(60mg/kg) to the rat via the peritoneum. The effect of SJTE on STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy was observed by measuring the serum level of insulin, glucose, creatinine and BUN. Urine secretion of albumin for 24 hours and urine level of glucose measures too. Anti-oxidative stress of STZ administration in living body was estimated by measuring lipid peroxide in cortex of kidneys. STZ induced increase of serum glucose. creatinine, urine albumin secretion and renal cortical lipid peroxidation were lowered by SJTE administration. In conclusion, the SJTE treatment showed protective effect on rat diabolic nephropathy model, and action mechanism of the effect was thought to be concerned with internal glucose metabolism.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.457-460
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• 2003

It has been suggested that oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species(ROS) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorder. The aim of this study was to elucidate the oxidative stress of glucose oxidase(GO) in the cultured mouse spinal motor neurons and the preventing effect of Benincasae Semen(BS) on ROS-induced neurotoxicity. Cytotoxic effect of GO and protective effect of BS were performed by MTT assay. 30mU/ml GO decreased cell viability in dose-and time-dependent mannner, and BS diminished GO-induced neurotoxicity in these cultures. From above the results, ROS such as GO has toxic effect, and herb extract of BS is very effective against GO-induced neurotoxicity in cultured spinal motor neurons of neonatal mouse.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.14-20
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary Platycodon grandiflorum on plasma glucose and lipid metabolism in $KK-A^y$ mice and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Both plasma triglyceride and plasma cholesterol levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats were significantly decreased by dietary Platycodon grandiflorum feeding for 4 weeks compared to those of control rats, but there were no marked differences in $KK-A^y$ mice. However, for plasma glucose values, Platycodon grandiflorum feeding resulted in a significant decrease in both STZ-induced diabetic rats and $KK-A^y$ mice. Also, dietary Platycodon grandiflorum slightly decreased the postprandial glucose level at 30 and 60 mins during oral glucose tolerance test in $KK-A^y$ mice. Although there was no statistical significance, the fasting plasma insulin levels of Platycodon grandiflorum dieted $KK-A^y$ mice tended to decrease when compared to that of control mice. Therefore, the present results suggested that dietary Platycodon grandiflorum may have a beneficial effect on preventing hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia.