• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 1997

The characteristics on the transtion probabilities and periodicity for the daily precipitation occurrence in Korean peninsula are investigated by applying the Markov chain properties to daily precipitation occurrence. In order to examine the responses of Markov Chain properties to the applied period and their magnitudes, three cases (Case A: 1956~ 1985 at 14 stations, Case B: 1965~ 1994 at 14 stations, and Case C: 1985~ 1994 at 63 stations) are considered In this study. The transition probabilities from wet day to wet day for all cases are about 0.50 and in summer, especially July, are higher. In addition, considering them in each station we can find that they are the highest at Ullung-do and lowest at Inchon for all cases. The annual equilibrium probabilities of a wet day appear 0.31 In Case A, 0.30 Case B, and 0. 29 Case C, respectively. This may explain that as the data-period used becomes shorter, the higher the equilibrium probability is. The seasonal distributions of equilibrium probabilities are appeared the lowest(0.23~0.28) in winter and the highest(more than 0.39) in spring and monthly in .truly and in October, repectively. The annual mean wet duration for all cases is 2.04 days in Case A, 1.99 Case B, and 1.89 Case C, repectively. The weather cycle obtained from the annual mean wet and dry duration is 6.54~6.59 days, which are closely associated with the movement of synoptic systems. And the statistical tests show that the transitions of daily precipitation occurrence for all cases may have two-state first Markov chain property, being the stationarity in time and heterogeneity in space.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2003

Purpose: According as the accessibility about drugs becomes various, the occurrence of drug intoxication is increasing. Since report that doxylamine causes rhabdomyolysis often, drug-induced rhabdomyolysis is one of the most important complications in patients with drug intoxication. Acute renal failure (ARF)'s availability is important to the management in rhabdomyolysis, but report about rhabdomyolysis or ARF occurrence for whole intoxicated drugs is lacking up to now. Methods: This research did to 61 patient who had rhabdomyolysis of drug intoxication. First, object patients were divided into two gruops: doxylamine-ingested (Group I) vs non-doxylamine ingested (Group II). And then we analyzed on the early patient's clinical events and laboratory data. We used ROC curve to recognize'the early clinical factors that could forecast ARF appearance among these patients in addition. Results: Almost rhabdomyolysis was happened by doxylamine in drug intoxication ($55.7\%$). However, as compared to group II, group I showed better clinical course, lesser ARF occurrence and hemodialysis requirement. In group II, time was longer in hospital reaching from intoxication, the ARF occurrence rate was higher ($52.6\%$). Analyzing the ROC curve to useful initial factors, they were creatinine, uric acid and interval time from ingestion to hospital. These cut-off values were 1.44 mg/dL, 6.8 mg/dL and 5 hrs. Sensitivity for ARF estimate was $100\%$, specificity $69-98\%$. Conclusion: Compared to group II, Doxylamine-ingested group showed good clinical course. Creatinine, uric acid, interval time from ingestion to hospital aided in ARF estimate in drug-induced rhabdomyolysis.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.187-205
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• 2012

In this study, 150 previous studies of young children's challenging behavior, conducted over the past 10 years, from 2003 to 2012, were selected. These studies were in relation to young children both with and without disabilities, and they were thus used for the purposes of comparative analysis. The major findings are as follows. First, research on challenging behavior not only of young children with disabilities but also of those without disabilities has been an increasing trend from 2008. While most studies of those without disabilities were based on observations by parents or teachers using a variety of tools, studies regarding those with disabilities mainly used single-subject research methods using an operational definition. Second, the bulk of the studies of young children without disabilities were focused on interaction between various children's internal variables and a variety of parent-related variables related to the occurrence of challenging behavior. In comparison, studies of young children with disabilities were focused excessively on direct intervention after the occurrence of problems. Regarding those without disabilities, the interaction between children's temperament, internal variables, and their mothers' parenting behavior, external variables were the main areas of interest for these researchers. There is clearly a growing need for more active research aimed at the prevention of challenging behavior. Challenging behavior in early childhood has an influence not only on each child's present and future academic achievement levels and their quality of life but also on the quality of instruction in classroom available to all children.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2011

This study has been conducted to provide the basic materials about the occurrence structures, causes and choice of treatments of the traffic accident offenders' PTSD(Posttraumatic Stress Disorder). The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, accident offenders', not victims', PTSD conditions, which has been only estimated until now, are measured by nationwide questioning survey. Second, accident offenders' changes of driving attitude after accidents could be typed by factors analysis in the 20 driving situations closely connected to the occurrence of traffic accidents. Third, by the t-test, the difference of driving attitudes in primary driving situations according to existence of PTSD is distinguished. Six driving situations, which are found significant by t-test, are applied to structural equation. So the variables related to PTSD and the models which analyze the attitude changes of driving are constructed. This study provides the basic materials to help the reduction and prevention of the occurrence of PTSD.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.889-904
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• 2006

Our purpose is to ascertain, if possible, whether atomic bomb survivors with cataracts and epilation were more radiosensitive than those survivors with cataracts but without epilation. A major ophthalmologic survey was conducted in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1963-64. At that time, 2125 individuals were examined. Among these individuals, estimated eye organ doses, based on the DS86 dosimetry system, and information on the occurrence of epilation within the first 60 days following the bombings are available on 1742. In the analysis of these data we have assumed that each individual represents a sample of one from a binomial distribution, and that the occurrence of cataracts and epilation are independent biological phenomena. We got following results. The threshold for cataract induction and its 95% confidence limits have been estimated from data on the occurrence of cataract and epilation. Among the 1742 study subjects, 40 had both cataracts and severe epilation. The estimated threshold based on these cases is 0.98 sievert(Sv), with 95% lower and upper confidence bounds of 0.72, and 1.32 Sv, respectively, and is highly statistically significant. Among the 27 cases of cataracts where severe epilation was not reported, the estimated threshold is 1.74 Sv with 95% lower and upper confidence bounds of 1.21 Sv, and "not estimable". The difference between these two estimates is not statistically significant although the effect of dose is highly significant in both instances. The potential importance of biases in the DS86 dose estimates is discussed. The difference between the threshold estimated from cataract cases with epilation and that from cases without epilation is not statistically significant at the 5% or 10% level, and thus affords no support for the notion of increased radiosensitivity.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate the correlation between the causes of natural disasters and feng shui factors targeting disaster management experts, feng shui experts, and the general public who are interested in feng shui. To this end, it is intended to reveal that the factors of the disaster at Mt. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of three factors on disasters: feng shui factors, natural factors, and social factors. To this end, a survey was conducted targeting feng shui experts, disaster management experts, master's and doctoral students in feng shui geography, residents of the Umyeonsan disaster area, and people interested in feng shui geography. 260 copies of the questionnaire were prepared and 248 copies were used for the final analysis. First, in order to analyze the impact of feng shui factors on awareness of disaster occurrence, after controlling for demographic variables, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the impact of feng shui factors on awareness of disaster occurrence. Second, as a result of analyzing the effect of natural factors on awareness of disaster occurrence, looking at each independent variable in the second-stage regression analysis. Third, as a result of analyzing the effect of social factors on awareness of disaster occurrence, looking at each independent variable in the second-stage regression analysis. Finally, as a result of the T-test and Anova analysis conducted for discriminant analysis, if the p-value was less than .005, the F value for each group was obtained as a result of the ANOVA analysis on the feng-shui factors

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2017

As for the current state of college taekwondo athletes' sport injury, times of occurrence and major causes showed differences in weight class and career, while situations of occurrence had differences in grade, weight class, and career. As for the measures to improve their coping ability, first aid showed differences in grade, while prevention of injury had differences in grade and career. Treatment methods turned out to have no differences. For college taekwondo athletes, sport injury occurred during exercise, mostly when they fell. In addition, lack of skill was the greatest major cause of sport injury. As for the sport injury coping ability, ice massage was used as first aid and self-massage was performed. For prevention of injury, sufficient fatigue recovery was considered to be the priority of prevention of injury.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2017

This study was carried out two surveys in 2015 to monitor weed occurrence and determine the most troublesome weeds in peach orchards of Korea. The first survey identified 56 taxa belonging to 23 families including 27 annuals, 11 biennials, and 18 perennials. Based on importance values, Conyza canadensis (5.12%), Plantago asiatica (4.17%), and Trifolium repens (3.86%) were the dominant weeds in the first survey (from April to June). Seventeen exotic weeds were identified in the first survey, including Conyza canadensis, Trifolium repens, and Chenopodium ficifolium. The second survey (from September to October) identified 42 weeds belonging to 19 families including 23 annuals, 5 biennials, and 14 perennials. According to importance values, Digitaria ciliaris (8.00%) was the most dominant weed, followed by Echinochloa utilis (6.61%) and Rorippa palustris (6.48%). There were 12 exotic weeds, including Taraxacum officinale, Rumex crispus, and Trifolium repens. Additionally, according to Braun-Blanquet's scale showed that the dominance value was level 1 (41.98% and 46.43%, respectively) in two surveys. Currently, 40% of the total surveyed peach orchards applied herbicides for weed control. These results could provide basic data to assist orchardists in selecting the most suitable weed management methods; thereby, reducing labor inputs and effectively lowering costs while improving fruit yields in peach orchards of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.338-341
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• 2015

Necrotizing sialometaplasia usually heals within 4 to 10 weeks with conservative treatment, and rarely recurs. When necrotizing sialometaplasia is present on the hard palate it may occur unilaterally or bilaterally. In this case, necrotizing ulceration occurred on the left hard palate of a 36-year-old woman after root canal treatment of the upper left first premolar under local anesthesia. After only saline irrigation the defect of the lesion completely healed and filled with soft tissue. After 5 months, however, a similar focal necrosis was found on the contralateral hard palate without any dental treatment having been performed on that side and progressed in similar fashion as the former lesion. We conducted an incisional biopsy and obtained a final pathological diagnosis for the palatal mass of necrotizing sialometaplasia. At the 3-year follow-up, the patient's oral mucosa of the hard palate was normal, without any signs and symptoms of the condition. We report a case of a second occurrence of necrotizing sialometaplasia on the contralateral side from the first, with a time lapse between the first and second occurrence.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.275-284
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• 2020

We provide the first study on the occurrence of microplastics in Dal lake, Kashmir, India. Microplastics act as catastrophe that trigger many environmental problems. The key origins of microplastics are larger plastics, which split into smaller plastics after UV light disintegration. There is relatively little work carried out on the existence of microplastics. The present work has been undertaken on the occurrence of microplastics at four pre-selected sites (surface water) in Dal lake, Kashmir. The samples were taken to the laboratory to dissolve organic matter by using H2O2 (6%). To speed up the organic digestion; the treated mixture was heated on a hot plate at 70℃. The mixture was then subjected to density separation. The supernatant obtained was observed under the microscope (10X) and measurements were taken. At site-I, the microplastics ranged from 2-3 mm, site-II 5-6 mm, site-III 3-4 mm, site-IV 4-5 mm in thickness, indicating the presence of microplastics in the lake. The presence of microplastics indicated that the lake has undergone an anthropogenic change over a period of time. Our research highlights the value of enhancing the quality of the drainage system and sewage disposal. This work can be helpful to recognize successful microplastic control management techniques and possible threats associated with the Dal lake. So far, no such data on the presence of microplastics in Kashmir lakes is available.