• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.866-878
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• 2021

Procedures play a key role in ensuring safe operation at nuclear power plants (NPPs). Development and maintenance of a large number of procedures reflecting the best knowledge available in all relevant areas is a complex job. This paper introduces a newly developed methodology and the implemented software, called iExtractor, for the extraction of syntactic and semantic information from NPP procedures utilizing natural language processing (NLP)-based technologies. The steps of the iExtractor integrated with sets of rules and an ontology for NPPs are described in detail with examples. Case study results of the iExtractor applied to selected procedures of a U.S. commercial NPP are also introduced. It is shown that the iExtractor can provide overall comprehension of the analyzed procedures and indicate parts of procedures that need improvement. The rich information extracted from procedures could be further utilized as a basis for their enhanced management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1081-1090
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• 1988

A series of procedures using image processing techniques is presented for extracting layout information fast and automatically from chip images. CIF (caltech intermediate form) is chosen for representing such information. First, line-edges are extracted using a line-edge detector. Then, thinning and noise removal procedures follow. Subsequent procedures are vertex extraction and vertex grouping. Finally, CIF is extracted from the coordinates of the grouped vertices. In this paper, the final process is applied to only metal layer. In experiments, this processing scheme is shown to be very effective in extracting CIF.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.285-291
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• 2005

Effects of the aqueous or 50% ethanolic extracts prepared by various extraction procedures on macrophage activation were determined by using the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells as a indicator cell. The results demonstrated that the fractions prepared by aqueous extraction for 2 h and by microwave extraction with 50% ethanol at 60 W for 3 min had the greatest inducing abilities for NO production, and that the greatest ROS scavenging abilities were found in the fractions prepared by hot water extraction for 2 h or 3 h, by microwave extraction with 50% ethanol at 60 W for 3 min and by 0.5% HCl extraction, respectively. Phagocytotic activities against Candida albicans were found to be highest for the 50% ethanolic extracts prepared by microwave extraction for 3 min at 60 W, 80 W and 12 W, respectively. Especially, we found that a extract prepared by microwave extraction with 50% ethanol at 60 W for 3 min enables to induce effectively overall functional activation of macrophage, such as NO production, ROS scavenging and phagocytosis of C. albicans, respectively. These results demonstrated that a 50% ethanolic extraction using microwave at 60 W for 3 min would be useful for enrichment of macrophage-activating components contained in Hericium erinaceus, implying participation of protein-bound polysaccharides as a active factor.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1515-1518
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to compare 3 extraction methods including, solid phase extraction (SPE), acetonitrile extraction, and methanol extraction, for their usefulness as extraction methods to determine capsaicinoids. The determination of capsaicinoids in the extracts was carried out on a reverse-phased high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a fluorescence detector. Three extraction methods, i.e., SPE, acetonitrile extraction, and methanol extraction were compared for the quantification of capsaicinoids using raw peppers and pepper powder. The highest analytical values were observed using methanol extraction and the lowest values using SPE. Also, the analytical method validation parameters such as accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity were calculated to ensure the method's validity. This method provides a fast and accurate approach for the determination of capsaicinoids in peppers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1350-1357
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• 2003

This research was aimed to establish the standard extraction and analytical procedures for examining the chromophoric substance in madder root with the ultimate goal of identifying the dyes in badly faded textiles of archaeological origin. The separation temperature of gas chromatography, pH and other extraction conditions were tested. The results were as follows: The suitable separation temperature for the GC cappillary column was 50∼305$^{\circ}C$, and methanol was a good GC solvent for both standard alizarin and madder extraction. The best extraction of madder was achieved by 90 min soaking in room temperature followed by filtration and the actual heat extraction procedure. The best pH for extracting alizarin was pH 3 and above pH 5 alizarin was not detectible. Only alizarin and no purpurin was found in the extraction of the currently used madder plant.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 1996

Microgram quantities of DNA per gram soil were recovered with SDS- based and freeze-and thaw procedures. The average DNA fragment size was > 23 Kb. This method generated minimal shearing of extracted DNA. However, the DNA extracts still contained considerable amounts of humic impurities sufficient to inhibit PCR. Several approaches were used to reduce the interferences with the PCR (use of CTAF in extraction step, Elutip-d column purification, addition of BSA to PCR buffer) to accomplish PCR with DNA extract as a template. Most of the DNA extracts were not digested completely by restriction endonuclease, and CTAB-TREATED ane Elutip-d column purified DNA extracts were partially digested. Regarding as restriction enzyme digestion, all PCRs failed to amplify 16S rRNA gene fragments in the DNA extracts. In the case of DNA extracts only where BSA was added to PCR buffer, PCR was successfully conducted whether the DNA extracts were treated with CTAB or purified with columns. However, these two treatments were indispensable for humic impurity-rich DNA extracts to generate the PCR-compatible DNA samples. Direct extraction of DNA, coupled with these procedures to remove and relieve interferences by humic impurities and followed by the PCR, can be rapid and simple method for molecular microbiological study on soil microorganisms.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.354-359
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• 1997

Methods for the extraction of DNA from water sample were approximated. Four different procedures of DNA extraction were carried out with pellets obtained from centrifugation of 4 liter water samples. The recovery efficiency and purity of DNA extracted by each method from different sources were compared. DNA yield varied with extraction methods, Method I, which involves enzymatic and freeze-thaw lysis steps and phenol and phenol-chloroform purification of extracted nucleic acid, showed a significantly higher yield and purity than the other methods. The use of glass beads in the DNA extraction methods improved the purity of DNA suitable for PCR. Bovine serum albumin in the PCR reaction mixture was useful in reducing inhibitory effects of contaminants. The efficiency of an extraction method was determined by the detection of the aer of Aeromonas hydrophila with PCR. The lower limit of detection of A. hydrophila from seeded tap water was 2 CFU/ml in PCR when method I was used for DNA preparation.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.418-426
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• 1994

This study was aimed at the detection of 40 semi-volatile organic base/neutral compounds from soil among 129 priority pollutants listed by EPA. Two extraction procedures, sonication extraction and Soxhlet extraction, were studied as a extraction and concentration method for priority pollutants in soil. Extracts were analyted by GC/MS-SIM(selected ion monitoring). The analytical methods were tested by standard compounds spiked into blank soil. Accuracy and precision of the methods were measured by calculation of mean recovery and mean relative standard deviation. And the method detection limits were estimated.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.246-253
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• 1994

The simultaneous analysis of 11 semi-volatile organic acid compound which are listed as priority pollutants by EPA, were performed by GC/MS-SIM(selected ion monitoring). Two extraction procedures, sonication extraction and Soxhlet extraction, were studied as an extraction and concentration method for priority pollutants in soil. Accurecy and precision of the methods were measured by the calculation of mean recovery, mean relative standard deviation, and method detection limit. Finally, limitations and prospects were discussed.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.1 s.97
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• pp.150-155
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• 2007

This work was conducted to obtain a rapid, accurate, and precise procedure for free amino acids analysis in Doenjang with HPLC-OPA (high performance liquid chromatography using-phthalaldehyde) and AAA (automatic amino acid analyzer) methods. Different sample extraction procedures among water, 0.1 M perchloric acid, and 0.1% meta-phosphoric acid were also compared. The optimal extraction solvent was 0.1% meta-phosphoric acid for both the HPLC-OPA and AAA methods. Good recoveries for glycine and methionine were observed using the 0.1% meta-phosphoric acid extraction with HPLC-OPA method. Method precisions (% relative standard deviation) for the free amino acids ranged for 1.62% to 8.27%, in which the HPLC-OPA method with water extraction showed the lowest value at 1.62%. Inhibition rates of the free amino acids in Doenjang were greatest with an addition of NaCI at a 1% concentration.