• 제목/요약/키워드: family of curves

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다변태(多變態)와 변태(變態) 방정식(方程式)을 이용(利用)한 미송(美松)의 지위지수(地位指數) 곡선(曲線) 추정(推定)과 비교(比較) (Developing and Comparing Site Index Curves Using Polymorphic and Anamorphic Equations for Douglas-fir)

  • 이상현
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제88권2호
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    • pp.142-148
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    • 1999
  • 본 연구는 뉴질랜드 넬슨 지역에 조림된 미송(美松) (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco)의 지위지수(地位指數) 식과 지위지수(地位指數) 곡선 구성에 관한 것이다. 지위지수(地位指數) 모델 구성에 146개의 영구 표본 플롯 (PSP)이 사용되었고, Difference 방정식을 이용하여 지위지수(地位指數) 식을 유도하였다. 모수(母數) 추정은 SAS의 PROC NLIN을 이용한 비선형 루틴에 의하여 수행하였다. Schumacher 다변태(多變態) 생장식이 사용된 여러 생장식 중 가장 정밀한 추정을 보여주었고, 모델 추정에 사용된 95% 관측치는 실측치의 ${\pm}1.2m$ 이내의 추정치를 나타내었다. 따라서, 지위지수(地位指數) 등급의 상이(相異)에따라 지위지수(地位指數) 곡선의 변형을 반영하는 다변태(多變態) 지위지수(地位指數) 곡선을 Schumacher 생장식으로부터 유도하였다. 또한 다변태(多變態) 방정식과 변태(變態) 방정식의 비교 결과는, 다변태(多變態) 방정식으로부터 보다 정확한 지위지수(地位指數) 식을 이끌어 냄을 알 수 있었다.

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포화 불교란 토양시료의 Cl- 및 Cu2+ 출현곡선에 의한 preferential flow의 검증 (Preferential Flow as Tested by Breakthrough Curves of Cl- and Cu2+ from Saturated Undisturbed Soil Core Samples under Steady Flow Conditions)

  • 류순호;한경화;노희명;한광현
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.71-78
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    • 2000
  • 사과 과수원 토양(송정통, the fine loamy, mesic family of Typic Hapludults)을 층위별로 채취하여 토양 수리적 특성과 누적공극분포를 조사하고 표토인 Ap1층과 점토집적층인 B1층에서 각각 토양코아시료 (지름 7.4 cm, 높이 7.4 cm)를 채취하여 포화조건에서 $Cl^-$$Cu^{2+}$로 혼성치환실험을 수행하고 그 출현곡선으로부터 선택류(選擇流)를 검증하고자 하였다. Ap1층과 B1층은 사질 식양토로 같은 토성이나 Ap1층의 포화수리전도도는 $2.0cmhr^{-1}$로 B1층($0.27cm hr^{-1}$)의 약 7배에 달하였다. C층은 포화수리전도도 $5.2cmhr^{-1}$인 구조가 없는 사양토로 물과 용질의 이동을 제한하는 역할이 가장 낮을 것으로 판단되었다. 누적 공극분포에서 Ap1층과 B1층의 대공극량(토양수분포텐셜 - 6 kpa에 해당하는 지름 $49{\mu}m$ 이상의 공극)은 각각 총 공극량의 24%, B1층은 14%이었다. 염소출현곡선에서 Ap1층 코아와 B1층 코아의 수력학적 분산계수는 각각 $34cm^2hr^{-1}$, $1.3cm^2hr^{-1}$이었고 이때 B1층 코아의 지연계수는 1인 반면 Ap1층 코아는 0.6으로 부동수분과 유동수분의 분배가 일어났다. 양이온 치환용량이 Ap1층이 B1층보다 높음에도 불구하고 Ap1층 코아의 구리지연효과가 B1층보다 더 작게 나타났다. 이 결과는 포화수리전도도와 대공극 함량이 큰 Ap1층에서 선택류(選擇流)가 일어날 수 가능성을 보여 주었다. 그러나 투수성이 좋은 모재층을 가진 이 토양단면에서 Ap1층에서 선택류(選擇流)가 일어난다 하더라도 B1층에 의해 제한될 것으로 사료된다.

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전라도 지역 소나무와 편백에 대한 수고생장모델 및 지위지수곡선 개발 (Developing Dominant Tree Height Growth Curve and Site Index Curves for Pinus densiflora and Chamaecyparis obtusa Grown in Jeolla-do)

  • 박희정;이상현
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제108권3호
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    • pp.364-371
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 전라도 지역의 주요 수종인 소나무와 편백의 흉고직경에 따른 우세목의 수고생장모델과 지위지수곡선을 개발하여 합리적인 경영과 지속가능한 산림경영체계의 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 실시하였다. 데이터는 맞춤형 조림지도 제작을 위한 전라도 지역에 생육하고 있는 소나무 3,055본(611개 표본점), 편백 3,345본(669개 표본점)에 대한 표고, 경사도, 방위, 토양형, 우세목의 수고와 흉고직경, 수령 등을 측정하여 수집하였다. 전라도 지역 소나무와 편백에 대한 흉고직경에 따른 우세목의 수고생장모델은 Petterson식, Michailow식, Log식을 이용하였으며, 연령에 따른 우세목의 수고생장모델은 Chapman-Richards식, Schumacher식, Gompertz식을 이용하여 개발하였다. 흉고직경에 따른 우세목의 수고생장모델은 소나무와 편백 모두 잔차평균제곱의 값이 가장 낮은 Pettersosn식을 선정하였다. 연령에 따른 우세목의 수고생장모델은 국가수준에서 사용하고 있는 Chapman-Richards식을 선정하였다. 지위지수의 추정을 위하여 기준임령(Base age)은 30년을 사용하였다. 그 결과 소나무는 지위지수 6~18, 편백은 지위지수 6~22로 국가수준에서 사용하고 있는 지위지수곡선에 비해 매우 다양하게 지위를 추정할 수 있어, 현실임분의 합리적인 경영을 위한 자료제공에 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

Using SEER Data to Quantify Effects of Low Income Neighborhoods on Cause Specific Survival of Skin Melanoma

  • Cheung, Min Rex
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.3219-3221
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    • 2013
  • Background: This study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to screen Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) skin melanoma data to identify and quantify the effects of socioeconomic factors on cause specific survival. Methods: 'SEER cause-specific death classification' used as the outcome variable. The area under the ROC curve was to select best pretreatment predictors for further multivariate analysis with socioeconomic factors. Race and other socioeconomic factors including rural-urban residence, county level % college graduate and county level family income were used as predictors. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify and quantify the independent socioeconomic predictors. Results: This study included 49,999 parients. The mean follow up time (SD) was 59.4 (17.1) months. SEER staging (ROC area of 0.08) was the most predictive foctor. Race, lower county family income, rural residence, and lower county education attainment were significant univariates, but rural residence was not significant under multivariate analysis. Living in poor neighborhoods was associated with a 2-4% disadvantage in actuarial cause specific survival. Conclusions: Racial and socioeconomic factors have a significant impact on the survival of melanoma patients. This generates the hypothesis that ensuring access to cancer care may eliminate these outcome disparities.

Transmuted new generalized Weibull distribution for lifetime modeling

  • Khan, Muhammad Shuaib;King, Robert;Hudson, Irene Lena
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.363-383
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    • 2016
  • The Weibull family of lifetime distributions play a fundamental role in reliability engineering and life testing problems. This paper investigates the potential usefulness of transmuted new generalized Weibull (TNGW) distribution for modeling lifetime data. This distribution is an important competitive model that contains twenty-three lifetime distributions as special cases. We can obtain the TNGW distribution using the quadratic rank transmutation map (QRTM) technique. We derive the analytical shapes of the density and hazard functions for graphical illustrations. In addition, we explore some mathematical properties of the TNGW model including expressions for the quantile function, moments, entropies, mean deviation, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves and the moments of order statistics. The method of maximum likelihood is used to estimate the model parameters. Finally the applicability of the TNGW model is presented using nicotine in cigarettes data for illustration.

보강판의 균열거동해석과 Crack Arrest 설계(II) - Crack Arrest 거동의 시뮬레이션 (Crack Growth Analysis and Crack Arrest Design of Stiffened Panels(II) - Numerical Simulation of Crack Arrest Behavior)

  • 이의종;이환우
    • 한국기계가공학회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.50-56
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    • 2005
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing FCAD chart proposed in our previous work, series of crack growth/arrest behavior in the integrally stiffened panels were simulated by numerical method using upper mentioned FCAD charts and a new crack growth rate equation. It is concluded that proposed family of FCAD curves, in the form of non-dimensional arrest load ranges, are reliable indicators of fatigue crack growth/arrest behavior of integrally stiffened panels considered here.

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VARIOUS CENTROIDS AND SOME CHARACTERIZATIONS OF CATENARY CURVES

  • Bang, Shin-Ok;Kim, Dong-Soo;Yoon, Dae Won
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.237-245
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    • 2018
  • For every interval [a, b], we denote by $({\bar{x}}_A,{\bar{y}}_A)$ and $({\bar{x}}_L,{\bar{y}}_L)$ the geometric centroid of the area under a catenary curve y = k cosh((x-c)/k) defined on this interval and the centroid of the curve itself, respectively. Then, it is well-known that ${\bar{x}}_L={\bar{x}}_A$ and ${\bar{y}}_L=2{\bar{y}}_A$. In this paper, we fix an end point, say 0, and we show that one of ${\bar{x}}_L={\bar{x}}_A$ and ${\bar{y}}_L=2{\bar{y}}_A$ for every interval with an end point 0 characterizes the family of catenaries among nonconstant $C^2$ functions.

CANAL HYPERSURFACES GENERATED BY NON-NULL CURVES IN LORENTZ-MINKOWSKI 4-SPACE

  • Mustafa Altin;Ahmet Kazan;Dae Won Yoon
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제60권5호
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    • pp.1299-1320
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    • 2023
  • In the present paper, firstly we obtain the general expression of the canal hypersurfaces that are formed as the envelope of a family of pseudo hyperspheres, pseudo hyperbolic hyperspheres and null hyper-cones whose centers lie on a non-null curve with non-null Frenet vector fields in E41 and give their some geometric invariants such as unit normal vector fields, Gaussian curvatures, mean curvatures and principal curvatures. Also, we give some results about their flatness and minimality conditions and Weingarten canal hypersurfaces. Also, we obtain these characterizations for tubular hypersurfaces in E41 by taking constant radius function and finally, we construct some examples and visualize them with the aid of Mathematica.

Racial and Social Economic Factors Impact on the Cause Specific Survival of Pancreatic Cancer: A SEER Survey

  • Cheung, Rex
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.159-163
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    • 2013
  • Background: This study used Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) pancreatic cancer data to identify predictive models and potential socio-economic disparities in pancreatic cancer outcome. Materials and Methods: For risk modeling, Kaplan Meier method was used for cause specific survival analysis. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov's test was used to compare survival curves. The Cox proportional hazard method was applied for multivariate analysis. The area under the ROC curve was computed for predictors of absolute risk of death, optimized to improve efficiency. Results: This study included 58,747 patients. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 7.6 (10.6) months. SEER stage and grade were strongly predictive univariates. Sex, race, and three socio-economic factors (county level family income, rural-urban residence status, and county level education attainment) were independent multivariate predictors. Racial and socio-economic factors were associated with about 2% difference in absolute cause specific survival. Conclusions: This study s found significant effects of socio-economic factors on pancreas cancer outcome. These data may generate hypotheses for trials to eliminate these outcome disparities.

THE COMPUTATION METHOD OF THE MILNOR NUMBER OF HYPERSURFACE SINGULARITIES DEFINED BY AN IRREDUCIBLE WEIERSTRASS POLYNOMIAL $z^n$+a(x,y)z+b(x,y)=0 in $C^3$ AND ITS APPLICATION

  • Kang, Chung-Hyuk
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.169-173
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    • 1989
  • Let V={(x,y,z):f=z$^{n}$ -npz+(n-1)q=0 for n .geq. 3} be a compled analytic subvariety of a polydisc in $C^{3}$ where p=p(x,y) and q=q(x,y) are holomorphic near (x,y)=(0,0) and f is an irreducible Weierstrass polynomial in z of multiplicity n. Suppose that V has an isolated singular point at the origin. Recall that the z-discriminant of f is D(f)=c(p$^{n}$ -q$^{n-1}$) for some number c. Suppose that D(f) is square-free. then we prove that by Theorem 2.1 .mu.(p$^{n}$ -q$^{n-1}$)=.mu.(f)-(n-1)+n(n-2)I(p,q)+1 where .mu.(f), .mu. p$^{n}$ -q$^{n-1}$are the corresponding Milnor numbers of f, p$^{n}$ -q$^{n-1}$, respectively and I(p,q) is the intersection number of p and q at the origin. By one of applications suppose that W$_{t}$ ={(x,y,z):g$_{t}$ =z$^{n}$ -np$_{t}$ $^{n-1}$z+(n-1)q$_{t}$ $^{n-1}$=0} is a smooth family of complex analytic varieties near t=0 each of which has an isolated singularity at the origin, satisfying that the z-discriminant of g$_{t}$ , that is, D(g$_{t}$ ) is square-free. If .mu.(g$_{t}$ ) are constant near t=0, then we prove that the family of plane curves, D(g$_{t}$ ) are equisingular and also D(f$_{t}$ ) are equisingular near t=0 where f$_{t}$ =z$^{n}$ -np$_{t}$ z+(n-1)q$_{t}$ =0.}$ =0.

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