• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1993.09a
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• pp.84-93
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• 1993

It has been reported that ginseng is effective in the central nervous system, immune system, and the strong inflammatory responses. However, there has been no research report yet about the effect of ginseng on allergic hypersensitivity reactivity. To confirm the ginseng effects on the release of mediators(histamine. leukotrienes etc.) which cause the hypersensitivity reactivity and inflammatory response, we used actively sensitized guinea pig airway tissues by utilizing the superfusion technique. In this procedure. the contractile response and mediators released after antigen stimulation of sensitized tissues, and IgG and IgE antibody products were measured in sera of immunized animals. Then the results of the controll group were compared to those of ginseng pretreatment groups. In the total saponin(TS) and panaxatriol(PT) pretreatment, histamine release decreased by $20\%$ in the tracheal tissues after active sensitization by ovalbumin(OVA, 10mg/kg), but in the lung parenchyma, histamine release decreased by $40\%.$ Panaxadiol(PD) significantly decreased histamine release by $40\%$ in the both tissues after active sensitization. TS, PT and PD of ginseng poorly blocked leukotrienes (LTs) and prostagrandin $D_2(PGD_2)$ release(less than $10\%$). Ginseng TS and PT had no effect on the serum IgG antibody production by ovalbumin, whereas PD significantly increased serum IgG antibody contents(approximately by 2 times). However, $IgG_1$ antibody products in the serum of guinea pig actively sensitized with ovalbumin after PD pretreatment were decreased, compared to that with ovalbumin alone. IgE antibody production by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) titer in the TS pretreatment increased 3 times more than in the absence of TS(PCA titer by PT was not detected). These studies show that some ginseng saponins can in part act to inhibit mediator release in antigen - induced airway smooth muscle by inducing the IgG antibody production which has been changed in the specificity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only targets the respiratory system but also triggers a cytokine storm and a series of complications, such as gastrointestinal problems, acute kidney injury, and myocardial ischemia. The use of natural products has been utilized to ease the symptoms of COVID-19, and in some cases, to strengthen the immune system against COVID-19. Natural products are readily available and have been regularly consumed for various health benefits. COVID-19 has been reported to be associated with the risk of thromboembolism and deep vein thrombosis. These thrombotic complications often affects mortality and morbidity. Panax ginseng, which has been widely consumed for its various health benefits has also been reported for its therapeutic effects against cardiovascular disease, thrombosis and platelet aggregation. In this review, we propose that P. ginseng can be consumed as a supplementation against the various associated complications of COVID-19, especially against thrombosis. We utilized the network pharmacology approach to validate the potential therapeutic properties of P. ginseng against COVID-19 mediated thrombosis, the coagulation pathway and platelet aggregation. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the roles of P. ginseng against COVID-19 with the involvement of platelet-leukocyte aggregates in relation to immunity-related responses in COVID-19.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 1987

The Maillard reaction products between amino acids and sugars are used effectively as flavors for processed foods and tobacco. Recently, considerable attention has been focused on the toxicological effects of maillard browned compounds. Therefore, we have tested the safety on the three-types of Maillard products (KG-19, KG-24 and KG-32) prepared from this Research Institute. Throughout the observation period of the acute toxicity study in rats and the mutagenicity assay using Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100), the test articles did not show any sigificant toxic or mutagenic signs.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2008

The volatile constituents of the fresh roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer have been investigated after treatment with artificial saliva and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber. Twenty peaks were detected in fresh ginseng, 5 of them were unknown peak, and mainly hydrocarbon components (${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, myrcene, limonene, ${\beta}$-panasinsene, ${\beta}$-elemene, ${\beta}$-gurjunene, trans-caryophyllene, ${\alpha}$-gurjunene, ${\alpha}$-panasinsene, ${\alpha}$-neoclovene, trans-${\beta}$-farnasene, ${\alpha}$-humulene, ${\beta}$-neoclovene, ${\alpha}$-selinene, ${\beta}$-selinene, bicyclogermacrene) were detected. It's area percentage was increased about 10% in the fresh ginseng added artificial saliva during 40 minutes.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.430-441
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of natural bioactive products such as Manda enzyme (T1), Yangmyeongwon (T2), effective microorganisms (T3), and Kelpak (T4) on the growth and ginsenoside contents of Panax ginseng cultured in an aeroponic system using a two-layer vertical type of nutrient bath under natural light conditions. The growth of ginseng plants showed specific characteristics according to the positions in which they were cultured due to the difference of light transmittance and temperature in the upper and lower layers during aeroponic culture in a two-layer vertical type of system. The growth of the aerial part of the leaves and stems of ginseng plants cultured in the lower layer (4,000 to 6,000 lx, $23^{\circ}C$ to $26^{\circ}C$) of the nutrient bath was observed to be superior to that of the ginseng plants cultured in the upper layer (12,000 to 15,000 lx, $25^{\circ}C$ to $28^{\circ}C$). The leaf area was significantly larger in the treatment of T2 and T4 (46.70 $cm^2$) than with other treatments. Conversely, the values of the root weight and root diameter were higher in ginseng plants cultured in the upper layer of the nutrient bath. The root weight was significantly heavier in the treatment of T4 (6.46 g) and T3 (6.26 g) than with other treatments. The total ginsenoside content in the leaves and roots was highest in the ginseng plants cultured by the treatment of T1, at 16.20%, while the total ginsenoside content obtained by other treatments decreased in the order of T4, T5 (control), T2, and T3, at 13.21%, 12.30%, 14.84%, and 14.86%, respectively. The total ginsenoside content of the ginseng leaves was found to be significantly higher in the treatment of T1 in the lower layer of the nutrient bath, at 15.30%, while the content of the ginseng roots in the treatments of T3 and T4, at 1.27% and 1.23%, respectively, was significantly higher than in other treatments in the upper layer of the nutrient bath.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.250-256
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• 1983

Dehiscence of ginseng seeds under the various conditions, growing experiment in the different soil conditions, and growing experiment with extracts obtained by water passed the pot of 4 year ginseng plants were performed. The results obtained are as follows: The survival rate of ginseng plants in the soil of ginseng field sterilized by MIYAZAWA's method was higher than that of the non-sterilized, but lower than that of the control. The survival rate of ginseng plants on the sterilized soil of ginseng field was lower than that on the surrounding soil. The growth of ginseng plants cultivated with the water passed through the pot-planted 4-year-old ginseng plants was strongly inhibited in comparison with the control. Besides biological cause, chemical products excreted from the root of ginseng plants might be the important factors of soil sickness in the successive cultivation of the same plants.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.84-95
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• 2000

Panax ginseng and the herbal medicinal mixtures containing ginseng have been widely used as a traditional medicinal prescriptions. In order to develop more efficient and protective prescriptions on seizures and subsequent memory deterioration, we investigated the biochemical and ethopharmacological effects of ginsenosides and fractions from the natural medicinal plant products related to control convulsions. In this studies we show results improving spatial teaming and memory deficits induced by kainic acid, a potent neurotoxic and neuroexcitatory analogue of the amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 1978

Ginseng jellies and candies were prepared by adding Ginseng extracts as final concentration of 0.5% and 1% for jellies and 0.7% for candies. Feeding experiments of the diets containing Ginseng extract were carried out for evaluation in respects of growth rate, feed efficiency ratio, organ weight change, hematocrit value, and blood cholesterol content by feeding rats for 6-week. The results of Ginseng supplemented diets were not significantly different from those for the control. Liver, spleen and kidney cells of Ginseng products feeding rats appeared no abnormalities to compare to the control rats.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 2005

This study was performed to develop new processing methods and products from steamed ginseng with rice wine. The brownnes, turbidity and the total ginsenoside in ginseng were examined All the values of examined premonitory materials, intermediate products, coloring matters and turbidity were increased as the steaming continued The quantity of total ginsenoside was increased when the steaming with rice wine continued in A1 - A9($1^{st}$ traditional rice wine steamed red ginseng: $A1{\~}9^{th}$ traditional rice wine steamed-red ginseng:A9). The quantity of ginsenoside-Rc, ginsenoside-Rd, ginsenoside-Re in Al were increased as the steaming continued. The quantity of ginsenoside-$Rg_2$ and ginsenoside-$Rg_3$ was increased when the number of steaming increased.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.241-244
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• 1986

Some physical properties of Korean red ginseng extract was investigated for their changes during extraction with ethanol solution having a concentration range of 0-90% at $70-100^{\circ}C$ during 5 times of 8 hours extraction. The intrinsic viscosity was ignificantly decreased as the ethanol concentration and measuring temperature increased, while it was affected relatively less by the extraction temperature. However the effect of measuring temperature on the intrinsic viscosity was greatly reduced for the extract obtained with higher than 50% a ethanol. The turbidity and pH were also decreased as the ethanol concentration and extraction time increased.