• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.482-487
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• 2006

The identification of the exterior-interior pattern and the cold-heat pattern is one of the most frequently used diagnostic methods in Oriental medicine. No systematic studies, however, have yet been conducted to determine the emotional and autonomic factors involved in the exterior-interior and cold-heat. In this study, the relationships between depression, anxiety, and the exterior-interior and cold-heat patterns in 100 healthy female volunteers with a mean age of 42.77 were also investigated. The autonomic nervous system's control of human temperature is a well known fact. Thus, this paper also aimed to investigate the correlationof the autonomic nervous system and patterns of the exterior-interior and cold-heat. The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), which has become a popular non-invasive tool for assessing the activities of the autonomic nervous system, was conducted in this study. No relationship was found between the exterior-interior and cold-heat pattern scores and the degree-of-depression scores. But there was a significant difference between the exterior-interior and cold-heat pattern scores of the different anxiety types, and between those of the different anxiety levels. The depression and anxiety levels also had an effect on the HRV indices.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.147-154
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• 2022

In order to secure practising rapid pattern(證, zheng) differentiation against acute infectious diseases like corona virus disease-19(COVID-19) showing rapid variation and contagion, a simplified classification of stages centering on the exterior-interior pattern identification with 2 step-subdivision by cold, heat, deficiency, excess pattern and pathogens is proposed. Pattern differentiation by compound patterns of 8 principles is made for the non-severe stage of general cold and the early mild stage of epidemic disease. Compound pattern's names of 8 principles about external infectious diseases are composed of three stages, that is disease site-characters-etiology. Based on early stage symptoms of fever or chilling etc., exterior, interior and half exterior and half interior patterns are determined first, and then cold, heat, deficiency, excess patterns of exterior and interior pattern respectively are determined, and then more concrete differentiation on pathogens of wind, dryness, dampness and dearth of qi, blood, yin, yang accompanied with constitutional and personal illness factors. Summarizing above descriptions, 4 patterns of exterior cold, exterior heat, exterior deficiency, exterior excess and their secondary compound patterns of exterior cold deficiency and exterior cold excess and so on are classified together with treatment method and available decoction for a standard measure of eight principle pattern differentiation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.224-228
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• 2006

The pattern identification of exterior-interior syndrome and cold-heat syndrome is one of the diagnostic methods using most frequently in Oriental medicine. There was no systematic studies analyzing the characteristics of the 'exterior-interior and cold-heat' between healthy and disease group. In this study, cold-heat pattern, blood pressure, pulse rate, height and weight are recorded from 100 healthy subjects and 196 disease subjects with age ranging from 30 to 59 years. To analyze the differences between healthy and disease group, we used the descriptive statistics. And linear regression function, linear support vector machine and bayesian classifier were used for distinguishing healthy group from disease group. The score of both exterior-heat and interior-cold in healthy group is higher than the score in disease group. This means that if one belongs to the disease group, his(or her) exterior gets cold and his interior gets hot. And also, these result have no relevance to age. But, the attempt to classify healthy group from disease group with a exterior-interior and cold-heat and other vital signs did not have good performance. It mean that even though they have a different trend each other, only these kinds of information couldn't classify healthy group and disease group.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.65-85
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• 2020

Objectives The aim of study was to suggest diagnostic indicator according to Exterior-Interior disease for the Sasang Constitution based on original symptom. Methods We investigated the literature(『Dongeuisusebowon sinchukbon』) and another study(Clinical Practice Guideline for Disease of Sasang Constitutional Medicine: Diagnosis and Algorithm). As a result, we developed diagnostic indicator of original symptom for Exterior-Interior disease in Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Results and Conclusions Diagnosis of Exterior-Interior disease in Sasang Constitution was decided by heat and cold of original symptom. Detailed indicators of diagnosis in Exterior-Interior disease were heat/cold sensitivity, the degree of sweating, the amount of drinking water, thirst, face color and somatalgia.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2011

1. Objectives: This study is aimed to develop the algorithm, which can help clinicians diagnose Soeumin's symptomology, based on the indexes such as dry mouth, water drinking, sweat, urine, appetite, digestion, and stool, etc. 2. Methods: This research analyzes the items of "Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)" to reveal the inevitable and sequential indexes of Soeumin's symptomology diagnosis, in order of exterior-interior pattern differentiation, favorable-unfavorable pattern differentiation, and mild-severe-dangerous-urgent pattern differentiation. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) 1st step: Soeumin's exterior pattern and interior pattern are differentiated in terms of heat and cold, respectively. Stool and digestion are used to confirm the difference. 2) 2nd step: The existence of sweat is used to find out that an exterior pattern is with or without favor, while the indexes of stool, dry mouth, and generalized pain are used to identify an interior pattern with or without favor. 3) 3rd step: The favorably exterior-heat pattern can be either mild or severe by the indexes of cold-heat, stool, tidal fever, and manic raving, panting and straight looking, while the unfavorably exterior-heat pattern can be either dangerous or urgent by the ones of cold-heat, stool, and urine. And, the favorably interior-cold pattern can be either mild or severe by the indexes of stuffiness and fullness, jaundice, and edema, while the unfavorably interior-cold pattern can be either mild or severe by the ones of vexation level.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.294-303
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• 2011

1. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop the algorithm, which can help clinicians diagnose Soyangin's symptomatology, based on the indexes for energy and fluid and those for nutrient material. 2. Methods: The items of "Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)" were analysed to figure out the inevitable and sequential indexes of Soyangin's symptomatology diagnosis, in order of exterior-interior pattern differentiation, favorable-unfavorable pattern differentiation, and mild-severe-dangerous-urgent pattern differentiation. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) 1st step: Soyangin's exterior pattern and interior pattern are differentiated in terms of heat and cold, respectively. Aversion to cold and feces are used to confirm the difference. 2) 2nd step: The existence of diarrhea is used to find out that an exterior pattern is with or without favor, while the indexes of back cold, skinniness of thigh-knee and turbid urine are used to identify an interior pattern with or without favor. 3) 3rd step: The favorably exterior-heat pattern can be either mild or severe by the indexes of stuffiness/rigidity/pain below the heart and digestion, while the unfavorably exterior-heat pattern can be either dangerous or urgent by the ones of cold-heat and specific pain. And, the favorably interior-cold pattern can be either mild or severe mainly by feces and subsidiarily by delirious speech and digestion, while the unfavorably interior-cold pattern can be either mild or severe by afternoon tidal fever and vomiting.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-78
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• 2011

1. Objectives: We aimed to propose a sub-classification system for the Taeeumin symptomatology by examining the Taeeumin pathology and symptomatology descriptions appearing in "Donguisusebowon". 2. Methods: The Gabo Edition and the Sinchuk Edition (the upgraded and revised edition) of "Donguisusebowon" were reviewed and examined for relevant information on the Taeeum pathology and symptomatology. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) In the Taeeumin symptomatology, the Exterior disease develops from the basic pathology of Esophagus-Cold and the Interior disease from that of Liver-Heat, eventually progressing to damage of the expirational and dispersive energy of the Lung Sector, the Prime Core Organ or the excessively small organ of the Taeeum constitutional type. The resulting pathology can be broadly defined as the "Lung-Dryness symptomatology". 2) The case reports introduced in the Exterior disease section, including the Zhang Zhongjing Mahuang-tang treatment, Prolonged-affliction disease treatment, and Exterior disease Pestilential disease treatment, share several points in common. They all arise from the pathology of "weakness in the Lung sector and deficiency in the Exterior sector", and they can all be assigned to the same symptomatological division that presents with systemic heat and cold intolerance; this symptomatology can be defined as the "Esophagus-Cold symptomatology", the milder subdivision of the exterior symptomatology. 3) The body of text appearing in the last part of the Interior disease section commonly referred to as the "Taeeumin Conspectus" is in fact not a conspectus when its contents are actually examined. Instead, it can be understood from its pathological and symptomatological descriptions that the passage is explaining the more severe subdivision of the exterior symptomatology that has progressed from Esophagus-Cold to a pathology characterized by damaged expirational and dipersive energy of the Lung Sector. 4) The relocation of the "dry-related pathology" indicates a change in perspective regarding the "Dry-related symptomatology", which caused the rearrangement of the Interior disease into divisions of Liver-Heat symptomatology that is characterized by fulminant heat pathology and Dry-Heat symptomatology that is also accompanied by Lung-Dryness. 5) The Interior disease Yin-Blood Consumptive symptomatology should be included in the Dry-Heat symptomatology in the pathological scheme. 6) Based on the above, the subdivisions of the Taeeumin symptomatology should be arranged as "Esophagus-Cold symptomatology" and "Lung-Dry-Cold symptomatology" in the Exterior disease and "Liver-Heat symptomatology" and "Dry-Heat symptomatology" in the Interior disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.857-866
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• 2002

The main current in the pathology of oriental medicine is composed of etiologic factor, pathogenesis and clinical manifestation. The access of a disease is consist of etiologic factor, location of the lesion, nature of the disease and patient's condition. The nature of disease and the property of a drug are inseparably related to each other. The nature of disease is composed of six exogenous factors, cold and heat, deficiendy and excess, Yinyang and pain. Cold nature is divided into cold symptom due to excess and asthenia cold, fever nature is divided into sthenic fever and asthenic fever. According to the location, cold and heat can be subdivided into heat in the upper and cold in the lower, cold in the upper and heat in the lower, exterior cold and interior heat, exterior heat and interior cold. Yin syndrome characterized by hypofunction of the viscera is generated from insufficiency of yang-qi, excess of yin-coldness, deficiency of both qi and the blood.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

We analyzed 45 types of herbal medicines for Soyangin, clinically applied in Dongyisoosebowon. In order to discover the standard of herbal classification for the Sasang constitutions, four concepts of Sasang Medicine were applied. These included 'Sadangron(theory of four groups)', 'Seungganggaehap(ascending-descending and gathering-dispersing)', 'Pyorihanyoul(exterior-interior and hot-cold)', and 'Hyungchiaekmi(fragrance, smell, bodily fluid and taste)'. According to these analyzing methods of herbal properties, we have reached the following conclusions: Herbal medicines for 'Soyangin' are characterized by descending energetics that reinforce the Yin Qi. The 'Exterior cold disease' is treated with herbs that descend the "Exterior Yin" in five ways: by releasing exterior, by resolving dampness, by clearing and transforming heat phlegm, by clearing heat, and by settling and calming the spirit. The 'Interior heat disease' is treated with herbs that raise the "Interior Yang" in three ways: by tonifying kidney Yin, by clearing heat, and by clearing heat and purging.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

1. Objectives This study is purposed to classify deficiency syndrome(虛證) and Excess syndrome(實證) of chief lung-disorder diseases. 2. Methods It was researched on the comparative and literal study about the relation to Yeong-Chu Gyeong-maek Chapter (${\ulcorner}$靈樞 經脈編${\Ircorner}$) and Dongui-Bogam (${\ulcorner}$東醫寶鑑${\Ircorner}$) and Dongui-Susebowon (${\ulcorner}$東醫壽世保元${\Ircorner}$) in chief lung-disorder symptoms or diseases. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) The chief lung-disorder diseases of Yeong-Chu Gyeong-maek Chapter (${\ulcorner}$靈樞 經脈編${\Ircorner}$), Dongui-Bogam (${\ulcorner}$東醫寶鑑${\Ircorner}$) and Dongui-Susebowon (${\ulcorner}$東醫壽世保元${\Ircorner}$) are asthma(喘), coughing(咳), fullness in the chest(胸滿), sweating symptoms(汗出), cold-heat symptoms(寒熱), dysphoria(煩躁) and sneezing. (2) Asthma symptom(喘) was shown to Soeumin's 4 exterior deficiency diseases, Taeumin's 1 exterior deficiency disease and 1 interior excess disease, and Soyangin's 1 interior excess disease. (3) Coughing symptom(咳) was shown to Soeumin's 1 extrerior deficiency disease and Taeumin's 1 interior excess disease. (4) Fullness in the chest(胸滿) was shown co Soyangin's 4 exterior excess diseases. (5) Sweating symptoms(汗出) was shown to Soeumin's 10 exterior deficiency diseases, Taeumins's 1 exterior deficiency disease, and Soyangin's 1 exterior defecieny disease. (6) Cold-heat symptoms(寒熱) was shown to Soyangin's 4 exterior excess diseases. (7) Dysphoria(煩躁) was shown co Soeumin's 1 exterior deficiency disease and 8 interior deficiency diseases, Taeumin's 1 interior excess disease, and Soyangin's 4 exterior excess and interior excess diseases. (8) Sneezing symptom was shown to Taeumin's 1 exterior excess disease.