• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2007

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• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.98-101
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• 1975

The components of Gardenia pigment in rind, flesh, fresh fruit and stored fruit, its heat resistance and stability in pH, its dilution and colour-degree were studied. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The components of CROCIN in fresh fruit and stored fruit were 0.0157% and 0.0136% respectively. One year storage of stored fruit resulted in the decrease of 15% of CROCIN. 2. The components of Gardenia pigment in flesh were contained nearly twice as much as in rind. 3. There were traces of ${\beta}-carotene$ and some unknown carotenoid pigments. 4. Gardenia pigment was stable at $100^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes, but, at $150^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes, nearly half of them was destructed. 5. Gardenia pigment turned to colurless but was stable in neutral or alkali condition after 10 days. 6. Supercially, dark Gardenia pigment looked yellowish red and thin Gardenia pigment looked yellow: however, each ${\lambda}_{max}$. was all the same.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.190-193
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• 2001

Genipin, aglycone of geniposide isolated from fruits of Gardenia jasminoides, was transformed into blue pigments through reaction with glycine and methylamine. The blue pigments formed from glycine-reacted genipin were passed through Bio-Gel P-2 resin yielding fractions GG1 and GG2, and those from methylamine-reacted genipin were separated into fractions GM1-GM4. The first eluted higher molecular-weight fractions, GG1 and GM1, had higher tinctorial strength than the later eluted lower molecular-weight fractions, GG2 and GM2-GM4, respectively. $^1H-NMR$ spectra of GG1 and GM1 showed very broad peaks indicating that structures of the pigments were highly polymeric. $^1H-NMR$ spectra of GG2, GM3, and GM4 showed several sharp peaks at aliphatic and aromatic regions with accompanying broad peaks, although the spectrum of GM2 was rather simple. Determination of the structural and physical nature of the isolated pigments is in progress.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 1998

Gardenia yellow pigment produced by Gardenia jasminoides Ellis was tested for reverse mutagenic test in Salmonella typhimurium stains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100 at concentrations raging form 6.25 to 200$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ per plate. No significant reverse mutagenic activity was observed in any of the S. typhimurium strains, in either presence or absence of S9 mix. There was no toxicity to the bacteria. These result indicate that yellow pigment doesn't have mutagenicity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.2 s.149
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• pp.108-112
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• 2007

We examined the inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidase (MAO) of Gardenia jasminoides in vitro and in vivo methods. Methanolic extract and ethylacetate fraction of Gardenia jasminoides fruit showed a significant inhibitory activity on MAO-A and MAO-B in vitro. The IC$_{50}$ values of each fraction on MAO-A and MAO-B are as fo11owed; total methanol extracts 1.23 and 1.34 mg/ml, EtOAc fraction 0.72 and 0.77 mg/ml. Water-soluble fraction also showed IC$_{50}$ values of 0.81 mg/ml on MAO-B. MAO-A activity was increased by the oral administration of ethanolic extract of G. jasminoides, while MAO-B activity was decreased. The concentration of serotonin of brain tissue administrated of ethanolic extract of G. jasminoides is slightly increased in rat. This tendency is not different from the activity of deprenyl which is a well known MAO inhibitor was used as a positive control. Consequently, we suggest that G. jasminoides may have the effects on the inhibitory activity against MAO This activity of G. jasminoides is considerable for development of functional materials for treatment and control of depression, dementia, Parkinson' disease, stress and promoting exercise, etc.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

To investigate natural dyeing properties of bast fiber, properties of pre mordanting dyeing of sappan wood, gardenia and gallnut such as K/S values, developed color, and fastness were evaluated. Silk showed the most increased K/S values by pre mordanting treatment when Fe was uses as a mordant. The optimized amount of Fe was 3%. The colors of sappan wood was a series of YR. After pre mordanting treatment with Fe, the colors of bast fiber of mulberry and silk showed a series of RP, and the color of cotton showed a series of Y. The color of gallnut was a series of Y regardless of pre mordant treatment. Sappon wood (YR), gardenia (Y), and gallnut (Y) showed various colors such as YR, R, and RP, respectively. Sunlight fastness was not improved by pre mordanting treatment. The effect of pre mordanting treatment was not good. Especially the treatment with Al showed poor sunlight fastness.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.241-245
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• 1997

In order to make natural food color from Gardenia, we investigated optimal conditions of color extraction, and thermal stability and light stability of color extracted compared with Yellow-4. In case of ethanol extraction, optimal conditions for color extraction were substrate 10%, 4$0^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0 and 42rs, respectively. In case of water extraction, optimal conditions for color extraction were substrate 10%, 7$0^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0 and 48hrs, respectively. Extraction yield in the optimal conditions was 75% in ethanol and 63% in water. The thermal stability and light stability of Yellow-4 were both upper 98%, but those of Gardenia yellow color were 62 and 90%, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.88-97
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• 2011

We carried out cationization of Dak pulp (paper mulberry bast fiber pulp) which is raw material of Hanji (Traditional Korean Paper) using a (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride to improve dyeability during a dyeing of Hanji with Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) and smoke tree (Cotinus coggygria). Fiber specific charge densities were determined using polyelectrolyte titration method and K/S values of dyed Hanji was calculated by Kubelka-Munk equation. As the result, fiber specific charge density increased with degree of cationization. Colors of Hanji dyed with Gardenia did not vary significantly with degree of cationization, but cationized Hanji dyed with smoke tree showed a large increase of a* value and reddish yellow color. After-mordanting did not decrease K/S value of dyes with cationized Hanji. K/S values of dyed Hanji decreased with increasing dyeing temperature. For smoke tree, the cationization impair lightfastness of dyed Hanji without mordant. After-mordanting with copper acetate or iron chloride improved lightfastness of dyed Hanji.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.155-161
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine the origin and daily dose of Gardeniae Fructus in Shanghanlun. Methods : Define the origin and daily dose of Gardeniae Fructus by searching Shanhanlun and Herbology Books(本草書). And Compared these with those of current Gardeniae Fructus. Results : According to Shanhanlun, the origin of Gardeniae Fructus is Gardenia jasminoides, but G. jasminoides f. longicarpa must excluded since originally it was used for dyeing. Among the 8 prescriptions containing Gardeniae Fructus, 15 Gardeniae Fructuses for the daliy dose in Chijabekpi-tang(Zhizibopi-tang) is assumed to be 14 Gardeniae Fructuses, as it is found 14 in many other prescriptions same in other prescriptions. The quantity of 14 Gardeniae Fructuses in Shananlun is 3 Ryang(兩), which is equal to 19.5 g in the current measurement. 1 Gardeniae Fructus is equal to 1.4 g. The length of the Gardeniae Fructus in the market which is produced in korea is 22-27 mm, and the diameter is 15-19 mm, whereas in China it is 20-25 mm, and the diameter is 13-18 mm. This meets the standard requirements of the Pharmacopoeia. Conclusions : As a result from above, the origin of Gardeniae Fructus is Gardenia jasminoides, but G. jasminoides f. longicarpa must be excluded. The recommended dose in a day is 14 Gardeniae Fructuses, which is equivalent to 19.5 g, the amount generally used in Shanhanlun.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2002

Natural gardenia and Japanese pagoda tree have been known as them of the most widely used yellow vegetable dyes. Cotton and silk fabrics(KS K 0905) were chosen as specimens. Those were dyed with natural gardenia and Japanese pagoda tree. The conditions of dyeing were varied according to the kinds of mordants, using mordants or not and the concentrations of the natural dyes. Sn, Al, Fe and Cu were chosen for the mordants. 5%(owf), 10%(owf), 15%(owf) and 20%(owf) were used as for the concentration of the natural dyes. The color differences were measured by the Spectrometer(UV-VIS-NIR) before and after dyeing. The results are as follows: 1. Deeper colors were proportionately shown up to the concentration of the natural dye. 2. Silk was shown the higher dye affinity than the cotton at the same concentration of the dye. 3. The color difference between the Sn-mordanted specimens and the Al-mordanted specimens were significant. When the concentration of the dye increased, the colors got darker, specially in b* value. 4. The color difference between the Fe-mordanted specimens and the Cu-mordanted specimens were significant in L* value and b* value. 5. The deeper or lighter yellow were controllable under the concentration of the natural dye and the mordants. 6. The most effective and the economic concentration of the natural dye was 10% owf through the experiments.