• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.341-360
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• 2006

The paper describes condition success for the development and policy environment of organic farming in Korea. policy measures concerning area-based financial support for conversion to and continuation of organic farming, officially-recognized standards and support for market and regional development, advice and research are considered. This indicates that individual measures can also work against each other. In some region, good experiences habe been made with integrated action plan, an approach that is also being discussed at the national level and which could achieve a good basis for the development of Bio-farming in future.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.75-92
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• 2003

Organic livestock farming in northern European regions has been expanded with the major animals of large ruminants using pastures and grass silages. Organic livestock farming in some European countries has been in rather short of productivity compared to the conventional livestock farming, however since the gap of productivity between organic and conventional livestock farming has been reported to be reduced when the efficiency of management would improve, organic livestock farming has a potential to develop as a clean livestock farming in the future. We expect that organic livestock farming be propelled to a future model of livestock farming in Korea too. As the schemes for realization of organic livestock farming in Korea, firstly a system for the consistent supply of organic feed should be established. Mountainous areas that represents 63 % of total area of Korea could be utilized for the production of organic forages. Uncultivated rice paddy and upland agricultural field could also be used for this purpose. The active application of organic agricultural by-products such as organic rice straw, organic rice bran and SO forth can be considered for organic livestock farming. Secondly, the replacement of anti-biotics for the management of animal diseases should be developed using natural products. Plants and microbes would be good sources of natural products. Thirdly, the realization of organic livestock farming may require a system for certification of the organic farms and consequently the experts to work on.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2021

Background: Safety management is required to ensure health and safety of personnel in Norwegian fish farming. However, few studies have addressed the status and practical relevance of this risk-reducing measure. Methods: This article provides new knowledge through interviews with 35 employees at different company levels, addressing perceptions of various safety management activities according to managers and operational personnel. Results: The interviews show that managers and operational personnel at fish farms agree that the quantity of measures aimed to improve safety has increased in recent years. However, some activities are perceived to have higher practical relevance than others. In general, measures that fit well with the practical reality are well received by the employees at the fish farms. Conclusion: Suggested improvements include involving operational personnel in the design of procedures, considering all risk dimensions that may affect occupational health and safety, and challenging the value of specific safety activities based on a detailed knowledge of the distinctive characteristics of work practice in fish farming.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.76-91
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• 2017

Background: Agricultural work is physically demanding and is associated with a high frequency of musculoskeletal disorders. It is challenging to comprehensively understand the present status of work-related diseases and injuries among farmers in underdeveloped countries. Objects: This study aimed to elucidate the current status of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in local farmers in Tigray, Ethiopia, and identify the agricultural factors associated work-related musculoskeletal pain (AFWMP) and healthy living and healthy behavior factors associated work-related musculoskeletal pain (HFWMP). Methods: The Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development at Yonsei University conducted a survey of 126 households in Tigray, Ethiopia in 2014. A total of 116 individuals (73 men, 43 women) representing each household answered the questionnaires. Results: 1) Work-related musculoskeletal pain (WMSP) most commonly occurred when performing heavy lifting and most frequently occurred in the lower back. 2) Age, self-perceived labor intensity, and months of farming work were significantly higher in the pain group than those in the non-pain group. 3) Overall work-related musculoskeletal pain intensity (WPI) showed positive and negative correlations with years of farming experience and self-perceived health status, respectively. 4) In binary logistic regression, the occurrence of WMSP showed significant associations with self-perceived labor intensity. 5) On multiple linear regression analysis, age, months of farming work, and self-perceived health status had a significant impact on overall WPI. Conclusion: The WMSP of farmers in Tigray, Ethiopia was related to the characteristics of farm working and health status. Furthermore, HFWMP and AFWMP were the chief factors affecting the occurrence of WMSP in farmers in Tigray. Therefore, both HFWMP and AFWMP should be considered for clinical health assessments of farmers with WMSP in underdeveloped African countries.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.151-159
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• 2019

The aim of this paper is to identify the characteristics of social economy in social farming practices, and to explore three core factors of experiment, openness and locality, which have a significant impact on the working-mechanism of social innovation. Though a few social farming practice appear nowadays in Korea, it can be witnessed social economic factors such as cooperation between networks and solidarity actors, pursuing social values in social farming. On the basis of the conceptual framework on the social economy characteristics, this study examines case analysis in order to find the possibilities as a social innovation of the social farming. Three farms perform multiple functions of care, labour integration, training in farming area, and sometimes make collaboration work with artists and local residents. Social farming can be social innovation practices in the view of the interaction of experiments, openness and locality within the context of an innovation process, networking, enhancing social capital.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.481-489
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop an ergonomic checklist (AULA: Agricultural Upper-Limb Assessment) which can assess the risks of the work-related upper limb disorders of farming tasks in Korea. Background: There are few assessment tools that reflect the current condition of agricultural works as of now. Method: AULA was developed as following three stages. First of all, a physiological experiment was conducted with selected 14 upper limb postures which are frequently occurred in farming tasks and then, an ergonomic checklist was developed with determining risk levels of each body posture based on the experimental findings. Lastly, the ergonomic checklist was validated by comparing with the existing assessment tools. Results: When comparing the AULA which was developed in this study with the existing assessment tools, it was found that the AULA may get over limits of the existing ones which are sensitive to particular postures, but aren't sensitive to the rest of them. Conclusion: It is predicted that the developed upper limb posture assessment tool which gets over the existing tools' limits and is proper for domestic farm work conditions, will help to reduce musculoskeletal disorders caused by farm works, by assessing farm works more easily and objectively. Application: By further developing the theoretical groundwork on the induction of muscular skeletal system symptoms relating to agricultural works, it is expected to improve the level of preventing and managing such muscular skeletal system symptoms in the field of agricultural and farming works, which is relatively less advanced in terms of labor difficulties.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.581-591
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• 2014

This study analyze the policy efficiency of the environment-friendly farming zone program using data envelopment analysis. On analyzed results, the average policy efficiency is 0.185 and 98.3% of zones are inefficient. 97.8% of zones are in increasing returns to scales. The empirical results indicate that more work need to be done to increase the efficiency of the program.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1997

Cultivation of peach by organic farming and cooperative form of work was attempted. The compost was made from egg shells and bread residues(bakery residues), falling leaves, and weeds. The cooperative teams of work were farmers, students and members of citizens' movement. The responses of participants for composting, though it's laboriousness and dirtiness, were favorable with feeling of doing good for social services. 20 chickens were raised in the peach orchard as one of the mixed farming. The pH and Ca content of ripened compost were 7.7 and 1.57 %, respectively. Controlling Aphids(plant louse)by ladybug was observed vividly. The size and sugar concentration were comparable to standard values even though rainy season and the number of damaged fruits were less than half(40%).

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 1998

This study was performed to suggest the health management of farmers compared with different farming types, such as rice plant, livestock, horticulture, orchard and others, for the farmer's health enhancement. For this study, 720 subjects were selected in 8 provinces through cluster method, and relevent caculations for the analysis of the subjects were made SAS program, and tested significance with x$^2$ and F value, those probability levels were 0.1%, 1% and 5%. Among the subjects, aged 40's were 38%, females 66%, elementary graduates (32%), and think of living conditions were average (67%). In the self-consciousness test for health, there was no significant difference of farmers with farming types. In the aspect of agricultural work situation, they took holidays according to the weather conditions or no pressed work to be done. And They took a break “when they feel tired during work”. For the recovery of fatigue, sleeping was chosen as the most favorite (68%) followed bathing (17%). but exercise was the lowest (7%). In the case of working conditions, 74% of them replied they work under average condition, and only 9% of them thought they were under pleasant surroundings. And 37% of them have had healthy food, for health practice and restorative for health. 20% of them have had breakfast irregularly. In addition to the regular meal intake, sufficient re자 and pleasant agricultural working conditions would be necessary for health, and the farmers themselves should recognize the importance and care of health. The project for enhancement of the farmers' health is needed and who should give guideline to have the responsibility for health.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 1986

The objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model for optimum design of diversified farming systems which have the regional characteristics. For this purpose, the farming surveys were conducted for mainly 1984 agriculture. They were carried out on January and July 1985 for three villages of central region of Korea. The surveyed data were analyzed by systems analysis and the diversified farming systems were modeled. They consist of four and six croping patterns for paddy and upland, two and three kinds of fruit crop and livestock, and seven kinds of farm machinery for each work system. Then a mathematical model was developed by the multiple objective decision making (MODM) method in order to design optimum systems of diversified farming. It consists of 23 decision variables, two objective functions and nine constraint functions. The goals of objective function are maximization of agricultural incomes and power inputs of farm machinery, and the modeled factors for constraint function are arable land, available capital, labor, and land utilization.