• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2018

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of packaging material on the growth of rootstock of Liriope platyphylla. Methods and Results: This study examined the effects of two types of packaging material, LDPE (low density polyethylene) and functional film on the growth of the tubers of L. platyphylla, at $5^{\circ}C$. During the 16-weeks of storage period, the ratio of loss and decay of the tubers was examined at intervals of 4, 8, and 16 weeks to detect the quality of the plant. After 16 weeks of storage, the treated tubers were own. Subsequently, plant height and the number of leaves were recorded. The results revealed that functional film at $5^{\circ}C$ was the ideal material for the storage of L. platyphylla tubers. The rate of loss was the highest (57.42%) with a onion net and the lowest (22.12%) with a functional film. Similarly, the rate of tuber decay was highest (8.20%) using onion net and the least (4.60%) when the functional film was used. Conclusions: Thus, the use of the functional film proved to be the most effective in the storage of L. platyphylla tubers when compared with the LDPE.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.937-946
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• 2018

This study investigated the applicability of horticultural media with recycled coir substrates the growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Pekinensis) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) crop. The six different types of coir based substrates were A, Coir 45: Perlite 35: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), B, Coir 55: Perlite 25: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), C, Coir 65: Perlite 15: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), D, Coir 75: Perlite 5: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), E, Coir 85: Perlite 5: Vermiculite 5: Zeolite 5 (%) and F, nursery media (control). The pH and Electric conductivity of the horticultural nursery media were 6.06-7.00 and $0.45-1.10dS/m^{-1}$, respectively. The nursery media containing coir substrates had higher level of Total N, Ca, K, Mg and P than those without coir. Additionally, it was observed that the growth of Chinese cabbage was the best on D (containing 75% coir) while that of lettuce was the best on E (containing 85% coir). In general, when substrates containg a higher percentage of coir were used, the growth of Chinese cabbage and lettuce was ideal. Additionally, the P, Ca, and Mg content in both plants was not significantly altered by the amount of coir present in the media. However, with an increase in the amount of coir substrate, the chlorophyll, N, and K content was increased. After harvesting, there was no significant difference in the chemical properties of the horticultural nursery media of both plants. Thus, it can be suggested that, coir substrate after a single use could be recycled as horticulture nursery media.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2021

Background: Ginseng is one of the most valuable herbal supplements. It is challenging to perform quality control of ginseng products due to the diversity of bioactive saponins in their composition. Acid or alkaline hydrolysis is often used for the structural elucidation of these saponins and sugars in their side chains. Complete transformation of the original ginsenosides into their aglycones during the hydrolysis is one of the ways to determine a total saponin group content. The main hurdle of this approach is the formation of various by-products that was reported by many authors. Methods: Separate HPLC assessment of the total protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol and ocotillol ginsenoside contents is a viable alternative to the determination of characteristic biomarkers of these saponin groups, such as ginsenoside Rf and pseudoginsenoside F₁₁, which are commonly used for authentication of P. ginseng Meyer and P. quinquefolius L. samples respectively. Moreover, total ginsenoside content is an ideal aggregated parameter for standardization and quality control of ginseng-based medicines, because it can be directly applied for saponin dosage calculation. Results: Different hydrolysis conditions were tested to develop accurate quantification method for the elucidation of total ginsenoside contents in herbal products. Linearity, limits of quantification, limits of detection, accuracy and precision were evaluated for the developed HPLC-MS method. Conclusion: Alkaline hydrolysis results in fewer by-products than sugar elimination in acidic conditions. An equimolar response, as a key parameter for quantification, was established for several major ginsenosides. The developed approach has shown acceptable results in the analysis of several different herbal products.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.483-497
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• 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of flow around a hipped-roof building representative of UK inland conditions are conducted. Unsteady simulations are performed using three variations of the k-ϵ RANS turbulence model namely, the Standard, Realizable, and RNG models, and their predictive capability is measured against current European building standards. External pressure coefficients and wind loading are found through the BS 6399-2:1997 standard (obsolete) and the current European standards (BS EN 1991-1-4:2005 and A1:20101). The current European standard provides a more conservative wind loading estimate compared to its predecessor and the k-ϵ RNG model falls within 15% of the value predicted by the current standard. Surface shear stream-traces and Q-criterion were used to analyze the flow physics for each model. The RNG model predicts immediate flow separation leading to the creation of vortical structures on the hipped-roof along with a larger separation region. It is observed that the Realizable model predicts the side vortex to be a result of both the horseshoe vortex and the flow deflected off it. These model-specific aerodynamic features present the most disparity between building standards at leeward roof locations. Finally, pedestrian comfort and safety criteria are studied where the k-ϵ Standard model predicts the most ideal pedestrian conditions and the Realizable model yields the most conservative levels.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.296-303
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• 2022

Background: Skin microbiota is important for maintenance of skin homeostasis; however, its disturbance may cause an increase in pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, we aimed to develop a red ginseng formulation that can selectively promote beneficial bacteria. Methods: The effects of red ginseng formulation on microorganism growth were analyzed by comparing the growth rates of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Cutibacterium acnes. Various preservatives mixed with red ginseng formulation were evaluated to determine the ideal composition for selective growth promotion of S. epidermidis. Red ginseng formulation with selected preservative was loaded into a biocompatible polymer mixture and applied to the faces of 20 female subjects in the clinical trial to observe changes in the skin microbiome. Results: Red ginseng formulation promoted the growth of S. aureus and S. epidermidis compared to fructooligosaccharide. When 1,2-hexanediol was applied with red ginseng formulation, only S. epidermidis showed selective growth. The analysis of the release rates of ginsenoside-Rg1 and -Re revealed that the exact content of Pluronic F-127 was around 11%. The application of hydrogel resulted in a decrease in C. acnes in all subjects. In subjects with low levels of S. epidermidis, the distribution of S. epidermidis was significantly increased with the application of hydrogel formulation and total microbial species of subjects decreased by 50% during the clinical trial. Conclusion: We confirmed that red ginseng formulation with 1,2-hexanediol can help maintain skin homeostasis through improvement of skin microbiome.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.48-48
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• 2020

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora(Burrill), is a destructive disease of apple that damages blossoms, shoots, and woody plant organs. The fire blight disease is a worldwide problem for pome fruit growers because all popular apple cultivars are susceptible to the disease. Recently, fire blight of apple rootstocks has become a serious economic problem in high-density orchard systems in korea. The most commonly used dwarfing root stocks, M.9 and M.26, are highly susceptible to E. amylovora. The objective of the apple rootstock-breeding program has been to develop pomologically excellent rootstocks with resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, including fire blight. Budagovsky 9 (B.9) apple rootstock is reported to be highly susceptible when inoculated with E. amylovora, although results from multiple trials showed that B.9 is resistant to rootstock blight infection in field plantings. So we tried to collect the apple rootstocks traits of fire blight resistance. The apple genotype Malus Robusta 5 (MR5) represents an ideal donor for fire blight resistance because it was described as resistant to all currently known European strains of the pathogen. The PCR for detecting the MR5 gene using the primers Md_MR5_FL_F/Md_MR5_FL_R. The results of these experiments confirmed some apple rootstocks traits of fire blight resistance showed the MR5. Furthermore, this gene is confirmed to be the resistance determinant of Mr5 as the transformed lines undergo the same gene-for-gene interaction in the host-pathogen relationship MR5-E. amylovora.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2024

In this study, a nickel hexacyanoferrate and manganese dioxide-polyacrylonitrile (NM-PAN) composite was synthesized and used for the sorptive removal of Co²⁺, Sr²⁺, and Cs⁺ Cs⁺ in radioactive laundry wastewater. Single- and multi-solute competitive sorptions onto NM-PAN were investigated. The Freundlich (Fr), Langmuir (Lang), Kargi-Ozmıhci (K-O), Koble-Corrigan (K-C), and Langmuir-Freundlich (Lang-Fr) models satisfactorily predicted all the single sorption data. The sorption isotherms were nonlinearly favorable (Freundlich coefficient, N_F = 0.385-0.426). Cs⁺ has the highest maximum sorption capacity (q_mL = 0.855 mmol g^-1) for NM-PAN compared to Co²⁺ and Sr²⁺, wherein the primary mechanism was the physical process (mainly ion-exchange). The competition between the metal ions in the binary and ternary systems reduced the respective sorption capacities. Binary and ternary sorption models, such as the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) model coupled with single sorption models of IAST-Fr, IAST-K-O, IAST-K-C and IAST-Lang-Fr, were fitted to the experimental data; among these, the IAST-Freundlich model showed the most satisfactory prediction for the binary and ternary systems. The presence of cationic surfactants highly affected the sorption on NM-PAN due to the increase in distribution coefficients (K_d) of Co²⁺ and Cs⁺.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 1992

($\alpha$+$\beta$) 영역에서 급냉된 지르칼로이-4 판재 시편에서 집합조직의 변화와 그 조직이 0.2% 항복강도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. ($\alpha$+$\beta$) 입자의 크기가 $\alpha$영역에서 소둔된 시편의 입자 크기보다 약간 클 경우 관찰되는 집합조직은 $\alpha$-소둔된 시편의 것 ((0001) 기저폴은 수직 방향에서 방향으로 30$^{\circ}$기울어져 분포)과 비슷하였다. ($\alpha$+$\beta$) 입자 크기가 $\alpha$ -소둔된 시편의 입자 크기보다 2배 정도로 커지면서 기저폴의 최대치는 수직 방향에서 방향 및 압연 방향으로 약 15$^{\circ}$기울어져 분포하여 집합조직은 등방성을 가졌다. 열처리 시간이 길어질수록 Kearns의 집합조직 변수 f는 압연 방향에서 증가하였고 횡 방향에서는 약간 커졌으며 수직방향에서는 계속 감소하였다. 압연 방향의 f가 조금 증가함에 따라 0.2% 항복강도는 크게 증가하였다. 변형 기구에 따른 Schmid인자와 분해전단응력을 구하여 집합조직이 항복강도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 급격한 항복강도의 증가는 주로 미세조직의 변화에 기인하였으며 집합조직이 미치는 영향은 상대적으로 작았다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2007

무선 센서네트워크에서 프로토콜을 설계하는데 가장 중요한 목표는 네트워크의 수명을 연장하는 것이다. 많은 수의 노드를 임으로 살포하기 때문에 노드는 주변의 많은 노드들과 센싱영역과 통신영역에 있어 중첩되는 부분이 많다. 이렇게 심한 중첩으로 인한 부하는 네트워크 수명에 심각한 영향을 미친다. 따라서 일반적으로 모든 노드들이 항상 센싱과 통신을 위해 활성화도리 필요는 없다. 네트워크 수명을 연장시키는 최적의 방법 중의 하나가 네트워크 커버리지와 연결성 보장을 유지하기위해 필요한 주변노드의 수를 구하는 것이다. 최근까지 무선 네트워크 분야에서 이를 위한 연구들이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 만일 네트워크 커버리지와 연결성을 만족시키는데 필수적으로 필요한 이웃노드들을 확보할 수 있다면, 노드들의 상태를 스케줄 하는 것이 아주 유용하다. 본 논문에서는 각 노드들이 자신만의 확률 값을 가지고 자신을 활성화 할지를 판단하는 새로운 활성 노드선택기법을 제안한다. 이 확률 값은 네트워크 커버리지와 연결성을 보장하기 위해 필수적으로 필요한 이웃노드의 개수와 확보된 이웃 노드의 수를 이용하여 구할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 F. Xue et al과 S. Song et al 의 연구결과를 이용하였으며, 필수적으로 필요한 노드수의 검증을 위해 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 실시하였으며, 일정한 확률 값을 가지는 기법과 비교하여 시뮬레이션 한 결과를 제시하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.651-659
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• 2015

최근에 사회적 요구와 경제적인 요구로 인해서 장스팬 건축물이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 장스팬 건축물은 자중이 증가하여 처짐 진동 소음의 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 판형중공슬래브가 제안되었는데 이는 슬래브 안에 일체형 중공재를 삽입함으로써 자중이 감소된 슬래브를 만들 수 있다. 이 시스템은 휨성능에는 영향을 받지 않는 단면을 중공재로 대체함으로써 슬래브의 강성은 그대로 유지하면서, 소음 및 처짐을 줄이고 자중을 감소할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 그러나 이 시스템의 경우 부력에 의해 일체화된 중공재가 상승한다는 단점이 있다. 따라서 판형 중공재 고정장치를 개발하였고, 또한 이를 삽입한 판형중공재의 성능을 알아보기 위하여 7개의 실험체를 제작하여 그 성능을 알아보고 그 결과 나타난 수평전단파괴에 대해서 예측을 할 수 있는 식을 제안하였다.