Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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COVID-19 and Panax ginseng: Targeting platelet aggregation, thrombosis and the coagulation pathway

  • Lee, Yuan Yee (Ginseng Circulatonic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Quah, Yixian (Development and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology) ;
  • Shin, Jung-Hae (Ginseng Circulatonic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kwon, Hyuk-Woo (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Far East University) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Ha (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University) ;
  • Han, Jee Eun (College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Park, Jin-Kyu (College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Sung Dae (College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kwak, Dongmi (College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Park, Seung-Chun (College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Rhee, Man Hee (Ginseng Circulatonic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2022.01.05
  • Accepted : 2022.01.14
  • Published : 2022.03.01
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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only targets the respiratory system but also triggers a cytokine storm and a series of complications, such as gastrointestinal problems, acute kidney injury, and myocardial ischemia. The use of natural products has been utilized to ease the symptoms of COVID-19, and in some cases, to strengthen the immune system against COVID-19. Natural products are readily available and have been regularly consumed for various health benefits. COVID-19 has been reported to be associated with the risk of thromboembolism and deep vein thrombosis. These thrombotic complications often affects mortality and morbidity. Panax ginseng, which has been widely consumed for its various health benefits has also been reported for its therapeutic effects against cardiovascular disease, thrombosis and platelet aggregation. In this review, we propose that P. ginseng can be consumed as a supplementation against the various associated complications of COVID-19, especially against thrombosis. We utilized the network pharmacology approach to validate the potential therapeutic properties of P. ginseng against COVID-19 mediated thrombosis, the coagulation pathway and platelet aggregation. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the roles of P. ginseng against COVID-19 with the involvement of platelet-leukocyte aggregates in relation to immunity-related responses in COVID-19.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The illustrations in this study were created with BioRender.com.

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