• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.77-82
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• 1989

In this study the oxygen index method was used to compare the duration of flaming and the rate of weight loss at the level of 6 and 9mm panel thicknesses among solid wood, plywood, particleboard, and medium density fiberboard. The obtained results were as follows: 1. In 9mm-thick panels, the combustibility was the largest in lauan solid wood followed by medium density fiberboard. particleboard. and plywood. 2. Medium density fiberboard was burned more easily than plywood in 6mm-thick panels and the higher oxygen concentration was needed as the panel thickness increased. 3. The oxygen indices of 9mm-thick panels were 29.0 in lauan solid wood, 31.4 in medium density fiberboard, 33.0 in particleboard, and 33.4 in plywood and those of 6mm-thick panels were 28.3 in medium density fiberboard and 29.7 in plywood. 4. The rate of weight loss was the largest in lauan solid wood followed by medium density fiberboard, plywood, and particleboard.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2003

In order to design the high strength corrugated fiberboard containers for agricultural products that can be used for the cold chain system, a large number of individual boxes were placed in various humidity environments at two different temperature of 5 and $20^{\circ}C$. The results indicated that temperature changes do not effect on physical strength of corrugated fiberboard containers as much as humidity changes did. The main conclusion from this study was that compression strength of corrugated fiberboard containers dropped significantly at high humidity condition, but the rates varied depending on the number of walls, temperature, and perimeter of containers. The packaging designer must consider the corrugated fiberboard boxes are also greatly affected by dimensional variations such as the length versus width ratio. Based on this study, water-resistant board would not be necessary if the ambient relative humidity does not reach to a critical point, 85 percent in the cold chain system. However, the designer must count for the unexpected fluctuation of rotative humidity resulting in severe loss of the compression strength of corrugated fiberboard container.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권3호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2009

이 논문은 VAR 모형과 계량경제모형으로 섬유판 수요를 추정하고 예측정확성을 비교하였으며, VAR 모형을 이용하여 섬유판 수요의 분산분해와 충격반응을 분석하고, 섬유판 수요를 예측하였다. VAR모형은 소비량, 자체가격, 건설업총생산의 시차변수와 더미변수로 구성되어 있고, 계량경제모형은 자체가격, 비목재가격, 건설업총생산, 더미변수로 구성되어 있다. 더미변수는 1990년대 말에 발생한 구제금융의 영향을 반영하였다. 결과에 의하면 섬유판 수요예측은 VAR모형이 계량경제모형보다 더 효율적이다. VAR모형을 이용하여 섬유판 수요의 분산을 분해한 결과에 의하면 섬유판 최종소비처의 산출수준을 나타내는 건설업총생산의 변화가 약 12개월 후에 섬유판 수요변화의 약 50%를 설명하고, 자체가격의 변화가 약 30%를 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 건설업총생산이 자체가격보다 섬유판 수요에 더 큰 영향을 미친다. 한편 건설업총생산의 충격에 대한 섬유판 수요의 반응은 12개월 동안 서서히 감소하는 반면에 자체가격의 충격에 대한 반응은 6개월이 지나면 거의 사라진다. 즉 건설업총생산이 자체가격보다 섬유판 수요에 더 오래 영향을 미친다. VAR모형을 이용하여 예측한 섬유판의 수요는 건설투자의 증가로 인하여 연평균 약 1.4%씩 증가하여 2010년에 약 220만$m^3$, 2015년에 약 240만$m^3$가 될 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.297-301
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• 2003

농산물의 저온저장 및 고습조건에서 안전하게 유통할 수 있는 골판지 포장상자를 개발하기 위하여 원지의 구성, 라이너의 발수도, 골형태의 차이에 따라 수분흡습 특성과 압축강도와의 관계를 구명하기 위해 각각 원지특성을 달리하여 이중 양면 골판지를 재료로 사용하여 시험하였다. 온도변화에 따른 골판지 함수율 변화는 골판지 원지 종류, 발수도 차이등에 관계없이 거의 일정한 값을 나타냈다. 상대습도 변화에 따른 골판지의 함수율 변화는 상대습도에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며 골판지의 수분흡습은 발수도 보다는 원지에 구성에 따라 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 수직압축강도는 상대습도가 증가함에 따라 크게 감소하여 상대습도가 수직압축강도에 미치는 영향이 매우 크며 상대습도가 증가함에 따른 수직압축강도의 저하비율은 골판지의 종류에 관계없이 거의 같은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 저온고습 조건에서 안전하게 내용물을 보호할 수 있는 저온유통용 농산물 골판지 상자의 개선을 위해서는 고품질 원지의 생산기술 개발 및 골판지 상자의 구조개선 연구가 우선되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2012

Purpose: The compression strength of corrugated fiberboard containers used to package agricultural products rapidly decreases owing to various environmental factors encountered during the distribution of unitized products. The main factors affecting compression strength are moisture absorption, long-term top load, and fatigue caused by shock and vibration during transport. This study characterized the durability of corrugated fiberboard containers for packaging fruits and vegetables under simulated transportation conditions. Methods: Compression tests were done after corrugated fiberboard containers containing fruit were vibrated by an electro-dynamic vibration test system using the power spectral density of routes typically traveled to transport fruits and vegetables in South Korea. Results: To predict loss of compression strength owing to vibration fatigue, a multiple nonlinear regression equation ($r^2=0.9217$, $RMSE=0.6347$) was developed using three independent variables of initial container compression strength, namely top stacked weight, loading weight, and vibration time. To test the applicability of our model, we compared our experimental results with those obtained during a road test in which peaches were transported in corrugated containers. Conclusions: The comparison revealed a highly significant ($p{\leq}0.05$) relationship between the experimental and road-test results.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.115-127
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to develop a standard to estimate safety factors of corrugated fiberboard containers used for agricultural products. This study is limited to fresh agricultural products packaged in the corrugated fiberboard containers and further work needs to be done, but we believe the data and results obtained by this research will greatly help to set proper package design for boxes. Especially, safety factor would be practically helpful for researchers for future study and packaging users to save packaging costs.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.290-307
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to estimate adverse effect on compression strength of corrugated fiberboard containers due to vibration during distribution process. Distribution environment such as road conditions and compression strength of corrugated fiberboard containers for selected agricultural products were studied. We found that increasing humidity does not effect significantly on natural frequencies of boxes, but results in accelerative effect to decrease compression strength of boxes. Box structures and product types also effect on loss of compression strength greatly.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권1호통권113호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2006

This study was carried out to measure and analyze the storage condition, distribution route, and packaging method of four selected agricultural products(small tomato, cabbage, peach, and carrot) in the cold chain system. It was shown that dew-forming phenomenon by fruits and vegetables deteriorates the agricultural product quality and physical properties of corrugated fiberboard box during the cold chain system. The compressive strength deterioration in corrugated fiberboard boxes was much greater for single wall(SW) corrugated fiberboard containers than for double wall(DW) in low temperature-high humidity condition. To reduce the deterioration of box and dew-forming phenomenon, water-repellency treatment should be over $R_6$. However, water-resistant treatment of corrugated fiberboard containers would be effective under high relative humidity conditions more than 75% RH. It was suggested that functional corrugated fiberboard box packaging would be an optimum method to reduce the deterioration of agricultural products quality by. It was also achieved controlling the relative humidity and temperature during the storage and physical distribution process.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1991

This study was carried out to determine the withdrawal strength of various screws according to root diameter of screw and embeded length on the face and edge of domestic particleboard and medium density fiberboard. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The withdrawal strength of screw in domestic particleboard and medium density fiberboard was closely related to embeded length of the screw but less dependent on root diameter of the screw. 2. The withdrawal strength on the face and edge of domestic particleboard could be predicted by means of the following expression: $F_{Pf}=4.60{\times}D^{0.24}{\times}L^{1.14}(R^2=0.87)$ $F_{Pe}=0.54{\times}D^{0.43}{\times}L^{1.73}(R^2=0.84)$ Where: $F_{Pf}$ : withdrawal strength on the face of particleboard(kgf) $F_{Pe}$=withdrawal strength on the edge of particleboard(kgf) D=diameter of the screw(mm) L=embeded length(mm) 3. The withdrawal strength on the face and edge of domestic medium density fiberboard could he predicted by means of the following expression: $FM_f=1.53{\times}D^{0.53}{\times}L^{1.39}(R^2=0.93)$ $F_{Me}=1.14{\times}D^{0.66}{\times}L^{1.36}(R^2=0.87)$ where: $F_{Mf}$ = withdrawal strength on the face of medium density fiberboard(kgf) $F_{Mf}$=withdrawal strength on the edge of medium density fiberboard(kgf).

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2009