• 복식
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• 제32권
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• pp.57-68
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of religion on Amish costumes. For this study I twice visited Amish village in Lancaster Pennsylvania U.S,A in July 1993 and August 1996. The methods of study directed direct observation and literature re-search. The results of this study were as follows: The Amish was livid practically by strict princi- ples of simplicity diligence piety and mutual cooperation. The Amish behavioral code of laws known as ordnung dictated appropriate dress agricultual methods and a routine for daily life. The Amish costumes originated with the 17th century Puritans traditional apparel the European farmer and the clothing style of 19th century Americal,. Amish costumes was fastened with hooks and eyes instead of decorative buttons a diret influence of Puritanism does and did non con-tain ornamental outer pockets. This distinctively simple costumes served as a boundary outsiders to and as a direct ex-pression of their faith. An Amish doll had neither facial features nor fingers and toes as described in scripture "You do not become corrupt and make for yourselves an idol an image of any shape whether formed like a man or a women or like any animal on earth or any bird that flies in the air or like any creature that moves along the ground or any fish in the waters below" In this way Amish costumes was affected by their religion and faith.

• 영미문화
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.127-147
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• 2010

In Faulkner's many works, most Mulattoes are represented as tragic characters who feel confused with their racial identity and are sacrificed by the Southern racism in the end. However, in Go Down, Moses Lucas Beauchamp is an exceptional mulatto in that he survives the Southern racism and achieves some dignity as a human. It is because he maintains the relationship with his family and environment as a skilled farmer. Although Southerners idealized their lives in plantations as nature-friendly and ecological way of life, plantation owners had little direct relationship with land as plantations were cultivated by black slaves' labor. Therefore, white landowners had little knowledge about cultivation and ecological awareness. Although Lucas Beauchamp is criticized as he has the strong will to power and patriarchal attitude, it is partly caused from endeavor to overcome the suppression as a black male whose masculinity is denied in the Southern society. In spite of his limitation, he shows the possibility to escape from the curse prevailing in the South, which abuses land and other races through the relationship with others and land. He has positive aspects in that he has genuine relationship with land and others and takes his responsibility for others, searching the most suitable way to survive as a black.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.537-544
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• 1993

화청벼 에서 유기된 초거대배 돌연변리계통을 육성하고 그의 미립 외형특성, 단백질함량 및 아미노산 조성, 지질함량 및 지방산 조성, 비타민 함량등의 영양특성 및 작물학적 특성을 원품종과 대비하여 조사하였다 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 초거대배 변리계통의 현미 외형크기는 원품종과 차이가 없었으나, 1000립중은 원품종의 74.5%이었고, 1립당 배의 크기는 건물중으로 322%이었다. 2. 현미의 단백질함량은 8.99%로 화청벼의 7.39%에 비해 높았고, 저장단백질의 조성은 차이가 없었다. 아미노산조성에서는 현미 전체로 볼 때 lysine 함량이 월등히 증대되었고, methionine, serine, ,tyrosine 함량이 다소 감소되었다. 3. 현미의 지질함량은 5.7%로 원품종의 3.8%에 비해 1.5배 증가하였다. 지방산 중 팔미틴 산 함량은 증가하였고, 리놀산 함량은 감소하였다. 4. 배의 비타민 $B_1,B_2$, niacin함량에서 초거대배미와 원품종과는 차이가 없었으며, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 함량은 감소하였으나, 현미 전체로 보면$B_1,B_2$, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 함량이 월등히 증가하였다. 5. 초거대배미는 고영양미로서의 이용가치가 클것으로 판단되었다. 6. 초거대배 변이계통(M4)들의 정조수량은 원품종인 화청벼(556kg/10a)에 비해 69.2～78.8% 정도이었다. 생육형질의 변이계수로 보아 대부분 계통들이 고정된 것으로 나타났다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2013

국내 나리 주산단지에서 분리한 Botrytis elliptica 48개 균주와 Botrytis cinerea 23개 균주를 대상으로 농가포장에서 사용되고 있는 살균제에 대한 약제저항성 검정을 실시하였다. 살균제 benomyl과 mancozeb에 대한 $EC_{50}$ 값은 $500-1,000{\mu}g/ml$로 시험에 사용된 모든 약제 중에서 가장 높게 나타나 이 약제들은 나리재배 포장에서 잎마름병에 대한 방제 효과가 거의 없을 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 나리 재배농가에서 잎마름병 방제약제로 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 dicarboximide계 procymidone 살균제와 iprodione 살균제의 경우, $EC_{50}$ 값 $5-50{\mu}g/ml$은 각각 93.7%와 100%이었고, diethofencarb/carbendazim 합제와 fludioxonil 살균제의 $EC_{50}$ 값 $0-0.1{\mu}g/ml$ 범위는 각각 98.0%와 93.8%이었다. 한편, 비가림 포장 재배에서의 잎마름병 방제 효과는 발병 직후 iprodione 약제, diethofencarb/carbendazim 합제, fludioxonil 약제를 교호적으로 4회 살포하였을 때 가장 우수하였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2015

This study was designed to evaluate the possibility of increase through dairy female offspring's ratio by transfer of pre-selected transferrable blastocyst that was produced by pre-selected X-bearing semen with OPU derived oocytes. Elite dairy female cow is demanded strongly compared with male, the so called, farmer wants to produce only an elite female dairy offspring as a candidate female dairy cow for producing milk. In our study, we selected 2 elite dairy bull semen from National Agricultural Cooperative Federation to pre-select X-bearing semen and 5 elite dairy female cows as donor for collecting of OPU derived oocytes. OPU derived embryo production system was carried out an aspiration of immature oocytes from 5 donor cows 2 times per week, total 200 times for 2 to 7 months by an ultrasonographic guided follicular aspiration system and then produced in vitro-produced blastocysts by in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture. Dairy donor semen selected H-319, 320 bull in National Agricultural Cooperative federation was sorted X-bearing semen by flow-cytometer and frozen for using IVF with OPU derived oocytes. Donor cows were selected 5 elite dairy cows from Gyeongju Dairy Cow Community and then disease tests such as 4 kinds of disease before selecting was checked. Oocyte proportion of grade 1 to 3 from total collected oocytes was significantly lower in donor A and B than those in donor C, D and E (82.16 and 70.03% vs. 90.0, 91.78 and 93.57%), respectively (p<0.05). However, number of oocytes per session in donor A, C and E was significantly higher than those in donor B and D ($7.77{\pm}3.26$, $5.85{\pm}2.10$ and $7.03{\pm}2.14$ vs. $4.68{\pm}2.61$ and $5.21{\pm}1.97$ oocytes), but donor A was significantly higher than donor C (p<0.05). Development to blastocyst in donor B, C and E was significantly higher than those in donor A and D (31.0, 25.0 and 25.0% vs. 14.3 and 4.5%), but donor A was not different in donor C and E (p<0.05). Nine out of 10 blastocysts (90.0%) derived from OPU blastocysts were confirmed male embryos that was induced with Y-bearing semen to confirm sex ratio only. Total 96 blastocysts derived from female bearing semen were transferred into synchronized recipients and then confirmed 42 recipients (43.8%) pregnancy rate, 36 offspring (37.5%) and 91.7% female sex ratio (33 female vs. 3 male offspring). Taken together all data, elite dairy female offspring could be produced effectively by in vitro production system between pre-selected x-bearing semen and OPU derived oocytes that would be influential breeder in the breeding of dairy farm to increase effectively elite dairy offspring ratio as well as net income in the dairy farmer.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.286-294
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• 2009

A high prevalence of protected horticulture farmer's work-related musculo-skeletal disorders (MSDs) have been reported in precedent studies. One of the tasks required ergonomic intervention to reduce the musculo-skeletal risks is the task of product transporting. The purpose of this study is to evaluate quantitatively the spinal load of operator using manual vehicles to predict and prevent musculo-skeletal risks. Spinal load in operators using 4 kinds of manual vehicle were analyzed. Before evaluating spinal load on operator using the manual vehicles by bio-mechanical approach, it is needed to validate human model. In this study, ADAMS LifeMOD human model shows satisfactory results, comparing with already validated model's results or measured results. While Operators pushed the manual vehicles(wheelbarrow, Trolley, 2 wheel cart, and 4 wheel cart) contained loads that were 0 N and 800 N, their spinal loads(compression force, shear force) were evaluated. The compression force demonstrated under the NIOSH action limits - 3410N - for all 4 manual vehicle's operators(McGill 1997; Marras 2000). However, the lateral shear force demonstrated over the University of Waterloo - 500N - for all 3 manual vehicle's operators except 4Wheel cart (Yingline and McGill, 1999). Therefore, operators have risks in prevalence of the musculo-skeletal disorders due to shear force. The findings of this study suggest that it need to be determine the spinal load, especially lateral shear force in designing the manual vehicles in the future.

• 식물병연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.125-127
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• 2003

2003년 경상남도 고성군 회화면 야생화 재배포장에서 붓꽃 잎에 녹병이 심하게 발생하였다. 처음 잎에 작은 황색의 반점을 형성하며 갈색의 하포자퇴가 약간 부풀어 오르며 표피는 세로로 갈라지면서 갈색 또는 적갈색의 하포자 가루를 형성하였다. 심하게 녹병이 발생된 잎은 말라 죽었다. 하포자는 구형 또는 도란형으로 황갈색 또는 적갈색을 나타내고, 크기는 22~30 ${\times}$ 12~25 ${\mu}m$ 이다. 동포자는 곤봉형 또는 긴 타원형이며 밤갈색을 띠고, 크기는 32~54 ${\times}$12~22${\mu}m$이다. 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징 및 병원성을 검정한 결과, 이 병을 Puccinia iridis에 의한 붓꽃 녹병으로 명명하고자 제안한다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.337-340
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• 2004

2003년 4월 경남농업기술원 유리온실과 농가 육묘장에서 Botrytis cinerea에 의한 백일홍 잿빛곰팡이병이 발생하였다. 병징은 잎과 줄기에 발생하여 병든 부분이 수침상으로 물러지고 썩으면서 병반부위에 회색의 곰팡이가 많이 생기고, 심할 경우 감염된 부위는 결국 말라 죽는다. 분생포자는 무색, 단포자이며 난형 또는 타원형으로 크기는 5${\sim}$16${\times}$4${\sim}$8 ${\mu}m$였고, 분생자경 위에 분생포자가 아주 많이 형성되었다. 분생포자경은 갈색으로 격막이 있고, 폭은 12${\sim}$28 ${\mu}m$였다. 균핵의 모양은 납작하거나 부정형이고 색깔은 검은색이었다. 균사생육과 균핵형성 적온은 $20^{\circ}C$였다. 병반에서 분리한 병원균은 Botrytis cinerea Persoon: Fries에 의한 백일홍 잿빛곰팡이병으로 동정되었다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.209-212
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• 2003

2002년 경상남도 산청군 시천면 차나무 재배포장에서 잎에 떡병이 심하게 발생하였다. 병징은 잎에 작은 반점이 생기고 차차 원형으로 확대되어 황갈색으로 되며 잎표면의 병반부는 융기하고 뒷면은 안쪽으로 움푹 들어가 흰색의 떡모양으로 된다. 균총의 색깔은 흰색에서 유백색을 띠며 포자형성이 잘 된다. 담자기는 2개의 작은 자루를 형성하며 그위에 담자포자가 부착한다. 크기는 30${\sim}$53${\times}$3.1${\sim}$5.8 ${\mu}m$이다. 담자포자는 무색, 단포, 장타원형으로 약간 굽은것도 있으며, 크기는 11${\sim}$14.7${\times}$4${\sim}$5.4 ${\mu}m$이다. 균사 생육적온은 $25^{\circ}C$이었다. 차나무 잎에 발생한 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징을 검정한 결과, 이 병을 Exobasidium vexans에 의한 차나무 떡병으로 명명하고자 제안한다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2013

In the traditional subsistence farming era in Korea, most of small farmer's housing plots in the rural villages had their boundary barriers of which materials being the natural ones provided from nearby places. However, during the rapid industrialization period from 1960s, a traditional type of boundary barriers in the rural villages had been replaced mostly by low-cost factory-made ones, which means absolute loss of their amenity values as a linear part of villagescape. In spite of many study efforts on boundary barriers of traditional rural houses, detailed historical dating on them after 1960s have not tried up to now, which provoked to try this study. Through the direct and in-depth interviews to rural villagers sampled from 21 case villages, it was found that original boundary barriers structure in most of farm houses was made of natural materials like stone, soil, trees and bamboo, but, replaced by cement block structures mostly during Saemaeul Project period. However, although being relatively minority, traditional ones have been preserved up to now mainly in remote mountainous and seashore villages, but was in very low condition. In the overall view, for more than half a century, boundary barriers of farm houses had been left without public or private improvement efforts. In order to enhance their amenity values, more research works should be carried out on positive reassessment of the traditional ones harmonized with multifunctionalities for modern village life.