• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.75-110
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• 2023

This paper aims at discussing the evolution of innovation theory from the beginning of the last century to present. Innovation theory has begun by Joseph Schumpeter in the beginning of the last century and his theory had not attained much attention compared to the mainstream economic theory. In the 1960s, some neo-classical economists analyzed the effect of technological change on economic growth and emphasized the role of demand in innovation process. However, in the beginning of the 1970s, Schumpeter's innovation theory, which emphasized the role of innovation and entrepreneurship in economic and social development, attained enormous attention by many liberal economists. They were called neo-Schumpeterians as they followed the theories and ideas of Schumpeter. In the middle of the 1980s, neo-Schumpeterians identified the concept of national innovation system(NIS), which is the total mobilization system of innovation resources for generating, appropriating and diffusing technological innovations. Soon this theory diffused very quickly at regional and sectoral level. As a result, there have been very active empirical studies on innovation systems in the world. Since the beginning of the 2000s the transition study have been actively carried out mainly in European countries. This study emphasizes the transition of existing innovation systems into more sustainable ones. In Korea we need to activate transition study, because there have been only few studies in this new theory.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.103-113
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• 2024

This study is based on the design project of 'Sun-Garden' within the Solaseado Solar Power Plant located in Solaseado, which is a New City being developed in Haenam, Jeollanam-do. The purpose of this study is to create an integrated and sustainable energyscape that harmonizes energy infrastructure with the natural environment, while supporting the city's carbon neutrality agenda. To achieve this, design principles were established by considering three key aspects. The first aspect is economic, which seeks to create multifunctional spaces that integrate nature and technology, pursuing long-term sustainability while generating additional economic value. The second aspect is natural, emphasizing the creation of planting environments that conserve and enhance ecosystems, introduce region-specific species, and maintain ecosystem services and sustainable resource use. The third aspect is landscape, offering sensory and educational experiences to visitors and functioning as a landmark that symbolizes the carbon-neutral garden city of Solaseado through the aesthetic harmony of nature and technology. Through the creation of the 'Sun-Garden,' the Solaseado Solar Power Plant exemplifies a sustainable energyscape development model that merges economic, environmental, and landscape aspects beyond the conventional energy production facility. This project is expected to provide guidelines and implications for future energy infrastructure design, contributing to global energy transition efforts.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2024

The Korean Helicopter Development Program has successfully introduced the Surion helicopter, a versatile multi-domain operational aircraft that replaces the aging UH-1 and 500MD helicopters. Specifically designed for maneuverability, the Surion plays a crucial role in low-altitude tactical maneuvers for personnel transportation and specific missions, emphasizing the helicopter's survivability. Despite the significance of its low-altitude tactical maneuver capability, there is a notable gap in research focusing on multi-mission tactical maneuvers that consider the risk factors associated with deploying the Surion in the presence of enemy air defenses. This study addresses this gap by exploring a method to enhance the Surion's low-altitude maneuvering paths, incorporating information about enemy air defenses. Leveraging the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm, a reinforcement learning-based approach, the research aims to optimize the helicopter's path planning. Visualized experiments were conducted using a Surion model implemented in the Unity environment and ML-Agents library. The proposed method resulted in a rapid and stable policy convergence for generating optimal maneuvering paths for the Surion. The experiments, based on two key criteria, "operation time" and "minimum damage," revealed distinct optimal paths. This divergence suggests the potential for effective tactical maneuvers in low-altitude situations, considering the risk factors associated with enemy air defenses. Importantly, the Surion's capability for remote control in all directions enhances its adaptability in complex operational environments.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2024

In the context of Korean residential heating systems, Ondol pipelines are a prevalent choice. However, the maintenance of these pipelines becomes a complex task once they are embedded within concrete structures. As time progresses, the accumulation of sludge, corrosive oxides, and microorganisms on the inner surfaces of these pipelines diminishes their heating efficiency. In extreme scenarios, this accumulation can induce corrosion and scale formation, compromising the system's integrity. Consequently, this research introduces an ultrasonic generation system tailored for the upkeep of Ondol pipelines, with the objective of empirically assessing its practicality. This investigation delineates three variants of ultrasonic generating apparatuses: those employing surface vibration, external generation, and internal generation techniques. To emulate the presence of contaminants within the pipelines, substances in powder, slurry, and liquid forms were employed. The efficacy of the cleaning process post-ultrasonic wave application was scrutinized over time, with image analysis methodologies being utilized to evaluate the outcomes. The findings indicate that ultrasonic waves, whether generated externally or internally, exert a beneficial effect on the cleanliness of the pipelines. Given the inherent characteristics of Ondol pipelines, external generation proves impractical, thereby rendering internal generation a more viable solution for pipeline maintenance. It is anticipated that future endeavors will pave the way for innovative maintenance strategies for Ondol pipelines, particularly through the advancement of internal generation technologies for pipeline applications.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.87-109
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• 2024

At the 8th Party Congress in 2021, North Korea announced a plan to build 50,000 housing units in Pyongyang, and this paper analyzes the economic effects and related informal costs of of the project. Currently, Pyongyang is experiencing a significant housing shortage. It is estimated that the number of households in Pyongyang increased by 184,000 between 1994 and 2020, while the estimated new housing supply during the period was only 30,000. Pyongyang's 50,000 housing units construction project is characterized by the goal of improving the living conditions of workers, the application of the new city construction method, and the largest state-led housing construction since the Arduous March. The project is expected to generate economic effects such as increasing workers' motivation to work, increasing tourism resources, and generating income from related industries. On the one hand, a significant portion of the construction cost of the 50,000-unit housing project in Pyongyang is passed on to companies and households in the form of informal cost such as quasi-taxes and manpower mobilization. In addition, there may be congestion in the power supply and sewerage facilities that occur when moving in. If these costs are not taken into account, the feasibility of a housing construction project may not be properly assessed, making it difficult to sustain it in the long term.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2024

Recent advances in text-to-speech (TTS) technology have significantly improved the quality of synthesized speech, reaching a level where it can closely imitate natural human speech. Especially, TTS models offering various voice characteristics and personalized speech, are widely utilized in fields such as artificial intelligence (AI) tutors, advertising, and video dubbing. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a one-shot multi-speaker TTS system that can ensure acoustic diversity and synthesize personalized voice by generating speech using unseen target speakers' utterances. The proposed model integrates a speaker encoder into a TTS model consisting of the FastSpeech2 acoustic model and the HiFi-GAN vocoder. The speaker encoder, based on the pre-trained RawNet3, extracts speaker-specific voice features. Furthermore, the proposed approach not only includes an English one-shot multi-speaker TTS but also introduces a Korean one-shot multi-speaker TTS. We evaluate naturalness and speaker similarity of the generated speech using objective and subjective metrics. In the subjective evaluation, the proposed Korean one-shot multi-speaker TTS obtained naturalness mean opinion score (NMOS) of 3.36 and similarity MOS (SMOS) of 3.16. The objective evaluation of the proposed English and Korean one-shot multi-speaker TTS showed a prediction MOS (P-MOS) of 2.54 and 3.74, respectively. These results indicate that the performance of our proposed model is improved over the baseline models in terms of both naturalness and speaker similarity.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.225-236
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• 2024

To prepare for the impending climate crisis, it is necessary to establish policies and strategies based on scientific predictions and analyses of climate change impacts. For this, climate change should be considered, however, in conventional scenario-led approach, researchers select and utilize representative climate change scenarios. Using the representative climate change scenarios makes prediction results high uncertain and low reliable, which leads to have limitations in applying them to relevant policies and design standards. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize scenario-neutral approach considering possible change ranges due to climate change. In this study, hydrologic risk was estimated for Boryeong after generating 343 time series of climate stress and calculating drought return period from bivariate drought frequency analysis. Considering 18 scenarios of SSP1-2.6 and 18 scenarios of SSP5-8.5, the results indicated that the hydrologic risks of drought occurrence with maximum return period ranged 0.15±0.025 within 20 years and 0.3125±0.0625 within 50 years, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to establish drought policies and countermeasures in consideration of the corresponding hydrologic risks in Boryeong.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.819-825
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• 2024

The reason for recording dose data when using a diagnostic radiation source is to record and manage the dose to healthcare personnel and patients. The purpose of this study was to verify the difference in radiation dose when using diagnostic radiation generating devices and to inform users' awareness of dose reduction through measurement and analysis of dose in situations with and without shielding. The dose analysis of each equipment for two Korean C-arms and two German C-arms showed that the Korean FPD type C-arm had the highest dose value, followed by the German I.I type C-arm, German FPD type C-arm, Korean, and I.I type C-arm. The results of the dose analysis with and without shielding showed that the dose to the human phantom in a normal atmosphere increased by about 2 times due to scattered radiation, but the dose to the human phantom was reduced by about 5 times by wearing a shield (0.5mm/lead apron). More important than the management of radiation dose is the study of how to reduce exposure when using radiation, and since the radiation dose output from different equipment is different, it is necessary to provide dose information with and without shielding.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.251-268
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• 2024

Recently, with the implementation of the "e-Government Performance Management Guidelines," there is a growing demand for setting performance indicators for information systems. For systems that provide information services to the public, such as CODIL, it is not easy to set performance indicators. This study presented a research model that applies Monte Carlo simulation to set expected performance targets that can be achieved through CODIL based on objective evidence. Among the survey contents conducted from 2015 to 2023, the statistical characteristics of user satisfaction regarding the frequency of use of construction technology information provided by CODIL were designated as input variables. Future expected targets and confidence intervals from 2024 to 2026 were designated as outcome variables. The expected target value was measured by generating 5 simulation alternatives and 1,000 random numbers for each alternative. Next, the measured expected goals were interpreted and compared with the results of time series regression analysis measured in previous studies. Although, as in previous studies, the expected target value could not be predicted based on time series regression analysis that considers the correlation between years. However, compared to previous studies, this study can be considered a more accurate analysis result because it predicted the expected target value based on 5,000 input variables.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.55-61
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• 2024

Recently, the number of aging concrete structures is steadily increasing. This is because many of these structures are reaching their expected lifespan. Such structures require accurate inspections and persistent maintenance. Otherwise, their original functions and performance may degrade, potentially leading to safety accidents. Therefore, research on objective inspection technologies using deep learning and computer vision is actively being conducted. High-resolution images can accurately observe not only micro cracks but also spalling and exposed rebar, and deep learning enables automated detection. High detection performance in deep learning is only guaranteed with diverse and numerous training datasets. However, surface damage to concrete is not commonly captured in images, resulting in a lack of training data. To overcome this limitation, this study proposed a method for generating concrete surface damage images, including cracks, spalling, and exposed rebar, using stable diffusion. This method synthesizes new damage images by paired text and image data. For this purpose, a training dataset of 678 images was secured, and fine-tuning was performed through low-rank adaptation. The quality of the generated images was compared according to three base models of stable diffusion. As a result, a method to synthesize the most diverse and high-quality concrete damage images was developed. This research is expected to address the issue of data scarcity and contribute to improving the accuracy of deep learning-based damage detection algorithms in the future.