• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.252-257
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• 1998

Bamboo salt has been used as a traditional remedy for gastric ulcer and gastro-intestinal disorders. It is produced by baking the salt packed in bamboo cylinder nine times under the fire of pine tree. Three of commercially available bamboo salt products (bamboo salt A, B, and C) were characterized by qualitative and quantitative analyses using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometer, ion chromatograph (IC), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and electron microscope (EM). Compared with crude salt, the contents of iron, silicon, potassium, and phosphate in the bamboo salt products were higher whereas the sulfate content was lower. Water-insoluble fraction of bamboo salts contained the following compounds; MgO, $SiO_2,\;Mg_2Si0_4,\;and\;CaMgSi0_4$. The study on the microscopic structures of the bamboo salts were shown to have smooth surface and fused shape compared with crude salt. Among the three bamboo salt products, product A was used to test a possible inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion. Each test material (bamboo salt A, crude salt, and reagent-grade NaCl) was given orally to Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of 0.2, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg for 28 days before pyrolus ligation. Twenty four hours after the last administration of the test materials, volume, pH, total acidity, and pepsin activity of gastric juice were measured by the Shay-ligation method. No significant differences were observed in the secretion of gastric acid between treated groups (bamboo salt-, crude salt- and reagent-grade NaCI-treated groups) and control group (distilled water-treated group). This result demonstrated that bamboo salt did not exert anti-ulcer activities in experimental animals used in the present study.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 1972

The present study is concerned with the demonstration of the influence of long term treatment with caffeine and phenobarbital on pentobarbital sleeping time, gastric secretion, increase rate of body weight and brain and liver weight in rats. The experimental subjects were rats weighing about 140 to 150 g, each of them was isolated in a separate cage. Each group was given 1 ml normal saline solution as control, caffeine 10 mg/kg and phenobarbital 30 mg/kg as experimental groups. All drugs were injected intraperitoneally, daily for 4 weeks. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. There was significant difference between before and after injection of drugs (caffeine citrate 10 mg/kg and phenobarbital 30 mg/kg) on pentobarbital sleeping time. The sleeping time of caffeine treated group was delayed (22.4%, p<0.01) significantly compared with that of before injection. The sleeping time of phenobarbital treated group was markedly shortened (93.6%, p<0.001) compared with that of before injection of drugs. 2. The volume, free and total acidity and pH of gastric juice determined five hours after pyloric ligation in fasting rats were not significantly changed in experimental groups compared with control group. However the volume of gastric juice was increased 25% in both caffeine and phenobardital treated group. 3. The increased ratio of body weight revealed no remarkable difference compared with intial body weight. However, caffeine treated group showed markedly increased body weight after first and second week of injection. 4. The brain and liver weight in experimental group showed no significant difference compared with control group (as percentage of body weight).

• CELLMED
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.28.1-28.6
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• 2015

This current study investigated the anti-ulcer activity of 2 types of virgin coconut oil (VCO-A and VCO-B) and coconut oil (CO). Sprague-Dawley of male rats divided into 6 groups and each group consisted of ten rats. Rats were then treated with either VCO or CO and then were then anaesthetized and pyloric ligation was performed. The anaesthesia was discontinued and the animal usually recovered consciousness within less than an hour. Three hours later, the animal was then again anaesthetized and sacrificed with chloroform. Stomach removed and its content subjected to measurement of volume and pH. The results revealed VCO-B and VCO-A (100%) significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) the volume of gastric juice secreted by the control rats by 66.81% and 51.53%, respectively. Followed by CO 42.80%. While the inhibition of gastric juice for positive control rats which treated with ranitidine (100 mg/kg) was only 22.38%. The total acid output was reduced by the oils to 70.80%, 74.16% and 40.45% for VCO-A, VCO-B and CO respectively compared to control group. Ranitidine reduced the total acid output by 34.83%. In conclusion, prevention of gastric lesions in rats by VCO was found to increase the mucous and decrease the acid volume, total acid contents and ulcer scoring. The treatment of VCO affects the all parameters that influence the initiation and perpetuation of ulceration.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.591-598
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• 1996

The water extracts of ten crude drugs were tested for the spasmolytic and anti-peptic ulcer activities on rat ileum smooth muscle contraction and aspirin-induced acute hemorrhag ic erosive gastritis respectively. The water extract of Aurantii immaturi pericarpium(AIP)($IC_{50}=1.5{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l), Aurantii nobilis pericarpium(ANP)($IC_{50}=2.5{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l), Cyperi rhizoma(CR)($IC_{50}=3.3{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l). Linderae radix(LR) ($IC_{50}=6.8{\times}1O^{-2}$), Aurantii fructus immaturus(AFI)($IC_{50}=11.8{\times}1O^{-2}$), Saussureae radix(SR)($IC_{50}=13.2{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l) and Ponciri fructus(PF)($IC_{50}=23.3{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l) showed inhibitory activity on the isometric contraction of rat ileum smooth muscle induced by electrical stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas the water extracts of Arecae pericarpium(AP), Agastachis herba(AH) and Magnoliae cortex(MC) potentiated the isometric contraction. In the aspirin-induced acute gastritis, the water extracts of MC, AP and CR reduced significantly the gastric juice secretion, gastric juice acidity and pepsin activity. They also showed protective activity of gastric mucosal layer from erosion and petichial hemorrhage in gross and histological examination.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.179-204
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• 1998

The purpose of this research was to investigate the efficacy of Goiwhasan extract powder on the gastric injuries, antiulcer, gastrointestinal tract and blood hemostasis. Animals were used through this studies mice and rats. All animals were divided into 3 groups, contol group(no treatment), sample Ⅰ group(375mg/kg administration), sample Ⅱ group(750mg/kg administration). The gastric injuries and ulcer have been made by using pyloric ligation, indomethacin, HCI-ethanol, acetic acid and then The histological observation was followed. In the gastrointestinal tract, gastric juice secretion, gastric acidity, pepsin output, blood gastrin and secretin level, transport potentials in the small and large intestine were checked. And studies on blood hemostasis were performed on normal hemostatic activities and plasma prothrombin time, plasma recalcification time, plasma fibrinogen levels in the hypoprothrombinemic mice induced by warfarin. The results were as follows: 1. The antigastric ulcer effects on the pyloric ligation, indomethacin, HCl-ethanol, acetic acid induced gastric injuries were shown in Sample Ⅱ group(p<0.05). 2. Through the morphologic examination on the acetic acid induced ulcer, Sample Ⅰ group showed mild regeneration of epithelium and slight decrease of periulcer edema then that of Control group, while Sample Ⅱ group showed more retraction of round ulcer site, remarkable loss of swelling and edema then that of Control group, and revealing the regenerated epithelium in the surrounding ulcer site. Thus it was noted that both Sample groups have antigastriculcer effects on the experimentally induced gastric ulcer. 3. The inhibitory effects on gastric juice were noted in both Sample Ⅰ group(p<0.05) and Sample Ⅱ group(p<0.01). However, only Sample Ⅱ group showed the inhibitory effects on total acidity and pepsin output(p<0.05). 4. The significant inhibition of blood gastrin level showed at 30 min.(P<0.05) and 90 min.(P<0.05) after starting medication in only Sample Ⅱ group, but significance of blood secretin level in both groups was not recognized. 5. Any significant changes in barium sulfate transport in the small intestine of mice was not recognized in both groups, but the significantly inhibitory effect in large intestine was recognized in both Sample Ⅰ group(p<0.05) and Sample Ⅱ group(p<0.001). 6. In hemostatic effect on both normal mice and hypoprothrombinemic mice induced by warfarin, the significantly shortening effect on coagulation time was seen in only Sample Ⅱ group(p<0.01). 7. On plasma prothrombin time in hypoprothrombinemic rat induced by warfarin, Sample Ⅱ group have shortened the prothrombin time significantly(p<0.001). 8. On plasma reclcification time in hypoprothrombinemic rat induced by warfarin, the recalcification time have been shortened significantly in both Sample Ⅰ group(p<0.05) and Sample Ⅱ group(p<0.01). 9. On plasma fibrinogen levels in hypoprothrombinemic rat induced by warfarin, the fibrinogen contents in Sample Ⅱ have been decreased significantly(p<0.01). Overall the above results suggest that Goiwhasan has an therapeutic efficacy on antigastric ulcer and blood hemostasis. Further studies would be needed on the interaction of its herbal medicine and its mechanism in the future.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.121-127
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• 1984

Attempts were to investigate the effects of 'Bojungikgi-tang' on the digestive system, blood pressure and diuresis. The results showed that relaxing action was shown on the isolated ileum in mice and that strong antagonistic actions were seen on $BaCl_2$, acetylcholine and histamine-induced contraction of the ileum in mice and guinea-pigs that the relaxing effect of the intestinal smooth muscle was recognized. Inhibitory effects on transport rate in the small intestine of mice and castor oil-induced catharsis in mice were noted. Inhibitory action on the secretion of gastric juice, pH ascending effect and decreasing effect of the free acidity and total acidity were recognized. Continuous hypotensive action was seen, but when the vagus nerve was cut, hypotensive action was remarkably decreased. The diuretic effect was also recognized.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.77-86
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this report was to provide the information activity and safety of Yijin-tang by analyzing domestic/international papers and theses about Yijin-tang. Methods : Domestic/international papers and theses related to Yijin-tang were reviewed and analyzed. These papers were then classified by year, experimental method and subject. Results : 1. Administration of Yijin-tang showed therapeutic effects on diseases of the circulatory system such as thrombosis and hyperlipisemia in in vivo experiments. 2. Administration of Yijin-tang reduced hemorrhagic erosion and ulcer by inhibition of gastric juice secretion and protection effect of gastric mucosa in in vivo experiments. 3. Both clinical and basic science researches, Administration of Yijin-tang showed improvement of digestive function by up-regulated of digestive enzyme and gut-regulated protein in plasma levels. Conclusions : Administration of Yijin-tang showed therapeutic effects on diseases of the circulatory system and protection effect of gastric mucosa in in vivo experiments. Furthermore, both clinical and basic science researches, administration of Yijin-tang showed improvement of digestive function.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

Ascorbic acid is one of the most well-known nutritional supplement and antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables. Calcium ascorbate has been developed to mitigate the gastric irritation caused by the acidity of ascorbic acid. The aim of this study was to compare calcium ascorbate and ascorbic acid, focusing on their antioxidant activity and effects on gastric juice pH, total acid output, and pepsin secretion in an in vivo rat model, as well as pharmacokinetic parameters. Calcium ascorbate and ascorbic acid had similar antioxidant activity. However, the gastric fluid pH was increased by calcium ascorbate, whereas total acid output was increased by ascorbic acid. In the rat pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model, calcium ascorbate increased the gastric fluid pH without changing the total acid output. Administration of calcium ascorbate to rats given a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg as ascorbic acid resulted in higher plasma concentrations than that from ascorbic acid alone. The area under the curve (AUC) values of calcium ascorbate were 1.5-fold higher than those of ascorbic acid, and the $C_{max}$ value of calcium ascorbate (91.0 ng/ml) was higher than that of ascorbic acid (74.8 ng/ml). However, their $T_{max}$ values were similar. Thus, although calcium ascorbate showed equivalent antioxidant activity to ascorbic acid, it could attenuate the gastric high acidity caused by ascorbic acid, making it suitable for consideration of use to improve the side effects of ascorbic acid. Furthermore, calcium ascorbate could be an appropriate antioxidant substrate, with increased oral bioavailability, for patients with gastrointestinal disorders.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 1990

For the purpose of examing on the efficancy of the Boolwhangumjeonggisan and on the effect of the Boolwhangumjeonggisan, dropsy animals given water boil ding abstraction exgis power. What made an experiment, the motility of isolate ileume, anticathartic action, the action of gastric juice, tied pylous ulcer and inhibited vomitting. 1. Boolwhangumjeonggisan displayed great suppresion effect in regard to automatic movement of the motility of isolated of mice and displayed anti-acethylcholine action, antibarium chloride action. Thus, the origin of muscle relaxation for internal smooth muscle is admitted. 2. It displayed great rexation effect in regard to fraction of rat's stomach and displayed contentional effect in regard to a cetylcholine and barium chloride. 3. It decreased rat of barium sulfate transport through the small intestine of mice. 4. It recognized anti-cathartic action, rat suffered from leading diarrhea by caster oil. 5. Total activity, pepsin secretion decreased and increased the pH of stomach in Shay's method. 6. It recognized powerful prevention effect on tied pylous ulcer. 7. It inhibited vomitting by administration of CuSo4 in frog.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.171-176
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• 2003

In the study of general pharmacological action, we tested effect on spontaneous momentum, phenobarbital sleeping times, secretion of gastric juice, body temperature and movement of small intestine, etc. Using Pleurospermum kamtschaticum, Angelica tenuissima, Angelica gigas and Zanthoxylum schinifolium as samples to estimate adverse effects. In the study of general pharmacological action to estimate adverse effects, we observed no side effects of sample-treated groups against the control group.