• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2014

Glomalin has been suggested as an enhancer for soil stability by promoting the aggregation. In this study, we examined the concentrations of glomalin and microbial characteristics in 25 controlled horticultural soils sampled from Gyeongnam Province. Total glomalin had a significant positive correlation with soil organic matter (p < 0.01), soil microbial biomass carbon (p < 0.05), and dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.05) in controlled horticultural soils. In addition, the total glomalin had a significant positive correlation with concentrations of total fatty acid methyl esters, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in controlled horticultural soils (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the concentration of total glomalin could be an indicator of microbial biomass richness for sustainable agriculture in controlled horticultural soils.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.119-123
• /
• 2010

녹비작물 헤어리베치, 보리, 호밀을 이용하여 벼 재배 시에 토양 물리성, glomalin 함량 및 벼 수량 변화를 구명하고자 본 시험을 수행하였다. 보리와 호밀은 10a 당 질소와 인산을 각각 6.3 kg과 3.2 kg을 시용하였고 헤어리베치는 화학비료 시용 없이 벼를 재배하였다. 시험장소는 경기도 수원시에 소재하고 있는 국립식량과학원 벼연구포장인 신흥통에서 중생종인 풍미벼를 재배하였다. 녹비작물 이용 벼 수확 후 토심 10-20cm에서의 토양물리성이 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나 0-10cm에서 용적 밀도가 감소하고 공극룰이 증가하였다. 헤어리베치 투입구에서 용적밀도와 공극률이 뚜렷이 개선되었다. 내수성 입단화율은 모든 녹비투입구에서 증가되는 경향이었다. Glomalin의 함량은 1모작 관행시비구에 비하여 모두 증가하는 경향이었고 헤어리베치구에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 심토에서는 헤어리베치와 같이 보리 시용구에서도 증가되었다. Glomalin 함량과 내수성입단화율이 정의 유의한 상관관계가 인정되었고 토양탄소함량과는 상관관계가 없었다. 벼 수량은 관행시비한 1모작에 비하여 보리+화학비료 시비구는 비슷하였으나 호밀+화학비료 투입구는 낮았다. 화학비료를 전혀 투입하지 않은 헤어리베치구의 벼 수량은 포장도복으로 감소하였다. 따라서 논토양에서 녹비작물 헤어리베치 이용 벼 재배 시 토양의 물리성이 변화하기 때문에 투입량, 본답 물관리 등에 유의해야 될 것으로 생각되었다.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.272-276
• /
• 2009

In this study, eight soil samples were collected from organic and conventional farms in a central area of South Korea. Spore communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by AMF, were analyzed. Spores of Glomus clarum, G. etunicatum, G. mosseae, G. sp., Acaulospora longula, A. spinosa, Gigaspora margarita, and Paraglomus occultum were identified at the study sites, based on morphological and molecular characteristics. While Acaulospora longula was the most dominant species in soils at organic farms, Paraglomus occultum was the most dominant species in soils at conventional farms. Species diversity and species number in AMF communities found in soils from organic farms were significantly higher than in soils from conventional farms. Glomalin was also extracted from soil samples collected at organic and conventional farms and was analyzed using both Bradford and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The glomalin content in soils from organic farms was significantly higher than in soils from conventional farms. These results indicate that agricultural practices significantly affect AMF abundance and community structure.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제45권5호
• /
• pp.792-797
• /
• 2012

경남지역 논토양의 글로말린 함량과 미생물 특성과의 관계를 분석하기 위하여 2011년에 20개소를 선정하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 토양 글로말린 함량은 토양 유기물 함량 (r=0.595, p<0.01) 및 탈수소효소 활성 (r=0.663, p<0.01)과 정의상관 관계를 나타냈다. 또한, 글로말린 함량은 미생물 생체 탄소 함량 (r=0.710, p<0.001) 및 총 세균군집 (r=0.616, p<0.01)과 정의상관을 보였다. 그리고 글로말린 함량은 그람음성 세균의 군집 (r=0.561, p<0.05) 및 cy19:0/18:$1{\omega}7c$ (r=0.487, p<0.05)와 정의상관 관계를 나타냈다. 따라서 논토양에서 글로말린 함량은 지속가능한 친환경농업을 위해 토양 건강성의 지표로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.517-524
• /
• 2021

Red pepper seedlings were inoculated either alone or with a mixture of all five species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). After 10 weeks of growth in the greenhouse, the seedlings were transplanted into fields and cultivated without chemical fertilizers and pesticides for 10 weeks. The results showed that plant growth was significantly increased under both greenhouse and field conditions, suggesting that AMF inoculation has a positive effect on the growth of Capsicum annuum and improves the physical properties of the soil by increasing the concentration of glomalin. The application of AMF can positively contribute to sustainable agriculture by reducing the use of chemical fertilizers while increasing crop growth.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.122-128
• /
• 2018

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are well-known for their ability to improve plant growth and help plants withstand abiotic stress conditions. Unlike other fungi and bacteria, AMF cannot be stored, as they are obligate biotrophs. Long-term preservation of AMF spores is challenging and may lead to the loss of viability and efficiency. This study aimed to understand the effect of prolonged subculture of AMF species on the growth and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) from red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). AMF spores were mass-produced using different techniques and subcultured in pots with sorghum sudangrass as the host plant for 3 years. Experimental soil samples were collected from natural grassland. Five different AMF inocula were used in triplicate as treatments. After 70 days of growth, red pepper plants were harvested and plant dry weight, plant nutrient content, mycorrhizal colonization, AMF spore count, and soil glomalin content were determined. AMF-treated plants displayed higher dry weight than controls, with only fruit dry weight being significantly different. Similarly, significant differences in phosphorous and potassium contents of the above-ground plant parts were observed between mycorrhizal and control treatments. In addition, soil GRSP content was significantly higher in plants inoculated with Rhizophagus sp. and Gigaspora margarita. The increased plant growth and GRSP content suggest that AMF can be maintained for 3 years without losing their efficiency if subcultured regularly with different symbiotic host plants.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.452-456
• /
• 2011

시설 딸기 유기재배, 무농약 및 관행재배 재배방법이 토양의 글로말린 함량 및 미생물생체량과 식물체 양분흡수에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 토양 총 글로말린 함량은 유기재배 $2.00mg\;g^{-1}$, 무농약재배 $1.93mg\;g^{-1}$이었으며 관행 재배는 $1.68mg\;g^{-1}$으로 유기재배에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다 (p<0.05). 토양 미생물생체량은 유기재배가 $821mg\;kg^{-1}$ 으로 무농약재배 $216mg\;kg^{-1}$ 및 관행재배 $169mg\;kg^{-1}$에 비해 유의적으로 높았다 (p<0.05). 딸기 지상부의 질소 흡수량은 유기재배가 $65kg\;ha^{-1}$로 가장 많아 질소 이용율이 52.4%로 가장 높았다 (p<0.05). 딸기 수량은 유기재배가 $51Mg\;ha^{-1}$으로 가장 많았으며 관행재배가 $35Mg\;ha^{-1}$이었고 무농약재배는 $32Mg\;ha^{-1}$이었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.344-344
• /
• 2017

The glycoprotein known as glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) is abundantly produced on the hyphae and spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil and roots. GRSP play a decisive role in the soil aggregation, but GRSP was also sensitive to agricultural managements. Thus, our objectives were to assess the effect of different cover crop incorporation on the GRSP content in soil and growth of subsequent soybean and maize. Pot experiments with the incorporation of four cover crops were set up. The same amount (666g) of aboveground plant parts of wheat (AMF host), hairy vetch (AMF host), mustard (non-host) and rapeseed (non-host) was separately incorporated into soils. The aboveground plant parts and roots of soybean and maize were grown in each incorporated pots and sampled at 6 and 9 weeks after sowing. Our results showed that the different cover crops incorporation affected soil biological and chemical properties such as EC, $NO_3-N$ content, ${\beta}-glucosidase$ activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and GRSP content. The soil EC and $NO_3-N$ content in the hairy vetch, mustard and rapeseed was higher compared to the wheat. The ${\beta}-glucosidase$ activity in the wheat and hairy vetch was significantly higher than that in the mustard and rapeseed, and the ALP activity in the wheat was significantly higher than that in the hairy vetch, mustard, and rapeseed. The GRSP content in the mustard and rapeseed was significantly lower than that of the hairy vetch and wheat. Moreover, The top dry weight and leaf area of soybean and maize in the hairy vetch at 6 weeks were significantly higher compared to the other treatments. Our results indicated that the incorporation of mustard and rapeseed may cause indirectly the decrease of GRSP content and soil enzyme activity in soil. One possible explanation for the decrease of GRSP in non-AMF host crop treatments may be the decrease of AMF density in the soil. AMF are not able to form a symbiotic relationship with Brassicaceae roots due to the release of anti-fungal compounds. This means the AMF may not be able to produce GRSP in the soil. However, the differences in the benefit of cover crop incorporation were shown only by a pot experiment. Comparative investigations of crop residue managements would be applied to both pot experiment and field study to clarify a better selection of cover crops in rotation to encourage GRSP production.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.373-378
• /
• 2013

Information on the effective application method of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculum is still inadequate. This work was performed to assess two AMF inoculation methods (dispersed and proximate) on root colonization of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L.). In dispersed inoculation method, spores were inoculated in 2 kg pots of soil in which 5 day-old seedlings were transplanted and maintained for 50 days. In the proximate inoculation method, spores were first introduced in 500 mL pots where seeds were sown. After 10 days, the seedlings with the 500 mL soil were transferred to 2 kg pots without disturbing the contents. After 50 days of growth, root colonization and arbuscule abundance significantly increased (over 100%) in proximate method of inoculation. Moreover, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid had higher shoot growth (182.5 cm) and Glomalin related soil protein (GRSP) production in proximate method. Nutrient accumulation, particularly total nitrogen (82.61 mg $plant^{-1}$), was also found to be higher in proximate method of inoculation. Our results demonstrate that the proximate method of inoculation may improve the early stage mycorrhizal symbiosis and inoculum performance in Saemangeum reclaimed soil.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.170-176
• /
• 2008

대학 부속농장의 밭 토양을 선정하여 토양 중 AMF 밀도 향상과 토양 물리성 개선을 위하여 기주작물로서 겨울작물인 보리와 호밀, 여름작물인 수단그라스와 콩을 재배하는 작부체계 유형별로 AMF 밀도 변화와 토양특성을 조사하였다. 재배작물의 생산량은 겨울작물 중 호밀을 재배한 포장 ($3,045kg\;10a^{-1}$)이 가장 높았으며, 호밀 재배 후 여름작물 중 수단그라스를 재배한 포장 ($2,757kg\;10a^{-1}$)과 보리를 재배한 후 콩을 재배한 포장 ($1,628kg\;10a^{-1}$) 순으로 건물 생산량을 보였다. 유기물 함량에서는 큰 변화는 인정되지 않았으나 입단화율은 보리를 재배한 포장이 45.7%, 호밀을 재배한 후 수단그라스를 재배한 포장에서 45.1%로 높아졌다. 포자밀도는 겨울작물을 재배한 포장이 전체적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 여름작물은 수단그라스를 재배한 포장에서 건토 1 g당 64개로 콩을 재배한 포장보다 증가하였다. AMF 외생균사 길이는 겨울작물이 건토 1 g당 1.5~2.0 m 수준이었으며, 여름작물은 수단그라스를 재배한 포장이 건토 1 g당 2.6~2.9 m, 콩을 재배한 포장이 건토 1 g당 1.7~2.2 m 수준으로 대조구보다 높게 나타났다. 토양 중 Glomalin 함량은 작물을 재배한 포장이 대조구보다 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 그 중에서도 보리를 재배한 후 이어 콩을 재배한 포장에서 건토 1 g당 1.7 mg로 가장 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 인삼 재배 예정지의 토양관리를 위한 작부체계는 겨울작물의 보리를 재배한 다음 여름작물의 수단그라스를 재배하는 유형이 AMF 포자밀도 향상과 토양 물리성 개선에 효과적인 것으로 밝혀졌다.