• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.127-145
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• 2013

This study estimates the economic impact of sea-level rise on Jeju island and suggests the optimal protection level based on the FUND model. There exist a number of studies that estimate the impacts of sea-level rise on global scale, but their results are of limited use for local scale such as Korea. Therefore, this study applies some specific indicators and data of Korea into to FUND model for deriving site specific estimates. The results show that 2.01%~2.25% of land could be inundated by sea-level rise until 2100. The value of affected land is about 6.4%~7.2% of total land value. The discrepancy between the figures indicates that the area affected by sea-level rise is much more valuable than the rest of Jeju island. The optimal protection level in Jeju city is higher than that in Seguipo city, even though the coastal length of Jeju city is longer than that of Seguipo. This is due to the fact that the economic value of Jeju city is much higher than that of Seoguipo city.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.359-398
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• 2017

Uncertainty is central to energy and climate policy. A growing number of literature show that almost all components of energy and climate models are, to some extent, uncertain and that the effect of uncertainty on the model outputs, in turn policy recommendations, is significantly large. Most existing energy and climate-economy models developed and used in Korea, however, do not take uncertainty into account explicitly. Rather, many models conduct a deterministic analysis or do a simple (limited) sensitivity analysis. In order to help social planners to make more robust decisions (across various plausible situations) on energy and climate change issues, an uncertainty analysis should be conducted. As a first step, this paper reviews the theory of decision making under uncertainty and the method for addressing uncertainty of existing probabilistic energy and climate-economy models. In addition, the paper proposes a strategy to apply an uncertainty analysis to energy and climate-economy models used in Korea. Applying the uncertainty analysis techniques, this paper revises the FUND model and investigates the impacts of climate change in Korea.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.53-80
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate individual awareness variables influencing emotional, normative, and functional marriage intentions of unmarried men and women. Independent variables were values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, perceptions and availabilities of marriage-related policies, views on the marriageable age, psychological burdens of pressure to marriage by significant people, and views on parents' support for marriage fund. Method: 553 unmarried men and women in Daegu, Korea were surveyed, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA), multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS 22.0. Results: First, this study was more exploratory and in-depth approach to marriage intentions than precedent studies. The sub factors of marriage intentions were emotional, normative, and functional marriage ones. Second, emotional marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, dating, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, and psychological burdens of pressure to marriage personally or by friends influenced emotional marriage intention. Third, normative marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, religion, occupational status, employment condition, dating, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, values of offspring, perception to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, view on the marriageable age, availabilities of marriage-related information offering policies, and psychological burdens of pressure to marriage by mother influenced normative marriage intention. Fourth, functional marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, job, parents' support for marriage fund, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, functional marriage intention was influenced by values of offspring, perception about unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Finally, the hierarchical regression analysis showed that individual awareness variables influenced on marriage intentions. Especially, values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried, and attitudes toward multiple role planning influenced on emotional, normative, and functional marriage intentions in common. Conclusions: The findings from these analyses suggest that the selective process based on the individual awareness has become very significant to having marriage intentions. Therefore, this study will contribute as the basic data on national marriage-related policies. Furthermore, this study will be able to use to think about the marriage intention as a task to be preceded by the national policy in order to prepare for Korea 's low fertility and aging phenomenon.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.311-340
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• 1996

This paper investigates the determinants of discounts on closed-end mutual funds. Empirical tests on a panel of closed-end mutual funds show that the magnitude of discounts seems to be unequal for different types of funds. I find strong evidence on tax-timing option effect even after controlling for other variables which have been theorized to be important in determining discounts on closed-end mutual funds. Also, the uncertainty about the value of underlying assets in the fund's portfolio has a significant influence on discounts.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.676-678
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• 2003

The present support for local coal generator amounts to above 100 billion won every year by electricity fund collected from general consumer. This paper presents the appropriate supporting policy for local coal generator in TWBP market in the future.

• Korea Petroleum Association Journal
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• no.12 s.202
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• pp.18-24
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• 1997

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1974

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.6 s.22
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• pp.218-225
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• 2004

The supply for the apartment complex in Korea has been accomplished by the sale before building system as a way of institutional means to support massive housing supply in the past. Although this sale before building system has helped the provision of the housing, the necessity of that has been weakened in the current housing market. As this market is changed to emphasize on consumer, the necessity of conversion to sale after building system was raised and finally enforced partially. However, the sale after building system has difficulty in ensuring construction fund and the safety of housing business. So, the diversification in the style of business structure we and the strategy for the activation of construction fund will solve these problems. Consequently, this essay examine the change and influence in the construction fund after adopting sale after building system and suggest the appropriate strategy in project financing for providing fund and reducing the risk in construction business.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

This study reviews the current conditions of the completed 'Ecosystem Conservation Fund Return Project' sites to suggest management methods for their conservation and sustainability. For the scope of the study, five microsites of completed return projects in Seoul were selected and their project planning documents were reviewed to help with site surveying and analysis. To increase the accuracy of the site surveying and analysis, and to evaluate the management problems from different perspectives, the site managers were interviewed in-depth. The experts were surveyed as well to develop a realistic and practical improvement method. The survey results helped to categorize the post-management problems, and separate improvement methods were suggested for each category. First, the post-management guidelines are proposed for the ecosystem-based environment/ecosystem environment, user management, and monitoring. These guidelines will increase the expertise and practicality of the management principles. Second, the regulations for the participation of expert management enterprises and the development of separate monitoring or maintenance management team are suggested. These regulations will improve the participation of experts and consistency of management systems. Third, the post monitoring or maintenance management during the year after the project completion should be set as a separate project to secure budget. Furthermore, policies and/or institutions should be established to set a portion of ecosystem conservation return fund or a grant for post monitoring and maintenance management. Forth, as a way of adaptive management, at least more than three years of post-management should be evaluated under detailed categories and vigorous standard to improve the institutional operation for 'Ecosystem Conservation Fund Return Projects'.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.118-126
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• 2013

We investigated the major trends in health aid financing in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) by identifying the primary donor organizations and examining several data sources to track overall health aid trends. We collected gross disbursements from bilateral donor countries and international organizations toward the DPRK according to specific health sectors by using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development creditor reporting system database and the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs financial tracking service database. We analyzed sources of health aid to the DPRK from the Republic of Korea (ROK) using the official records from the ROK's Ministry of Unification. We identified the ROK, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) as the major donor entities not only according to their level of health aid expenditures but also their growing roles within the health sector of the DPRK. We found that health aid from the ROK is comprised of funding from the Inter-Korean Cooperation Fund, private organizations, local governments, and South Korean branches of international organizations such as WHO and UNICEF. We also distinguished medical equipment aid from developmental aid to show that the majority of health aid from the ROK was developmental aid. This study highlights the valuable role of the ROK in the flow of health aid to the DPRK, especially in light of the DPRK's precarious international status. Although global health aid from many international organizations has decreased, organizations such as GFATM and UNFPA continue to maintain their focus on reproductive health and infectious diseases.