Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 17-13-01146) for Moscow State University.
References
- Zhang H, Wang D, Ru W, Qin Y, Zhou X. An overview on ginseng and energy metabolism. In: Bagchi D, editor. Sustained energy for enhanced human functions and activity. Academic Press; 2017. p. 205-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805413-0.00013-2.
- Li S, Liu C, Liu C, Zhang Y. Extraction and in vitro screening of potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from the leaves of Panax japonicas. J Chromatogr B 2017;1061-1062:139-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.019.
- Wang CZ, Anderson S, Du W, He TC, Yuan CS. Red ginseng and cancer treatment. Chin J Nat Med 2016;14:7-16. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1009.2016.00007.
- Lorz LR, Kim MY, Cho JY. Medicinal potential of Panax ginseng and its ginsenosides in atopic dermatitis treatment. J Gins Res 2020;44:8-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2018.12.012.
- Yang WZ, Ye M, Qiao X, Liu CF, Miao WJ, Bo T, Tao HY, Guo DA. A strategy for efficient discovery of new natural compounds by integrating orthogonal column chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis: its application in Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium and Panax notoginseng to characterize 437 potential new ginsenosides. Anal Chim Acta 2012;739:56-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.06.017.
- Lau AJ, Seo BH, Woo SO, Koh HL. High-performance liquid chromatographic method with quantitative comparisons of whole chromatograms of raw and steamed Panax notoginseng. J Chromatogr A 2004;1057:141-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.09.069.
- Sun BS, Gu LJ, Fang ZM, Wang CY, Wang Z, Lee MR, Li Z, Li JJ, Sung CK. Simultaneous quantification of 19 ginsenosides in black ginseng developed from Panax ginseng by HPLC-ELSD. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009;50:15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2009.03.025.
- Sloley BD, Lin YCJ, Ridgway D, Semple HA, Tam YK, Coutts RT, Lobenberg R, Tam-Zaman N. A method for the analysis of ginsenosides, malonyl ginsenosides, and hydrolyzed ginsenosides using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and positive mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection. J AOAC Int 2006;89:16-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.1.16
- Guo N, Zhu L, Song J, Dou D. A new simple and fast approach to analyze chemical composition on white, red, and black ginseng. Ind Crop Prod 2019;134:185-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.03.057.
- Li L, Luo GA, Liang QL, Hu P, Wang YM. Rapid qualitative and quantitative analyses of Asian ginseng in adulterated American ginseng preparations by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010;52:66-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2009.12.017.
- Razgonova MP, Zakharenko AM, Kalenik TK, Nosyrev AE, Stratidakis AK, Mezhuev YO, Burykina TI, Nicolae AC, Arsene AL, Tsatsakis AM, et al. Supercritical fluid technology and supercritical fluid chromatography for application in ginseng extracts. Farmacia 2019;67:202-12. https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2019.2.2.
- Shi X, Yang W, Huang Y, Hou J, Qiu S, Yao C, Feng Z, Wei W, Wu W, Guo D. Direct screening of malonylginsenosides from nine Ginseng extracts by an untargeted profiling strategy incorporating in-source collision-induced dissociation, mass tag, and neutral loss scan on a hybrid linear ion-trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018;1571:213-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.026.
- Cui JF. Identification and quantification of ginsenosides in various commercial ginseng preparations. Eur J Pharm Sci 1995;3:77-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/0928-0987(94)00077-D
- Zhang X, Song F, Cui M, Liu Z, Liu S. Investigation of the hydrolysis of ginsenosides by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Planta Med 2007;73:1225-9. https://doi.org/10.1055/s2007-981590.
- Zhu S, Zheng Z, Peng H, Sun J, Zhao XE, Liu H. Quadruplex stable isotope derivatization strategy for the determination of panaxadiol and panaxatriol in foodstuffs and medicinal materials using ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020;1616:460794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460794.
- Kim HW, Han SH, Lee SW, Choi HS, Suh HJ, Hong KB. Enzymatic hydrolysis increases ginsenoside content in Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer) and its biotransformation under hydrostatic pressure. J Sci Food Agric 2019;99:6806-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9965.
- Cao L, Wu H, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Yin X, Zheng D, Li C, Kim MJ, Kim P, Xue Z, et al. Highly efficient production of diverse rare ginsenosides using combinatorial biotechnology. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020;117(6):1615-27. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.27325.
- Stekolshchikova E, Turova P, Shpigun O, Rodin I, Stavrianidi A. Application of quantitative analysis of multi-component system approach for determination of ginsenosides in different mass-spectrometric conditions. J Chromatogr A 2018;1574:82-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.005.
- Zhang CX, Wang XY, Lin ZZ, Wang HD, Qian YX, Li WW, Yang WZ, Guo DA. Highly selective monitoring of in-source fragmentation sapogenin product ions in positive mode enabling group-target ginsenosides profiling and simultaneous identification of seven Panax herbal medicine. J Chromatogr A 2020;1618:460850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460850.
- Lee SM, Kim SC, Oh J, Kim JH, Na MK. 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rf: a new ginsenoside from red ginseng extract. Phytochem Lett 2013;6:620-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2013.08.002.
- Li C, Wang Z, Li G, Wang Z, Yang J, Li Y, Wang H, Jin H, Qiao J, Wang H, et al. Acute and repeated dose 26-week oral toxicity study of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in Kunming mice and Spraguee-Dawley rats. J Ginseng Res 2018;44:222-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2018.10.001.
Cited by
- Quality Distinguish of Red Ginseng from Different Origins by HPLC-ELSD/PDA Combined with HPSEC-MALLS-RID, Focus on the Sugar-Markers vol.8, pp.11, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8110198