• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.41-52
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• 2013

This study was carried out in order to analyze the succession characteristics of the slope of expressways and the results of analysis by collecting and analyzing various literatures and data from 2011 to 2012 and surveying 75 expressway slope, as follows : The construction methods applied to planting the slope of an expressway can be classified into 4 types including 3 Climber planting methods, 8 Vegetation thick-layer spray work methods, 4 Seed spray work methods, and 4 Stabilization work methods. The factors which affect the cover degree of the slope of an expressway were found to be development years, gradient, length, and azimuth. Like surrounding forest areas, the expressway slope was analyzed to begin the plant succession 20, 30, and 40 years after development, and plant succession was developed in diversity in a mixed stand forest according to surrounding forest floors. Species diversity, maximum species diversity, and the evenness of slope facing north were analyzed to be high comparing to those facing east, west, and south according to azimuth of slope. Species diversity, maximum species diversity, evenness of slope, and the plant succession of surroundings were analyzed to be high when the gradient of the slope was less than $40^{\circ}$. The dominant species which success on the slope of an expressway and its surrounding forest area included Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Zoysia japonica, Pinus thunbergii Parl, Rubus crataegifolius, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Amorpha fruticosa, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, and Oenothera biennis.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2011

Fish community structure in the Pyeongchanggang River was investigated from April to November 2009. About 900 individuals representing 24 species from eight families at six sites in the Pyeongchanggang River were collected. It was similar to the 2001's survey and it was less than 2006's survey. The Korean endemic species, Zacco koreanus was the most abundant, whereas subdominant species were native species, such as Pungtungia herzi, Zacco platypus, Rhynchocypris kumgangensis and Rhynchocypris oxycephalus. Three endangered species were collected at the sampling area, Acheilognathus signifier (relative abundance [RA] 0.9%), Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa (RA 1.4%), and Cottus koreanus (RA 3.6%). One natural monument species, Hemibarbus mylodon, was included. According to the analysis of ecological indicator characteristics, the relative proportion of tolerant species was 6.3% (57 individuals), whereas the proportion of sensitive species was 65.9% (593 individuals). Species evenness, richness and diversity indices decreased gradually through the month from April to November during the study. Community indices in Pyeongchanggang River showed a high evenness index (J'>0.6), a low level of species richness (R<3.5) and a medium level of diversity (1.5

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.123-140
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• 1998

The flora of Kunsan Wolmyong park was 77 families, 168 genera, 240 species, 2 subspecies, 35 varieties, 1 formae or 278taxa. Using the Phytosociology method, 12 plant communities were recognized ; Alnus japonica, Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus rigida, Castanea crenata, Quercus acutissima, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Alnus hirsuta, Quercus serrata, Aluns firma, Liriope platyphylla and Reynoutria communities. Similarity between different communities was low for most of the cases except for Pinus densiflora, Pinus Thunbergii and Pinus rigida communities kept comparely high with ond another. Species diversity was analyzed by species richness(SR), species diversity index(H') and evenness(J'). Castanea crenata, Robinia pseudo-acacia and Alnus firma communities were higher in SR, H' than the other communities. But Pinus rigida, Quercus acutissima and castanea crenata communities were higher in evenness than the other communities. To investigate the plant community structure and to establish restoration counter plan of a Wolmyeng Park in Kunsan City. As a remedial approach, following is propesed. first, Establishment of an adequate planting plan and development of slope stalilization method by planting native species. second, Sellection of adequate species by planting experiments for pioneer species, native species, and dietary species. third, Landscape planting zones should be managed artificially, the others be managed with ecological approach.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.104-111
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• 2015

Factors influencing penetration of PVAm solution into paper during impregnation were investigated with ultrasonic Penetration Evenness Analyzer (PEA). Paper structure was varied by changing basis weight, freeness of pulp, calendering, and filler addition, and hydrophobicity of paper was varied by adding AKD. In addition, the viscosity of PVAm solution was varied by changing the concentration of PVAm solution. Important factors influencing penetration of PVAm solution into paper were found to be the pore structure and the hydrophobicity of paper, and the viscosity of PVAm solution. Pore structure of paper could be controlled by refining degree and filler addition and hydrophobicity of paper could be controlled by internal sizing. Denser structure of paper, higher hydrophobicity and higher liquid viscosity slowed down the penetration of PVAm solution into paper.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.66-75
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• 2021

In 2014, fishes caught using stow nets in coastal waters off Gochang from May to October were assessed for appearance patterns. The fishes were caught at four research stations (St.) and were found to comprise 37 species, 18 families, and 7 orders. The dominant species were Thryssa kammalensis, Setipinna tenuifilis, and Sardinella zunasi. To gain a measure of their biodiversity, all species were assessed for their number, richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance. The highest and lowest numbers of total fishes caught were recorded in September (4,819 individuals) and October (828 individuals), respectively. The diversity was the highest in October (H' = 2.478) and lowest in June (H' = 0.880). The evenness index was the highest in October (E = 0.780) and lowest in June (E = 0.343). The richness index was the highest in October (R = 3.424) and lowest in May (R = 1.552). Finally, the dominance index was the highest in June (D = 86.2%) and lowest in October (D = 40.3%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.287-295
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• 2018

The ichthyoplanktons were sampled to study distribution of the ichthyoplankton in coastal waters of Nanji-Island in August and November 2015 and January and May 2016. During the study, fish eggs of eight different species were collected. Engraulis japonicus was the most dominant species which accounted 44.80%. Sebastes schlegeli comprised 31.39% of the total larvae and juveniles. The diversity index of species per month of the collected juveniles at Nanji Island from 2015 to 2016 was 0.598-1.770 and the evenness index was 0.432-0.761. In case of dominance index was 0.619-0.897 against the evenness index. The analyzed species diversity index by the each station was 0.818-1.945 and the dominance index was 0.492-0.897 against the species diversity index. The months of August and May exhibited similar results. In addition, the community structure was very similar in state 2 and state 3.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2021

In 2012, fishes caught by three-side fyke net in the coastal waters of Jedo were assessed for species composition and seasonal fluctuation in their abundance. The fish were caught at two research stations (St.) and were found to comprise 53 species, 39 families, and 9 orders. The dominant species were Takifugu niphobles, Lateolabrax maculatus, and Acanthopagrus schlegelii. To gain a measure of their biodiversity, all the species were assessed for their number, richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance. The highest and lowest number of total caught fish individuals was recorded in summer and winter, respectively. The diversity index was the highest in summer and lowest in winter. The evenness index was the highest in summer and lowest in spring. The richness index was highest in summer and lowest in winter. Furthermore, the dominance index was highest in spring and lowest in autumn.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.144-152
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• 2021

Sanankerto is one of pilot projects for tourism villages in Indonesia due to its natural tourism potential with a 24-ha bamboo forest located in Boon Pring Andeman area. However, the distribution of existing bamboo has never been identified or mapped. Thus, the mana gement is facing difficulty in planning and developing tourism potential as well as spatial management in the area. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify and analyze the structure of bamboo vegetation in the Boon Pring Tourism village an d to perform vegetation mapping. The type of research was descriptive exploratory with a cluster sampling technique (i.e., a two-stage cluster) covering an area of ± 10 ha. Bamboo vegetation analysis was performed by calculating diversity index (H'), evenness index (E), and Species Richness index (R). Data were collected through observation and interviews with local people and the manager to determine zonation division. Mapping of bamboo vegetation based on zoning was processed into thematic maps using ArcG is 10.3. Micro climatic factors were measured with three replications for each sub -cluster. Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Nine species of bamboo identified. Diversity, evenness, and species richness indices differed at each location. Activities of local communities, tourists, and manager determined the presence, number, and distribution of bamboo species. These bamboo distribution maps in three zoning (utilization, buffer, and core) can be used by manager for planning and developing natural tourism potential.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.288-301
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• 2023

This study aims to identify benthic macroinvertebrate fauna inhabiting at the mountain valley stream (Mt. Cheonggye) in Korea and the relationship between physical environmental factors and biological indices. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected at five locations on August 24 and October 14, 2020, and were identified as 4 phyla, 7 classes, 16 orders, 42 families, and 72 species. Dominance ranged from 0.38 to 0.59, diversity 2.81 to 3.75, richness 3.25 to 4.63, evenness 0.65 to 0.84, and %EPT (Ephemeroptera-PlecopteraTrichoptera) richness value 42% to 73%, respectively. All sites were evaluated as a very good status by mostly biological indices based on tolerance of indicator organisms in Korea. As a result of principal component analysis, biological indices are classified into species-level indices and higher cartegory-level indices according to the taxonomic level of the indicator organism considered in each index. As a result of canonical correspondence analysis, it was confirmed that current velocity was a major factor that increased species richness and classified biological indices according to taxonomic category level. Water depth was a major factor related to the community indices, and the deeper the water depth, the lower the diversity and the evenness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.408-421
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate flora and vegetation in cutting slope along a construction age sequence (2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012) of forest roads in Yongchiri, Younghyunmyon, Sacheonshi, Geyongsangnamdo. Mean slopes of the cutting and banking slopes of forest roads constructed were ranged from $42^{\circ}$ to $54^{\circ}$. Soil texture in the cutting and banking sides of forest roads constructed in 2012 was loam, while sandy loam in the cutting and banking slopes of forest roads constructed between 2007 and 2011. Vegetation cover percentage was higher in the banking slopes (66%) than the cutting slopes (49%) of forest roads. Total flora were higher in the banking slopes (50 species) than the cutting slopes (46 species) of forest roads. Species diversity was generally higher in the banking slopes than in the cutting slopes in all forest roads. In addition, the species diversity index was the highest in the cutting slopes (1.4015) of forest roads constructed in 2011, while the highest in the banking slopes (1.5603) of forest roads constructed in 2012. The results indicate that evenness index in the cutting and banking slopes of recent construction roads was high compared with old construction roads because of the distribution of simple plant species.