• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 2000

There were some controversies about direct cause of hip fracture. We attempted to look at 40 osteoporotic proximal femur fractures in women over 50 years between March in 1999 and Febuary in 2000. The bone density of the fracture group and the healthy 85 control group was measured by Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). The result was compared using age matched paired T test. The results were as follows ; 1. The femoral neck fractures were 14 cases and the trochanteric fractures were 26 cases. Mean age at a fracture was 67.1 years in neck fracture group and 76.5 years in trochanteric fracture. 2. In the control group, the bone density of both side of the proximal femur was measured and it showed statistically no difference between both sides in same person. 3. The bone density of neck, Ward's triangle, trochanter(P<0.05) and lumbar spine(P<0.001) was significantly reduced in the proximal femoral fracture group comparing with the control group. 4. The bone density of neck, Ward's triangle, trochanter(P<0.05) was significantly reduced in the proximal femoral neck fracture group comparing with the control group, but there was no statistical difference in lumbar spine comparing with the control group. 5. The bone density of neck, Ward's triangle, trochanter and lumbar spine(P<0.001) was significantly reduced in the proximal femoral neck fracture group comparing with the control group. We concluded that the bone mineral densities(BMD) of proximal femur and lumbar spine had decreased in hip fractures but that the bone mineral density and T-score % of the proximal femur were statistically lower than that of the lumbar spine. We suggest that measuring the bone mineral density of the proximal femur may reflect the weakness of the proximal femur more precisely than measuring the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.298-302
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• 2016

In bone density examinations, a change in the measured BMD occurs owing to the differences between the measured areas. To address this problem, we aimed to develop a new auxiliary device that could be rotated by $15^{\circ}$ by fixing the ankle to the distal femur neck. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of BMD examinations were performed once a year, but 10 patients were examined over three sessions to analyze the area for measuring the femur neck BMD. The goal of this test was to determine the device's reliability, and the results were expressed in terms of the standard deviation of measurements. After performing bone density measurements using the new auxiliary device on 10 normal patients, with three measurements for each patient, the obtained standard deviation was 0.03. The standard deviation of the measured BMD was 0.19 when using the currently existing auxiliary device, while the standard deviation of the measured BMD was 0.03 when using the new auxiliary device. By using the new auxiliary device, the standard deviation could be reduced by ~80%. Accurate rotation of the femur neck was possible in all examinations, and the standard deviation of BMD measurements could be reduced by up to 80% compared with the measurements performed using the currently existing auxiliary device. We hope that this advantageous new design can be used as a standard auxiliary device for measuring the femur neck BMD.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.92-95
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• 2008

Purpose: Heterotopic ossification in pressure sore patients is reported to rarely develop, but once it occurs, it frequently causes joint stiffness and mobilization restriction. The aim of this article is to report our experience of atypical bone growing at femur neck fracture site with chronic, extensive pressure sore in patient with paraplegia secondary to spinal injury. Methods: A 28-year-old male patient presented with atypical bone growth at femur neck fracture site with pressure sore. He had undergone atypical growth bone removal and separation of united iliac bone and femur, and then pressure sore was covered by advanced rotation flap. Results: The patient mobilized hip joint and rode in a wheelchair. Complications such as dehiscence, infection, hematoma and flap necrosis did not occur. Conclusion: We experienced successful correction of atypical bone growth removal and recovery of pressure sore. We report our experience of atypical bone growth of fracture site and the related literature was reviewed.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between body compositions and bone mineral density in young women and postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. Methods : Eleven young women (age, $25.85{\pm}1.96yrs$; height, $160.28{\pm}2.16cm$; weight, $56.89{\pm}9.66kg$) and ten postmenopausal women (age, $25.85{\pm}1.96yrs$; height, $160.28{\pm}2.16cm$; weight, $56.89{\pm}9.66kg$) with low bone density on femur neck were participated in this study. All subjects performed the measure of body composition and BMD on lumbar body and femur neck. Results : The results were as follows. Percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and body mass index(BMI) were significantly increased in postmenopausal women. BMD in lumbar body and femur neck were significantly decreased in postmenopausal women. There were negative strong correlation between BMD of the femur and age in young women. There were negative strong correlation between BMD of the femur and age or the years of menopause in postmenopausal women. There were positive strong correlation between BMD of the femur and BMD of lumbar body. Conclusion : Percent body fat and BMI were more increased in young women than in postmenopausal women. And there were negative strong correlation between BMD and age or the years of menopause in postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.841-850
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• 2001

This study was conducted to find out current status and characteristics, so that the result could provide basic data to establish prevention programs for hip fracture among the elderly. The data were coolected from 199 cases hospitalized in 4 university hospitals in Pusan during three years period from January, 1966 to December, 1998. The data were obtained from medical records and by using questionnaires through telephone contact or direct personal interview with the subjects or their family, and were analyzed with x2-test. The results were as follow: The mean age of elderly hip fractured cases was 75.7 years, and 61.8% were female. The average hospital stay of the cases was 30.8 days, and 73.9% survived. Femur neck fracture cases comprised 51.7% of the toral cases, while trochanteric fracture cases comprised 48.3%. The hip fracture occurred more frequently during the day, shown as 66.9%, and the most frequently due to trips(44.2%), followed by slips(322%), c1ash(14.6%), dizziness(7.5%), and 00 on. Femur neck fracture, however, occurred the most frequently due to trips(51.5%) and, on the other hand, trochanteric fracture due to slips(40.6%) and trips(36.5%). About two third of hip fracture(67.8%) occurred inside of the building. The most frequently mentioned location for hip fractures was rooms or floors(32.1%), followed by streets(24.1%), bathrooms(17.6%), stairways(13.1%), and so on. Trochanteric fracture, especially, more frequently occurred inside of the building(71.9%) as compared to femur neck fracture(64.1 %). The rate of independent indoor walking in femur neck fractured cases reduced from 88.3% to 74.8% after fracture incidences, while the rate reduced from 86.0% to 45.8% in trochanteric fracture cases. It indicated that trochanteric fractures affected the walking ability of the elderly more severely that femur neck fractures. In conclusion, hip fracture occurs as a combined result of aging characteristics, environmental factors, and health related characteristics. Future studies that investigaterisk factors of hip fracture in elderly are recommended.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2018

Average life expectancy is getting longer due to medical developments and improvements in living standards. So much so that the elderly have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis. Therefore, it is important to prevent, diagnose, and treat the senile disease at an early stage through a bone density test. Bone density is measured by dual energy X-ray absorption (DXA). In this study, while using DXA, in cases when the measurements for both the lumbar and the femur could not be taken simultaneously, the correlation between both measurements were known, and the measurement of one area was used to make a clinical inference for the value of the other. Measurements were taken using Lunar Prodigy Advance (GE) for 43 participant with clinically significant fractures. Statistical calculations were produced and analysed regarding bone density. In case of T-score, lumbar spine produced a statistical result of $-2.112{\pm}1.836$ and femur neck was $-1.716{\pm}1.565$. In case of Z-score lumbar spine produced a statistical result of $-0.151{\pm}1.513$, and femur neck $-0.026{\pm}1.283$. It is indicated that the pearson correlation coefficient of T-score between lumbar spine and femur neck is high at 0.699, and the pearson correlation coefficient of Z-score is considered relatively high at 0.503. The correlation of bone density between lumbar spine and femur neck is shown to be statistically meaningful in T-score's p-value at 0.000 and Z-score's p-value at 0.001. In conclusion, it seems to have clinical usefulness that we can infer the result of one measurement through that of the other part tested, based on the knowledge of the correlation coefficients between lumbar spine and femur neck.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 1991

The relationships between nutrients intake, physical activity and bone mineral density were investigated in 19 elderly men aged 71-80 years. A trained nutritionist interviewed usual dietary intake and daily activity with a questionnaire, and bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine and three regions of the proximal femur (femur neck, Ward's triangle and trochanter) with a Luna DP3 dual photon absorptiometry. The correlations between dietary calcium intake and bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and trochanteric region were significant at P<0.05 and P<0.01 level respectively. the significant correlations were also found between vitamin A(P<0.005), riboflavin(P<0.01), and ascorbic acid(P<0.05) intake and bone mineral density at these sites. Higher physical activity was associated with greater bone mineral density of four sites, but this was not significant. But there were significant relationships between total energy expenditure and bone mineral density of the lumbar spine(P<0.01), femur neck (P<0.05) and Ward's triangle(P<0.05). In this study the results revealed that bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and trochanteric region were associated with dietary calcium intake. And bone mineral density of the femur neck and Ward's triangle were related to physical activity but not to nutrients intake. In conclusion, dietary calcium intake seems to be a important factor for greater bone mineral density. Further evidence will be needed that physical activity protects against bone fracture and osteoporosis in the edlerly.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.350-361
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the level of bone mineral densities of the femur neck and to identify factors affecting bone mineral density of the femur in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Methods: Participants were 121 PD patients visiting the outpatient clinic of D University Hospital in B City. Bone mineral density was measured at the femur neck by using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The serum vitamin D level, the amounts of milk intake, caffeine intake, cigaret smoking, and alcohol consumption, and the number of steps taken daily were measured. Past and present disease history, the medication history, and duration of the disease were also collected. The level of disability was obtained by neurologists using the Hoehn and Yahr stage and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Results: Among PD patients, 57% had osteopenia and 15.7% had osteoporosis. The bone mineral density of the femur was associated with weight, serum vitamin D level, age, and working status. Conclusion: The identification of weight and serum vitamin D level as important predictive factors emphasizes the importance of balanced nutrition for PD patients.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.73-76
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• 2009

Purpose: Bone mineral densitometry test region advised by ISCD (International Society for Clinical Densitometry) is both site in case of femur, whereas our medical center measures left femur except for few extraordinary cases. It is said that right-handers had higher mean femur BMD in the left side than in the right side, but the factor influence the femur BMD is unknown. Thus, we investigate whether testing left femur only is a adequate clinical diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 209 right-handers and 20 left-handers patient in Asan Medical Center from July to August, 30 to 70 years of age ($51{\pm}6.7$). Subjects fill out the questionnaire on hand preference and taking regular exercise. Total BMDs of bilateral femur were measured with GE Lunar Prodigy advance densitometer, and the statistical soft ware SPSS 12.0 for windows was used for statistical analysis. Results: In the total sample of the exercise group (n=127), the difference of both femur mean BMDs are $0.001{\pm}0.127\;g/cm^2$ and the non-exercise group's (n=102) both femur difference is $0.002{\pm}0.126\;g/cm^2$, there is no significant difference. And in exercise group, classified according to hand preference, each t-value is shown at right handers (n=114) are 0.65, left handers (n=13) are -0.39. Also, In non-exercise group, right handers (n=95) are -0.78, left handers (n=7) are -0.64. In the 95% confidence limit, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusions: In recently researchs, there have been differences between both femurs according to hand preference. However, Our study have no significant difference both femurs BMDs. Therefore we suggest that BMD measurement of femur has no problem only one side, except for particular case like femur operation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Korean postmenopausal women. The data from 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used for data analysis. Subjects were 2,701 postmenopausal women aged ${\geq}50$ years. BMDs at whole body, total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Dietary data from 24-hour dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire containing 63 food items were used. The proportions of osteopenia at total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were 37.4%, 54.5%, and 45.4%, respectively. The proportions of osteoporosis at total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were 6.2%, 25.6%, and 34.3%, respectively. Age, anthropometric index including height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI), parathyroid hormone, and physical activity were related to BMD, but the relationships were site specific. Total femur BMD was explained by age, weight, parathyroid hormone and intakes of carbohydrate and fruits. Femoral neck BMD was related to age, weight, parathyroid hormone and intakes of riboflavin and fruits. Lumbar spine BMD was associated with age, weight, milk and dairy products, calcium intake, and exercise. These results indicated that adequate intakes of milk and dairy products, fruits, carbohydrate, calcium, riboflavin and exercise as well as weight maintenance might play an important role in maintaining optimum bone health in Korean postmenopausal women.