• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.57-71
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• 1994

I investigated actual conditions of smoking of teenagers who were randomly chosen middle and high school students. 1. Juvenile smoking 1) Parents' opinions of juvenile smoking Most parents do not want their children to smoke after growth : 88.6% of fathers (middle school students: 88.9%, high school students: 88.4%) and 95.1% of mothers (middle school students: 93.4%, high school students :95.5%). 2) Teenagers' opinions of smoking after growth The rate of students who will smoke after growth is 10.8% (middle school students: 12.0%, high school students: 9.9%): students in agricultural areas show the higher rate than those in cities. 3) Parents' opinions of their children's smoking now 1.5% of fathers want their children to smoke now (middle school students: 1.3%, high school students: 1.6%) and 1.1% of mothers do (middle school students: 0.6%, high school students: 1.5%). This shows that most parents do not want their children to smoke now. 4) Students' opinions of their friends' smoking now Students who want their friends smoke now cover 7.8% (middle school students: 7.1%, high school students: 8.4%). This rates are higher than those of parents shown in (3). And more high school students and more girl students gave the positive reponse than middle school boy and girl students, respectively. 5) Students' views of smoking "Look like an adult" covers the rate of 4.0% (boy: 7.8%, girl:3.6%) 6.7% of middle school students have this view, while 3.7% of high school students have. 16.1% of students had an experience of smoking during the last one year (boy: 29.9%, girl: 8.6%): this shows that the rate of the boy students is more than 3 times greater than that of the girl students and high students who experienced smoking last year covers 20.2%, while middle school students shows 10.9%. 6) Actual conditions of students' smoking The present rate of students' smoking is 22.4% (boy:38.3%, girl:13.8%): the rate of boy students is greater than that of girl students. Students who smoke more than pack of cigarettes a day cover 8.2% (boy: 17.5%, girl: 3.2%): 5.2% of middle school students (boy:11.4%, girl: 2.1%) smoke more than one pack while 10.7% of high school students do (boy:21.5%, girl: 4.2%). This shows that the rate of boy students' smoking is greater than that of girl students' smoking. 7) The rate of smoking of students' parents 75.4% of fathers (city: 74.5%, agricultural area:75.9%) smoke: and more than a half (62.4%) smoke more than a pack cigarettes a day. On the other hand, the rate of smoking mothers is 5.2%(city: 4.3%, agricultural area: 7.3%): the rate is higher in agricultural areas. 8) Opinions of smoking population in the future 61.4% of students answered that smoking population will increase, while 27.0% have the opinion that smoking population will decrease. 2. Opinions of the effects of smoking on health 1) Have you heard that smokers are likely to suffer from tuberclosis? 78.3% of students said yes (boy: 80.8%, girl: 76.4%): it is shown that the rate of boys is greater than that of girls. 2) Have you heard that smokers are likely to get out of endurance? 76.6% of students (boy: 69.3%, girl: 49.7%) answered yes: it is shown that the rate of boys is greater than that of girls. 3) Have you heard that heart-beats get fast when one smokes? 32.5% of students (boy: 35.5%, girl: 30.9%) answered yes: 32.2% in cities(boy: 33.0%, girl: 31.8%) and 33.5% in agricultural areas(boy: 41.8%, girl: 28.8%): and 28.7% middle students and 35.5% of high school students answered yes. 4) Have you heard that smokers are likely to have heart-diseases? 35.1% of students (boy: 34.0%, girl: 34.1%) answered yes: 35.3% in cities (boy: 37.2%, girl: 34.2%) and 36.7% in agricultural areas (boy: 39.0%, girl: 33.9%): 34.8% of middle school students and 35.4% of high school students. 5) Have you heard that smokers are likely to have a lung cancer? 91.4% of students (boy: 93.2%, girl: 89.9%) answered yes: 90.35% in cities and 94.2% in agricultural areas. 6) Have you heard that the life of smokers gets shorter? 94.3% of students (boy:94.6%, girl: 92.2%) answered yes. 7) Have you heard that pregnant smokers will deliver a baby with low birth weight? 29.6% of students (boy: 29.8%, girl: 29.4%) answered yes: the rates of boys and girls almost the same. 8) Have you heard that one feels calm when one smokes? 80.1% of students (boy: 81.8%, girl: 79.2%) answered yes: boys and girls showed almost the same rate. 3. Preventive measures Smoking people continued to increase all over the world because smoking not only mitigated emotional uneasiness such as loneliness, nervousness and so on, but also could be very helpful from the social perspective. This was so because they did not consider harmful effects of smoking on health, and victims. However, because any -one can have physical disorders caused by smoking, people should always keep in mind the following preventive measures. 1) Doctors or teachers should set an example of giving up smoking. Informing patients or students of harmful effects of smoking to persuade their family and relatives not to smoke. 2) Through mass media like newspapers, periodicals or broadcasting, to make people know harmful effects of smoking and not smoke. 3) To prohibit selling teenagers cigarette by law. 4) To prohibit smoking in public places like work places, offices, lecture rooms, recreation rooms, buses, trains and so on. 5) To decrease the rate of life insurance for non-smokers as in foreign countries and to give a warming of the harmful effects on cigarette packets or ads.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors and ego-resilience of girl's high school students. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted. The subjects were 284 students from 4 girl's high schools. Data were collected on September, 2010 by using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using PASW/WIN 18.0 program. Results: Sexual attitude showed significant differences according to satisfaction level with school and teachers. Sexual behavior showed significant differences according to satisfaction level with teachers, smoking and alcohol drinking experiences. The ego-resilience of the subjects was significantly different in terms of satisfaction level with school and teachers. And there were significant correlations among sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors and ego-resilience respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that the school life and teachers have important duties to manage sexual issues of the girl students. Therefore, it is needed to develop intervention program for the girl students to improve satisfaction level with school and teachers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 1989

Teen-agers are much concerned for their appearances. Their clothes reflect their living conditions and serve as a means to represents themselves as well. They also show great concern for the clothes of students of an age. So to guide their clothing behaviours in school plays a very important role in the living guidance of students. From this point, this study was aimed at examing closely the differences of recations as to the girl students' clothing behaviours between boy students and girl students of high school, and the correlation between environment condition and reaction upon the clothing behaviours of girl students. To check the physical environment condition of the family, the family circumstances test, made and standardized by Jung Won Sik, was used. To check the clothing behaviours of girl students, four items-modesty, fashion and esthetics were made and each item had five questions, wihich comprised fifteen questons all told. The subjects of this study included students in eight high schools located in Incheon, totaling 930 boys and girls. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. There are great differences in students' reaction upon girl students' clothing behaviours according to their physical circumstances level, sex, grade years and the degree of concern for other sex. (A) The correlation between students' physical circumstances level and their reaction upon the girl students' clothing behaviours is high in all the three items. The higher the students' circumstancses level is, the lower their reaction upon modesty is, and the higher their reaction upon fashion. In case of esthetics, only girl students show great concern for it. (B) As to the reaction upon the girls students' clothing behaviours by sex, girls show higher concern for modesty, fashion and esthetics than boys. (C) As to the reaction upon the girl students' clothing behaviours by the grade years, the first year students as a whole show higher concern for modesty than second grade year students. (D) As to the reaction upon the girl students' clothing behaviours by the degree of concern for other six, the more concern both the boy and the girl students have for other sex, the higher their reactions are upon fashion and esthetics, but the lower upon modesty. 2. From the point of reactions upon the girl students' clothing behaviours, (A) as to fashion, free variables can explain by 7.8 percent the degree of concern for other sex, physicial circumstances level, and sex in that order. (B) as to fashion, free variables can explain by 5.4 persent the concern for other sex, physicial circumstances level, and sex in that order. (C) as to esthetics, free variables can explain by 4.8 percent the concern for other sex, physicial circumstances level, and sex in that order. From the above analysis, the following are included: The concern for other sex has the greatest influence on the girl students clothing behaviours, the physicial circumstances level the nest, sex the third and the grade year the last.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.127-146
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the seven-hour sexuality education program for senior high school girl students and apply it to them to find out how this program affects their sex-related knowledge, sexual attitudes, and the self-efficacy of sexual behavior practice. The ultimate goal of this study is that high school girl students are to prevent unwanted pregnancy, STD and AIDS, after attending this sexuality education program. A non-equivalent control group pretest-post test design was used for this study. The number of experimental group consisted of 80 girl students and the control group was composed of 80 girls, too. A total of 160 freshmen from two commercial girls' high schools were selected by a convenience sampling method. This study was carried out in commercial high schools located in Daejeon, Korea from July 15th to October 31st, 2002. To discover the need for sexuality education, the researcher surveyed with a pre-designed questionnaire to 160 girls from the two different commercial high schools. The sex education curriculum was developed on the basis of the need of high school girl students for sex education survey results and literature review and a teaching-learning planning model and health belief model. The experimental group was taught the sexuality education program for seven hours from October 19th to 23rd, 2002 and each period continued for 50 minutes. The SPSS(10.0) Windows statistics software was used to analyze the data, along with frequency, percentage, $X^2$-test, t-test, and paired t-test. The instruments' internal consistencies were tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The increment of sex-related knowledge score after seven hour sexuality education was significantly higher in experimental group (t=-10.88, p=.000). 2. The increment of sex-related attitude score after seven hour sexuality education was significantly higher in experimental group (t=-2.67, p=.009). 3. The increment of the practice of self-efficacy of sexual behavior score after seven hour sexuality education was significantly higher in experimental group(t=-4.95, p=.000). In conclusion, sexuality education programs based on high girl students' educational desire, characteristics of development, a teaching learning planning model, a health belief model were effective to improve sex-related knowledge, sexual attitudes and the self-efficacy of sexual behavior practice of commercial high school girl students. This result can contribute to expand the school nurse's role in the sex education area and to develop theory-based school health nursing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.7
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• pp.30-44
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• 2007

The culture includes every possible objective forms created by humans and their shared aspects of ideas, feelings, and behaviors, beliefs and etc. The dress and its ornaments are part of the culture that expresses the relationships in objective ways and in formless immaterial ways. The school uniform represents significant meanings to the students in their school years, and it is the way of expressing their individuality and full filling their needs for self-presentation. Therefore, understanding and analyzing youth culture means understanding students' school uniform along with fast changing twenty first century civilization. Korea and Japan are very close nations to each other. Both Korean and Japanese girls' school uniform style were adopted western clothing style and went through many changes based on cultural differences between two countries. They are affected by different peculiarities between two nations and youth cultures from different cities. Therefore, this research is on analyzing how different visual values of girl's high school uniforms in Seoul and Tokyo and understanding youth cultures through macro-analysis. The youth cultures in Korea and Japan are mostly similar but there is special development on animation in Japan and possibly can find many styles of girl's high school uniform. Both nations are varying to be opened to sexual culture of adolescents but Japan is more uninhibited than Korea. In Japan, sailor-uniform can be found in fetish way in public culture. On one hand, because of most private girl's high schools in Tokyo takes an entrance examination, top-ranking students are very proud of their school uniforms and even students from other public high schools get private high school uniforms to attend school festival. This analysis showed that private girl's high school uniform in Seoul appealed as slim fitted silhouette which is close to modem woman's suit style while in Tokyo appealed as boxy style matched with short pleated skirt or sailor-uniform style. Comparing that to school uniform photos taken on the street, we can find that alikeness or more extreme styles as examples. These are influenced by different youth cultures in Seoul and Tokyo and cultural differences stands for different aesthetic norm being accepted or rejected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.96-108
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• 1990

This study was conducted to assess the morbidity and medical facilities utilization patterns of high school students in urban and rural areas, and to contribute to establishment of school health policies. A questionnaire survey was carried out for 1,979 of one boy's and one girl's high school in Pusan and 1,315 of one boy's and one girl's high school in Kyungnam province from March 27 to April 8, 1989. The summarized result is as follows. The number of students who were sick or injured in one month period was 378.0 of 1,000 students. One sick or injured student experienced 1.2 events on the average and thus the incidence rate was 453.2 per 1,000 students for a month. The morbidity rate of the urban area (550.8) was higher than that of the rural area (306.5) while the rate for girl students (561.9) was higher than that of the boy students (328.3) (P<0.01). Especially, the girl students (740.7) in the urban area showed two times higher morbidity rate than that of the girl students in the rural area. Out of all morbidity respiratory disease for 67.6 percent in urban area and 68.5 percent in rural area and it was followed by gastrointestinal disease and nervous & sensory diseases. The morbid conditions took place at school in 37.5 percent, and at home in 59.8 percent. The absence rate due to morbidity was 4.4 percent out of all morbid students. In addition, 73.5 percent of all morbid student utilized medical treatment, of which the pharmacy accounted for 53.8 percent and 57.5 percent in the urban and rural areas, respectively. The second most common facility utilized was hospital OPD. While there was no student who utilized the school nursing room in the rural area, 1.5 percent of the sick students utilized the school nursing room in the urban area. The most important in selecting medical facility was the distance. By low medical expense was more frequent cited reason for selecting medical facility in rural area (13.6 percent) than in urban area (3.2 percent). Mild illness accounted for 70.3 percent of the reasons for no treatment and 21.8 percent was due to the conflict between school hour and clinic hour. The morbid students mostly suffered from mild respiratory and gastrointestinal disease, and its incidence was the highest rate in the school. Although there was relation between the worry of absence and no-treatment, the school nursing room utilization of students was very insufficient. Therefore, it is required to activate the operation of the high school nursing room by utilizing the specialized personnel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.295-317
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• 2000

This study was conducted to prevent oral disease of primary school, middle school, and high school students, providing basic data for the development of oral health education programs. Data were collected from 898 primary school, middle school, and high school students from March 2, 1999 to May 31, 1999. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1) The subjects of this study were primary school students(32.6%), middle school students(33.0%), and high school students(34.4%). Boy students were slightly more prevalent than girl students. That is, primary school boys were 56.3%, middle school boys were 53.2%, and high school boys were 52.6%. 2) According to the self-judgement of oral health, primary school students were better than middle/high school students and boy students were better than girl students, 63.5% of primary school students and 57.8% of middle/high school students brushed their teeth once or twice a day. 3) 76.3% of middle/high school students and 63.5% of primary school students experienced dental caries. Girl students were higher than boy students in experiencing dental caries, 35.9% of primary school students and 27.6% of middle/high school students experienced periodontal disease. 4) 22.9% of primary school students and 7.9% of middle/high school students received oral examinations periodically. Girl students showed a higher rate than boy students in primary school, while boy students showed a higher rate than girl students in middle/high school. 5) Explaining to the reasons for reluctant visits to dental hospitals and clinics, 'no time to go' was highest(22.9% of primary school students; 27.4% of middle/high school students) and the rate of 'feeling scared' was second highest. Middle/high school students were more reluctant to visit dental hospitals and clinics than primary school students. In case of problematic symptoms in the mouth, the rate of 'feeling painful or cold in teeth when eating cold or hot foods' was highest, 71.3% of primary school students was concerned about oral health, while 68.6% of middle/high school students was concerned about it. 6) In gathering to the sources of information on oral health, the rate of medical institutions was highest(30.0%) in primary school students, while the rate of family members or persons around them was highest in middle/high school students. 7) 54.9% of primary school students received oral health education, while 13.1% of middle/high school students received it. Only 4.7% of middle school and high school girls received it. In relation to dental health education, the rate of 'possibility of prevention of oral caries or disease of the gum' was highest. 79.5% of primary school students and 80.3% of middle school students answered that they would attend oral health education. 8) 60.4% of primary school students and 60.2% of middle/high school students think the purpose of oral health is to prevent dental caries and disease of the gums. In preventing dental caries, 78.8% of primary school students and 71.8% of middle school students thought that periodical oral examination was effective, 88.4% of primary school students and 88.8% of middle/high school thought that brushing one's teeth was effective and 64.1% of primary school students and 50.7% of middle school students thought that the use of toothpaste containing fluoride was effective. In preventing periodontal disease, 91.1% of primary school students and 90.2% of middle/high school students thought that brushing one's teeth was effective, while 72.4% of primary school students and 70.3% of middle/high school students thought that teeth cleaning was effective. 9) 16.0% of middle school students and 12.7% of high school students thought that their oral health condition was healthy. According to individual experiences in dental treatment, the rate of experience of middle school students was higher than that of high school students, 12.7% of middle school students received oral examinations periodically, while only 3.3% of high school students did so. 10) In cases of 'having no problematic symptoms in the mouth' and 'concerns about oral health', the rate of middle school students was higher than that of high school students. In gathering obtaining information on oral health, the rate of obtaining it through broadcast media including TV, Radio, etc. was highest in middle school students, while the rate of obtaining it through family members or persons around them was highest in high school students. 11) 81.7% of middle school students have not received oral health education. In case of girl students, 97.3% have not received it in high school students. 85.6% of middle school students and 151.2% of high school students think that oral health education is necessary. 12) According to the knowledge level of oral health, the point of high school students($26.33{\pm}2.33$) was similar to the point of high school students($26.23{\pm}2.30$). It appeared that the point of primary school students was highest($26.35{\pm}2.50$) The more concerned about oral health the students were the higher the knowledge level of oral health was. In conclusion, the middle/high school students' knowledge level of oral health was lower than primary school students. The rate of middle/high School students' experience in oral health education was too low. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify oral health education for middle/high school students. Especially, the necessity of oral health education to girl students is strongly recommended. Developing an oral health education program for primary school, middle school, and high school students, related public authority and organizations, teachers; and dentists must actively make efforts together in order to maintain healthy teeth through having students prevent dental caries and periodontal disease.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to provide Apparel Industries producing the school uniform with the information on manufacturing the school uniform, and the students with the information of reasonable life of garments. Differences of reforming condition and satisfaction of the school uniform have been researched. The data were collected from 764 middle and high school girl students living in Daegu. Except for psychological aspect of wearing the uniform, most of satisfaction of wearing the uniform in the survey has been studied as lower ones. in line with these, overall improvement of aesthetic, economic, handling, class symbolic, movable aspects are requested to meet the needs of the students. A majority response of reforming the school the uniform once have come from middle school students, and another response of reforming the uniform twice coming from high school students are as follows : fitness of the uniform, trend, movability, expression of personality, and those of high school students are fitness of the uniform, expression of personality, trend, movability. Opportunities to have an education on how to wear school uniform appropriately have not been offered to students, and a number of the students in the survey have replied that they need to have adequate school uniform wearing education.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.31-41
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data for quality of life and improve the oral health through relevance of academic stress with academic high school girl temporomandibular joint syndrome. Methods: Data was collected from the students of two academic girl high school in Daegu, using questionnaire. They were the students of the 1st, 2nd grade, in total 311 student. The analysis was made using ${\chi}^2-test$, (one way ANOVA), and Pearson's Correlation, multiple linear regression analysis. These were conducted using spss 14.0 version Results: High school girl had at least one temporomandibular joint syndrome was 70.4%. In subjective of temporomandibular joint syndrome academic stress for grade stress scores were highest 52.3, study stress 35.0 all the depth of a lesson stress 45.5, there was a statistically significant(p<0.001). effect on subjective of temporomandibular joint syndrome influence the bad oral habit(${\beta}=0.325$) were found to have subjective of joint syndrome showed a statistically significant increase in the higher significant positive(p<0.001).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 1977

A bacteriological research of the school desks, bags and indoor-shoes was made from Oct. 2, 197 through May 28, 1976. The research included one girl's middle school, two boy's middle schools, two boy's high schools and 15 girl's high schools, alltogether 244 students from 28 schools, The research was analyzed and the results are as follows: 1) The research showed that 95% of the indoor-shoes materials were of cloth. Only 13% of the students carried the indoor-shoes in shoes sacks and 84.8% of them kept the shoes in schoolbags with books and lunchbox. 2) Only 5% of them cleaned their shoes every week and 79% cleaned every six. 3) 49.3% of the students kept the indoor-shoes in the school bag with other contents at home. 4) 88% of the bag was made of vinyl and 24.8% of the students carried their lunch in their bag without lunch box. 5) The research showed that 79.1% of the students never cleaned their bags. 6) In using the desk drawer, 58.2% of the students put their out-door shoes into the drawer, 18.9% of them kept their lunch in it, 11.9% used it keeping books alone and 11% keeping school bags with books. 7) 30.4% of the students had an experience of having cleaned their desks and 69.6% were unconcerned wirh desk-cleaning. 8) 34.4% of the indoor-shoes using school showed fecal coliform positive, 40.2% showed non-fecal coliform positive and 25.4% showed no reaction to IMViC. 9) The 34.4% of the fecal coliform positive showing schools, equivalant to 77 students, was composed of zero percents of girl's middle school, 18.2% of girl's high school, 36.4% of boy's middle school and 45.4% of boy's high school. 10) Among the 77 students, whose shoes showed fecal coliform positive, only 6.5% of them cleaned their shoes once in a week or a month and 62.3% of them cleaned them once in a six month. 11) The fccal coliform positive rate was higher in the cloth shoes materials than the vinyl materials. 12) The concrete-bottomed building higher positive rate (40.2%) than the wood-bottomed building (7.5%). 13) Even among the student's who frequently cleaned their desk drawer, 2.3% were in the positive, and among those who were unconcerned with drawer cleaning, 48.9% were involved in the positive. 14) In the fecal coliform positive rate of bags, 38.5% of the positive rate belonged to using indoor shoes while cleaning their class bottom with water, 53.8% belonged to using outdoor shoes while cleaning their class bottom with water, 7.7% belonged to using outdoor shoes while cleaning their class with oil.