• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.5 s.81
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• pp.469-480
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• 2004

The radon concentrations were measured to survey distribution of radon concentrations in Seoul subway stations. The radon concentrations in air and water were measured at seventeen subway stations(Mapo, Chungjongno, Sodaemun, Kwanghwamun, Chongno3ga, Ulchiro4ga, Tangdaemun, Sangildong on Line 5;Nowon, Chunggye, Hagye, Kongnung, Taenung, Mokkol, Chunghwa, Sangbong, Myomok on Line 7) using the $RAdtrak^{TM}$ radon gas detector, Pylon AB-5 continuous passive radon detector and liquid scintillation counting method from January to May 1999. The major results obtained from this study were as follows: The long-term mean concentrations of radon were $61.8\;Bq/m^3$ in office, $78.9\;Bq/m^3$ in platform, $38.2\;Bq/m^3$ in concourse and $20.1\;Bq/m^3$ in outdoor, respectively. These levels were less than the action level ($148\;Bq/m^3$) of the U.S. EPA. The highest level of short-term mean concentrations was $116.55\;Bq/m^3$ at Chongno3ga station on the 5th line subway stations, while the lowest mean concentration was $19.55\;Bq/m^3$ at Mokkol station on the 7th line subway stations. The highest concentration of radon in the road water and storing underground water in the subway stations was $234.7\;KBq/m^3\;and\;155.5\;KBq/m^3$ in Sodaemun subway station, respectively. The results suggest that radon concentration in subway stations seems to be affected by ventilation and radon concentratin in underground water in the subway stations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-46
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• 1991

The study was conducted with 611 Industrial Health officer for 2 years(1998 : 394person, 1989 : 217 person). The purpose of this study was to measure efficiency of the Industrial Health Officer course (use of questionaire) also, in the furure, we would like to make a standard on the management of Industrial Health Officer (software & Hardware) The result are as follows: 1. the response of satisfaction was revealed highly 51 % on the Curriculum. 2. The response of high qualities was revealed highly 92% in the content of textbook. 3. The response of practical program was revaled highly 67.7% in composition of curriculum. 4. The response of high-class instructor was revealed highly on the selection of instructor. 5. the response of a proper term was revealed almost trainees on the education term. 6. When industrial hygienist conducted their Health task, difficulty point, first, the lack of top manager on the health-management in industries, second, take a hold coccurently with another task third, not secure theirs status in industries. 7. almost of Industial Health Officer want to taken highly practical education program, a field of industrial ventilation, measurment of working enviroment. 8. They wanted to taken a practical program that they could conduct handling they-self measuring device, in order to enhance the effect of hygiene education. 9. They responsed size of ideal class that the number of Industrial Health Officer was less than 20 person.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.168-176
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• 2005

As the pluralistic value in which various cultures and trends exist develops the world at large, development of interior design is required to examine consumers by group. This requirement purports to set up a strategic model of operating interior design organizations under cross-cultural (past and present) enviroment, not to express new researches of interior design following the direction of the developed media service. Based on the educational and complex cultural approach to design matters - the key issue in solving the cross-cultural design matters, this paper has suggested the structure of semi-centralized design process and the system for finding out consumers' trends under the new media-based cultural design environment. This study presents some expected effects. First, it will be able to enhance the consumer-oriented design mind by providing the information on the interior design system and design trend. Through analyzing the lifestyle in the 21st century and providing the relevant information, it will lead irrlprovement in living environment. And further, by using the program of searching consumers' new preference, the system of grasping consumers' propensity and making decisions will be materialized. Secondly, based on the background database of forecasted consumers' trends, marketing strategies can be established. Thirdly, through the better technology of designing living environment, efficiency will be increased and the economic foundations through use of new database will be constructed. Fourth, systematic interior design can be developed. Strategic correspondence to consumers' desires and reinforcement of competitiveness will become possible with development of database. By encouraging consumers' participation under digital environment, their trends can be forecasted, and by efficiently using information and new technology, resources can be saved and further, additional costs for promotion and sales will be reduced.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.37-46
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• 2005

Computer are being used in an increasingly wide variety of application areas, and their correct operation is often critical for business success and humasn safety. Developing high quality software products is therefore of prime important. The recent game software become popular, so we are interest in the game software testing. According to the kinds of game software, because it has the different characters, so game software testing is very difficult. According to enviroment change, Recently, online game is popular, so online game trade in the world market. In the company, developers try to develop the reliable game software. But we can experience many fault of game software in spite of the beta testing. Especially, Testing is very difficult on the game software because of various environment and functionality. We tried the survey for game user. In this paper, we study the quality testing metric of game software fault basis on the ISO/IEC 9126. Also, we consist of the check list of game software a point of view user. It apply for the reliability testing metrics of ISO/IEC 9126.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

The objectives of this study are to analyze emitted components and concentrations of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) from the inside of vehicles that were experimented with sedans and RVs (Recreational Vehicles) delivered from warehouses after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. The value of TVOC (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) was twice to eight times over than the standard value. However, TVOC of vehicles was more detected than RVs. Especially, the value of toluene was rapidly decreased after 45 days. But after 60 days, it was more detected than the standard value. After 45 days, the xylene value was confirmed to be lower than the standard value. As a result, it was found that development of alternative technologies such as non-solvent and systems for automobile interior parts may be imminent. Using test method standard, although it is not yet International Standard, to analyze and replace components, concentrations, human-noxious, it will contribute to producing environmental-friendly vehicles.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 1996

This fundamental study analyzes the relationship between rock thermal properties and psychrometric properties in underground space and has a ultimate goal to develope technologies for predicting major environmental variables. The study is divided into 2 subjects (1) developement of a basic model for predicting temperature and humidity, (2) analysis of the validity of the model through application to a local underground storage space for military supplies. The basic model is built for the network of tunnel-shaped underground spaces. The model takes into account rock thermal properties and changes in moisture content in the air due to condensation/evaporation on the rock surface. Using lumped-parameter analytical method, heat flux from or to the surrounding rock is calculated and then the psychrometric properties(air quantity, pressure, temperature, humidity) are estimated through network simulation. The model can be utilized regardless of the tunnel type. The study site is a local storage space built in rock, mainly granite gneiss and quartz-porphyry. It is a U-shaped tunnel, 593.5m long and 6x6.5m wide. Relative humidity inside has to be strictly controlled under 55% to avoid erosion of a certain types of supplies stored in 6 chambers with the capacity of 300~1.000 ton. The thermal conductivity varies between 2.734 and 2.779W/m$^{\circ}C$ and the thermal diffusivity is in the range of 1.119 and $1.152{\times}10^{-6}\;m^2/s$ the specific heat between 910 and $920\;J/kg^{\circ}C$. Relative errors of the predicted values of dry/wet temperature and relative humidity are 0.8~3.0%, 0~7.5% and 0~7.0%, respectively. Apparent errors associated with the rock surface temperature seems to be partly due to the intrinsic limitations in the infrared thermometer used in this study.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.177-200
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• 1997

This study has been conducted to propose the guidelines for development of ecological urban open space in Korea. The eastern area of Japan was studied as case area. It was classified into sex biotope types and the project background of each sites was analyzed. The contents and technique on the basis concept, survey of environmental and biotic condition planning and design(zoning and use planning, target selection and management), preparation and management of natural environment and management, and monitoring was analyzed. It was planned out the projects in order to create the nature experience space in urban area. It was found that development of ecological urban open space by the biotope creation technic was based on three types(environmental transfer, environmental creation, and environmental inprovement type). Also most cases of projects created the biotope by the conservation of the present enviroment and ecosystem. When the development of ecological urban open space was planned, selection of target species was seemed to very important that clearly propose to the guidelines.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.29-34
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• 2014

In order to examine strength properties depended on climate changes of solidified soil amended by porosity silica which enhance harms of cement, this study conducts a wetting and drying repetition test and then, attempts to verify strength properties before and after solidified soil gets environmental influence. Test pieces for the unconfined compression test changed the mixing ratio of solidified soil compared to mixed soil weigh to 5 %, 10 % and 15 %. For each step, it was created by mixing 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 % of wood chips, and curing period for 7, 14, and 28 days. Then, the wetting and drying repetition process was repeated 0, 3, 6, and 12 cycles to analyze mechanical properties. To also evaluate changes of relative dynamic elastic modulus before and after the wetting and drying, dynamic elastic modulus tests were conducted when each cycle was completed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.323-330
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate whether working married women in different occupational classes affected diverse health outcomes. Methods : We used data for married women aged 25-59 (N=2,273) from the 2005 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Outcome measures included physical/mental and subjective/objective indicators (selfrated poor health, chronic diseases, depression, and suicidal ideation from reported results; metabolic syndrome dyslipidemia from health examination results). Agestandardized prevalence and logistic regression were employed to assess health status according to three types working groups (housewives, married women in manual jobs, married women in non-manual jobs). Sociodemographic factors (age, numbers of children under 7, education, household income) and health behaviors (health examination, sleep, rest, exercise, smoking, drinking) and a psychological factor (stress) were considered as covariates. Results : Non-manual married female workers in Korea showed better health status in all five health outcomes than housewives. The positive health effect for the non-manual group persisted in absolute (age-adjusted prevalence) and relative (odds ratio) measures, but multivariate analyses showed an insignificant association of the non-manual group with dyslipidemia. Manual female workers showed significantly higher age-adjusted prevalence of almost all health outcomes than housewives except chronic disease, but the associations disappeared after further adjustment for covariates regarding sleep, rest, and stress. Conclusions : Our results suggest that examining the health impact of work on married women requires the consideration of occupational class.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2012

An endwall boundary layer fence technique was adapted to improve the aerothermal environment of a gas turbine passage. The shape optimization of the fence was performed to maximize the improvement. The turbine passage was simulated by a $90^{\circ}$ turning duct (ReD=360,000). The main purpose of the present investigation was to focus on finding a endwall boundary layer fence with minimum total pressure loss in the passage and heat transfer coefficient on the endwall of the duct. Anothor objective function was to minimize the area on the endwall of the duct. An approximate optimization method was used for the investigation to secure the computational efficiency. Results indicated that a significant improvement in aerodynamic environment can be achieved through the application of the fence. Improvement of the thermal environment was smaller than that of the aerodynamic enviroment.