• Title/Summary/Keyword: expectations

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Effects of an Intervention of Nutrition Education Program based on Social Cognitive Theory for the Elderly Visiting Public Health Center in Jinhae-Province (보건소 방문 어르신 대상 사회적 인지론 적용한 영양교육의 효과)

  • Seo, Eun Hee
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.313-326
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    • 2016
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a nutrition education program for the elderly at a public health center located in Jinhae city. The one group pretest and posttest design was conducted using self-administered questionnaire survey. Nutrition education lessons based on social cognitive theory (2 hours/lesson, 3 times) were provided to 27 female elderly(${\geq}65$ yrs) for a month. After the nutrition education, number of exercise increased and preference for sweetness decreased significantly (p<0.05). The outcome expectations, the knowledge of nutrition (p<0.001), and behavioral capability (p<0.05) score were significantly increased. There were significant increases in all nutrient intake. NAR was increased significantly in protein, calcium and vitamin C (p<0.01), dietary fiber, iron, zinc, thiamin, niacin and folic acid (p<0.001), and riboflavin (p<0.05). INQ was increased significantly in thiamin, vitamin B6 and niacin (p<0.05), and dietary fiber (p<0.01). The score of nutrition education satisfaction was high (4.52). The results of this study suggested that the nutritional education program based on social cognitive theory had a positive effect on dietary behavior changes, and nutrition intake status among female elderly even after short-term intervention.

An analysis of corrective feedback and learner uptake in college EFL class: With a focus on teachers' and learners' attitude (대학에서의 영어 말하기 오류수정 피드백과 학습자 반응: 교사와 학습자의 태도를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Na-Yun;Lee, Eun-Joo
    • English Language & Literature Teaching
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.237-264
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    • 2009
  • The present study explores patterns of teachers' corrective feedback and learners' uptake in Korean EFL undergraduate classroom setting. It also examines consistencies and discrepancies in the perception of corrective feedback by teachers and learners. Teachers' and learners' preferences and perception of corrective feedback are further analyzed to determine whether or not those differ from actual practices in English language learning classrooms. The results of the study are as follows. First of all, teachers' corrective feedback type varied according to the learners' error type and English proficiency level. There was a lack of consistency between the teachers' feedback practices and the learners' error types. Second, for the phonological errors, learners' data witnessed the most frequent uptake on recast. For the other error types, however, the learners' uptake rates were high for the explicit corrective feedback. Third, the teachers' explicit knowledge of corrective feedback was rather low and the preferences differed from teacher to teacher. The teachers' feedback perception and preferences did not consistently reflect their actual practices. Finally, patterns of the learners' expectations of corrective feedback varied according to learners' proficiency level. Teachers' and learners' expectations of corrective feedback were also compared and some mismatches were detected.

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Cache Optimization on Hot-Point Proxy Caching Using Weighted-Rank Cache Replacement Policy

  • Ponnusamy, S.P.;Karthikeyan, E.
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.687-696
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    • 2013
  • The development of proxy caching is essential in the area of video-on-demand (VoD) to meet users' expectations. VoD requires high bandwidth and creates high traffic due to the nature of media. Many researchers have developed proxy caching models to reduce bandwidth consumption and traffic. Proxy caching keeps part of a media object to meet the viewing expectations of users without delay and provides interactive playback. If the caching is done continuously, the entire cache space will be exhausted at one stage. Hence, the proxy server must apply cache replacement policies to replace existing objects and allocate the cache space for the incoming objects. Researchers have developed many cache replacement policies by considering several parameters, such as recency, access frequency, cost of retrieval, and size of the object. In this paper, the Weighted-Rank Cache replacement Policy (WRCP) is proposed. This policy uses such parameters as access frequency, aging, and mean access gap ratio and such functions as size and cost of retrieval. The WRCP applies our previously developed proxy caching model, Hot-Point Proxy, at four levels of replacement, depending on the cache requirement. Simulation results show that the WRCP outperforms our earlier model, the Dual Cache Replacement Policy.

Impact Analysis of BIM Spread on Mechanical Design Process Based on Consciousness Survey among Japanese Mechanical Engineers

  • Hiyama, Kyosuke;Diao, Yunting;Kato, Shisuke;Koganei, Makoto
    • International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.97-104
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    • 2013
  • Recently, the demand for Building Information Modeling (BIM) construction drawings and specifications has increased rapidly. Many countries have also started to implement BIM. The BIM implementation can change the design flow of buildings including high-rise buildings. Against this background, many companies are focusing on the development of BIM software. BIM involves a three-dimensional CAD program that can examine the placement of ductwork and machinery. It significantly increases the efficiency of a mechanical design through data unification using standard Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). In addition, BIM functions as a database to simplify the use of simulation technology for designing air-conditioning systems. To further develop BIM, it is important to know the expectations of mechanical engineers who will become frequent users of BIM in the future. A survey was conducted among Japanese mechanical engineers using a questionnaire to analyze the expectations of mechanical design using BIM. The results show that many respondents strongly recognize BIM as a three-dimensional CAD program. However they also expect that BIM can help the optimization of their design works and enhance design functionality by running simulations utilizing BIM.

The Lead-Lag Relationship between BSI and Industrial Production Index in Construction Industry (건설업 BSI와 산업생산지수 간의 선후행성)

  • Yoo, Han-Soo
    • Land and Housing Review
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.33-37
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    • 2020
  • The aim of this paper is to scrutinize the relation between Business Survey Index and Industrial Production Index in construction industry, stated in another way, the relation between CEO's expectations of future business status and real business activity in construction industry. Previous papers on this research area have been examined the relation between released BSI and released IPI. However, this paper focuses 'the relation between released BSI and the long-run component of IPI' and 'the relation between released BSI and the short-run component of IPI'. The first step is to decompose released IPI by unobserved component model. The long-run component of IPI is set up as a random walk process. And short-run component is set up as a stationary AR(1) process. The findings are as follows. First, released BSI Granger causes unidirectionally released IPI. Second, there exists one-way Granger causality from released BSI to long-run component of IPI. Third, Granger causality does not exist between released BSI and 'short-run component of IPI'. BSI increases IPI in the second or third month. These findings of this paper mean that CEO's expectations may influence industrial production in construction industry.

Successful Aging according to Korean Elderly: The Definition, Types, and Predicting Variables (한국노인들이 기대하는 성공적인 노화의 개념, 유형 및 예측요인)

  • Paik Jee-Eun;Choi Hye-Kyoung
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.23 no.3 s.75
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2005
  • This study explored the elements, types, and determining factors of successful aging for the Korean elderly. In order to examine the expectations of the Korean elderly, a sample of 377 elderly aged 65 and over living in Seoul and Kyunggi areas was selected and interviewed. The elements of successful aging that the Korean elderly pointed out in the interviews were: 'peaceful and comfortable life', 'self-maintenance,' 'secure social support,' and 'ostentation.' The expected elements of successful aging were further classified into three types of successful aging: 'idealized expectation.' 'self-centered expectation,' 'balanced self-other expectation.' The elderly groups sorted by the types exhibited significant differences in terms of demographic characteristics, self-evaluated economic status, and self-evaluated health status. The variables that affected the expectations were age, level of education, marital status, gender, and self-evaluated health condition. However, further analysis revealed that the factors that affected the expectation for successful aging were different for male and female elderly. The results suggest that the successful aging of Korean elderly should be understood in the context of Korean society and culture. The results could be used to better understand varied and unique life of Korean elderly, as well as in establishing a basis of intervention that meets the specific demands of the Korean elderly.

User Expectations and Preferences of Door Lock Control Devices (문 잠금 조정장치에 관한 사용자 기대 및 선호도)

  • Jung, Hwa S.;Jung, Hyung-shik
    • Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.283-291
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    • 2003
  • The purposes of this study are to investigate the stereotype of position and direction that users expect door lock control devices in different orientations, and to collect information regarding preferred door lock design and orientations. Six hundred subjects aged from lOs to 60s were surveyed under the operating conditions of three different door locks(cylindrical, circular-type, and lever-type auxiliary locks) mounted on the miniature door in two different orientations(right and left side). The door locks presented to the subjects were the most widely used door locks in our living environment. The results indicated that if the door locks were seen from the inside, 59~67% of the subjects expected 'vertical' position locking depending on the door lock control types, cylinder or auxiliary lock. When the door locks were seen from the outside, the locking direction of door lock control was not consistent either 'clockwise' or 'counterclockwise'. It was rather dependent on the orientation of the door lock positions. As a concluding remark, it is better to design and install door lock control devices in the way that users expect them to work.

Factors Affecting on Student Math Self-efficacy of Korea and Singapore based on PISA 2012 (PISA 2012에서 나타난 한국과 싱가포르 학생의 수학 자아효능감에 대한 영향 요인)

  • Xiang, Xiaoqing;Yum, Sichang;Kang, Daejung
    • The Mathematical Education
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.49-63
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    • 2015
  • PISA 2012 showed that while Korean students achieved high-level math achievement in mathematics their levels are relatively lower in math self-efficacy. Students from Singapore, on the other hand, achieved high scores both in math achievement and in math self-efficacy. The results of the two countries differed although both countries has been sharing the same East Asian cultural sphere. This study analyzed the input and the process variables on the student- and school-level concerning math self-efficacy. The results were as follows. In Korea, math interest, instrumental motivation, elaboration strategies, applied and pure math tasks were the student-level variables that affected math self-efficacy. In Singapore, math interest, control strategies, elaboration strategies, applied and pure math tasks were the student-level variables that affected mathematics self-efficacy. Math club, teachers' low expectations were the school-level variables that affected math self-efficacy. For a higher-level of math self-efficacy in Korea, it is important to encourage students not only to use control strategies, but to participate in math clubs. It is equally important for teachers to have higher expectations towards students.

Outbound Service Quality at Wan Hai Lines

  • Giao, Ha Nam Khanh;Trung, Bao;Truong, Pham Quang
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.177-185
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    • 2019
  • Service quality is still a new concept to those who works in shipping lines services since it has not been identified as a mandatory factor to increase competitiveness. Most carriers are currently offering services at the same level of price, transit time, equipment, etc. Thus offering a high quality service is the best way for a carrier to differentiate itself from its competitors in the market. The research aims to conduct an assessment on service quality at Wan Hai Lines (WHL) outbound services based on the SERVQUAL model, form of dimension-by-dimension analysis. This study was based on a survey of 135 people. The outcome is the service quality of WHL outbound services can be identified by three dimension(s): Empathy and Responsiveness, Assurance, and Reliability. It would help management to have an overall picture about the current service quality, and to find solutions to improve service quality following the recommendations. WHL managers need to recognize that "Reliability" has the strongest influence on customers' expectations, then come "Empathy and Responsiveness" and "Assurance". Therefore, board of managers should spend time looking carefully at each of the three dimensions, especially for the biggest gap between perceptions and expectations of three dimensions as well. Then the recommendations were raised.

Accessory penis: A rare method of peno-urethral separation of sexual function and voiding following successful complex hypospadias reconstruction with a free ileum flap

  • Elia, Rossella;Pafitanis, Georgios;Ciudad, Pedro;Chen, Hung-Chi
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.381-385
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    • 2019
  • Hypospadias is a congenital malformation of the male genitalia. The reconstructive objectives are to obtain voiding with laminar flow and satisfactory sexual function. Several urethroplasty techniques have been described, but for perineal or revisional cases no single technique has shown robust success. In this study, we describe the expanded use of intestinal flaps for urethral reconstruction and report a peculiar request from a patient to undergo peno-urethral separation after successful hypospadias repair with a free ileum flap. A 51-year-old male patient with perineal hypospadias underwent several urethral reconstructive procedures with poor outcomes. A free ileum flap was attempted as a substitute for the urethra. Following successful reconstruction, separation of the neo-urethra (ileum) from the penile body was performed to address the patient's sexual expectations. A free ileum flap proved to be a reliable urethral substitute in perineal hypospadias reconstruction, with a successful outcome. The peno-urethral separation with the creation of an "accessory penis," however peculiar, optimized the results in terms of both sexual and urinary function. Anatomical restoration of the urethra and patient-reported expectations are the key to successful hypospadias reconstructive procedures. Sexual function outcomes and the patient's perception of success should not be underestimated, even when urinary function has been restored.