• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.38-54
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• 2001

A finite difference method for calculating turbulent flow and surface wave fields around a ship model is evaluated through the comparison with the experimental data of a Series 60 $C_B$=0.6 ship model. The method solves the Reynolds-averaged Navior-Stokes Equations using the non-staggered grid system, the four-stage Runge-Kutta scheme for the temporal integration of governing equations and the Bladwin-Lomax model for the turbulence closure. The free surface waves are captured by solving the equation of the kinematic free-surface condition using the Lax-Wendroff scheme and free-surface conforming grids are generated at each time step so that one of the grid surfaces coincides always with the free surface. The computational results show an overall close agreement with the experimental data and verify that the present method can simulate well the turbulent boundary layers and wakes as well as the free-surface waves.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2000

Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are numerically solved using a secondorder finite difference method for the analysis of turbulent flows around single and tandem hydrofoils advancing under the free surface. The location of the free surface, not known a priori, is computed from the kinematic free surface condition and the computational grid is conformed at each iteration to the free surface deformation. The eddy viscosity model of Baldwin-Lomax is employed for the turbulence closure. The method is validated through the comparision of the numerical results with the experimental data for a single hydrofoil of a Joukowski foil section. A computational study is also carried out to investigate the effect of the submergence depth and the Froude number on the lift and the drag of the hydrofoil. For tandem hydrofoils, computations are performed for several separation distances between the forward and aft foils to see the interference effect. The result shows clearly how the lift and drag change with the separation distance.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 1998년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.145-155
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• 1998

A computer code has been developed for the computation of the viscous flow around a ship model with the free surface. In this code, the incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically by a finite difference method which employes second-order finite differences for the spatial discretization and a four-stage Runge-Kutta scheme for the temporal integration of the governing equations. For the turbulence closure, a modified version of the Baldwin-Lomax model is exploited. The location of the free surface is determined by solving the equation of the kinematic free-surface condition using the Lax-Wendroff scheme and the boundary-fitted grid is generated at each time step so that one of the grid surfaces always coincides with the free surface. An inviscid approximation of the dynamic free-surface boundary condition is applied as the boundary conditions for the velocity and pressure on the free surface. To validate the computational method and the computer code developed in the present study, the numerical computations are carried out for both Wigley parabolic hull and Series 60 $C_B=0.6$ ship model and the computational results are compared with the experimental data.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2015

This paper describes a volume of fluid(VOF) method, mRHRIC for the simulation of free surface flows around ship hulls and provides its validation against benchmark test cases. The VOF method is developed on the basis of RHRIC method developed by Park et al. that uses high resolution differencing schemes to algebraically preserve both the sharpness of interface and the boundedness of volume fraction. A finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations, while the realizable ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model is used for turbulence closure. The present numerical results of the resistance performance tests for DTMB5415 and KCS hull forms show a good agreement with available experimental data and those of other free surface methods.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.583-592
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• 2005

The turbulent free surface flow around a self-propelled KRISO 138K LNG Carrier is numerically simulated using the finite volume based multi-block RANS code, WAVIS developed at HRISO. The realizable k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model with a wail function is employed for the turbulence closure. The free surface is captured with the Level-Set method and body forces are used to model the effects of a propeller without resolving the detail blade flow. In order to obtain an accurate free surface solution and stable convergence, the computations are executed with a proper fine grid refinement around the free surface and with an adoption of implicit discretization scheme for the Level-Set formulation. The computed velocity vectors at the several stations and wave patterns show a good agreement with the experimental results measured at the KRISO towing tank.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2004

The viscous free surface flow around KRISO container ship (KCS) is computed using the finite volume based multi block RANS code, WAVIS developed at KRISO. The free surface is captured with the Level-Set method and the realizable k-$\varepsilon$ model is employed for turbulence closure. The computations are carried out at model scale. For accurate free surface solution and its stable convergence the computations are performed with a suitable grid refinement around the free surface by applying an implicit discretization method based on a finite volume method to the Level-Set formulation. In all computational cases the numerical results agree well with experimental measurements.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 비압축성 Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes 방정식을 수치 해석하여 자유표면을 포함한 선체 주위의 난류 유동을 계산하였다. 정규격자 상에서 공간의 이산화는 2차 정도의 유한차분법을, 시간의 적분에는 4단계 Runge-Kutta법을 이용하였고, 난류 닫힘 조건을 만족시키기 위해 Baldwin-Lomax 난류 모형을 사용하였다. 자유표면의 위치는 운동학적 경계조건식을 Lax-Wendroff법으로 풀어서 구하였고, 자유표면과 격자 경계면을 일치시키기 위해 매 시간마다 새로 계산된 자유표면 위치에 맞추어 격자를 새로 구성하였다. 속도와 압력에 대한 경계조건은 자유표면에서 점성을 무시하여 근사한 동역학적 조건을 적용해서 구하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 수치해법을 검증하기 위하여 실험자료가 많은 Wigley 선형과 Sries 60 $C_B=0.6$ 선형에 대해 수치계산을 수행하였고 계산된 선체 주위의 파형이 실험 결과와 잘 일치하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2012

This paper presents the numerical results of a simulation of the free surface flow around a blunt bow ship model and focuses on the validation of the proposed method with a brief investigation of the relation between the resistance and free surface behavior. A finite volume method based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach is used to solve the governing flow equations, where the free surface, including wave breaking,is captured by using a two-phase Level-Set (LS) method. For turbulence closure, a two equation k-${\varepsilon}$ model with the standard wall function technique is used. Finally, the numerical results are compared with the available experimental data, showing good agreement.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 1995

In this study, a contact algorithm for the finite element analysis of free surface contact problem in materials forming is presented. The proposed contact algorithm consists of two parts. The first is the contact searching part, and the second, the constraint part. The contact searching algorithm does not require any a priori knowledge of the pairs of contact nodes or segments and the impenetrability constraint is satisfied using the penalty function scheme. void colsure in open-die forging was simulated to verify the accuracy and capability of the currently developed contact algorithm. The simulation results, obtained from ABAQUS simulation, were compared well to the experimental data available in the literature.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.349-360
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 3차원 점성 흐름에 적용될 수 있는 비정수압 자유수면 모형을 수평방향 직교 곡선좌표계에서 개발하였다. 개발된 수치모형은 엇갈린 격자를 사용함으로써 발생되는 자유수면에서의 경계조건 종결 문제를 수면층 방정식을 도입하여 해결하였으며, 난류의 유동 해석을 위한 폐합식으로 등방성의 k-${\varepsilon}$ 난류모형을 이용하였다. 본 연구에서 운동량방정식은 이송-확산항만으로 중간단계의 유속을 예측하고, 압력 및 중력을 포함하는 생성항과 연속방정식을 결합하여 다음 시간단계의 유동장을 결정하는 계산 단계 분리법을 이용하였다. 수치모형의 적용성 평가를 위하여 폐쇄된 2차원 수조에서의 취송류, 급경사를 가지는 2차원 수로에서의 흐름, 원심력에 의한 이차류 흐름특성 분석을 위한 3차원 급변 만곡류에 대한 모의를 실시하였다. 수치모의 예측치는 수리모형 실험값과 수위, 유속, 난류특성 등에서 일치하는 양상을 보이는 것이 확인되었다.