• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.230-234
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• 2009

It is significant technique to increase competitiveness that solar cells have a high energy conversion efficiency and cost effectiveness. When making high efficiency crystalline Si solar cells, evaporated Ti/Pd/Ag contact system is widely used in order to reduce the electrical resistance of the contact fingers. However, the evaporation process is no applicable to mass production because high vacuum is needed. Furthermore, those metals are too expensive to be applied for terrestrial applications. Ni/Cu/Ag contact system of silicon solar cells offers a relatively inexpensive method of making electrical contact. Ni silicide formation is one of the indispensable techniques for Ni/Cu/Ag contact sytem. Ni was electroless plated on the front grid pattern, After Ni electroless plating, the cells were annealed by RTP(Rapid Thermal Process). Ni silicide(NiSi) has certain advantages over Ti silicide($TiSi_2$), lower temperature anneal, one step anneal, low resistivity, low silicon consumption, low film stress, absence of reaction between the annealing ambient. Ni/Cu/Ag metallization scheme is an important process in the direction of cost reduction for solar cells of high efficiency. In this article we shall report an investigation of rapid thermal silicidation of nickel on silngle crystalline silicon wafers in the annealing range of $350-390^{\circ}C$. The samples annealed at temperatures from 350 to $390^{\circ}C$ have been analyzed by SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy).

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.552-552
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• 2013

In our study we consider Al2O3 ceramic substrates for Plasma Surface Treatments in order to improve deposited diamond surface and increase diamond deposition rate by applying DBD (Dielectric Barrier Dischrge) system. Because Plasma Surface Treatments was used as a modification method of material surface properties like surface free energy, wettability, and adhesion. By applying Plasma Surface Treatments diamond films are deposited on the Al2O3 ceramic substrates. DC Arc Plasmatron with mathane and hydrogen gases is used. Deposited diamond films are investigated by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) and XRD (X-ray Diffractometer). Then the C-H stretching of synthetic diamond films by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) is studied. As a result, nanocrystalline diamond films were identified by using SEM and diamond properties in XRD peaks at (111, $43.8{\Box}$, (220, $75.3{\Box}$ and (311, $90.4{\Box}$ were shown. Absorption peaks in FTIR spectrum, caused by CHx sp3 bond stretching of CVD diamond films, were identified as well. Finally, we improved such parameters as depostion rate ($2.3{\mu}m$/h), diamond surface uniformity, and impurities level by applying Plasma Surface Treatments. These experimental results show the importance of Plasma Surface Treatments for diamond deposition by a plasma source.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.218-222
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• 2018

An oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) layer was formed on Zircaloy-4 tubes by a laser beam scanning process to increase mechanical strength. Laser beam was used to scan the yttrium oxide ($Y_2O_3$)-coated Zircaloy-4 tube to induce the penetration of $Y_2O_3$ particles into Zircaloy-4. Laser surface treatment resulted in the formation of an ODS layer as well as microstructural phase transformation at the surface of the tube. The mechanical strength of Zircaloy-4 increased with the formation of the ODS layer. The ring-tensile strength of Zircaloy-4 increased from 790 to 870 MPa at room temperature, from 500 to 575 MPa at $380^{\circ}C$, and from 385 to 470 MPa at $500^{\circ}C$. Strengthening became more effective as the test temperature increased. It was noted that brittle fracture occurred at room temperature, which was not observed at elevated temperatures. Resistance to dynamic high-temperature bursting improved. The burst temperature increased from 760 to $830^{\circ}C$ at a heating rate of $5^{\circ}C/s$ and internal pressure of 8.3 MPa. The burst opening was also smaller than those in fresh Zircaloy-4 tubes. This method is expected to enhance the safety of Zr fuel cladding tubes owing to the improvement of their mechanical properties.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.108-117
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• 1994

국내에서는 아직 알칼리-골재 반응으로 인한 피해가 보고되지는 않았지만, 해사와 쇄석의 사용이 증가하고 있어 이에 대한 연구가 시급히 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료되어, 화학법(KS F 2545, ASTMC 289)과 모르터바법(KS F 2546, ASTM C 227)을 중심으로 실험을 행하여 국내산 쇄석1종과 국외산 쇄석 1종이 유해로 판정되었으며, 첨가알칼리성량 및 종류를 달리하여 실시한 모르터바법 시험결과 첨가 알카리로 NaCl사용시 가장 높은 팽창을 하였다. 또한, 모르터바의 표면 및 내부의 반응생성물을 SEM에 의한 관찰과 EDXA에 의한 성분분석을 실시하여 알칼리와 실리카성분으로 이루어진 알칼리 실리케이트 겔임이 판명되어 국내에서 알칼리 반응성을 나타내는 골재의 존재가 처음으로 확인되었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.1135-1141
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• 2008

고온 수증기 전기분해용 $La_{1-x}(Ca\;or\;Sr)xCrO_3$(x=0 and 0.25) 연결재 재료의 소결도와 전기 전도도에 대해서 연구하였다. 이러한 목적으로 $LaCrO_3$, $La_{0.75}Ca_{0.25}CrO_3$(LCC)와 $La_{0.75}Sr_{0.25}CrO_3$(LSC) 분말들은 공침법을 통해 합성하였으며, 결정구조는 X-Ray Diffraction(XRD)를 통해 확인하였다. 소결 특성은 상대밀도와 주사 전자현미경을 통해 분석하였고 전기 전도도는 직렬 4-단자 법으로 측정하였다. 상대 밀도 분석으로부터 도핑된 $LaCrO_3$는 $LaCrO_3$보다 더 높은 소결성을 나타내었고, 입자 크기가 작을수록 소결성이 향상하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 다양한 소결온도에서 얻은 LCC, LSC 시편들의 XRD 결과는 LCC와 LSC의 소결성이 2차상의 상전이와 밀접한 관련이 있다는 사실을 나타내었다. 다시 말해, LCC는 $1,300^{\circ}C$ 이상, LSC는 $1,400^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 2차상이 융해됨으로써 소결성을 현저하게 향상시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 비슷한 상대밀도를 가진 LCC와 LSC의 전기 전도도를 비교 측정한 결과, LCC가 LSC보다 더 높은 전기 전도도를 나타낸다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2011

알루미나에 니켈을 코팅하는 효율을 높이기 위하여 졸-겔법을 이용하여 비결정성 알루미나를 제조한 후, 음향화학법을 이용하여 니켈을 알루미나에 코팅하여 미립자를 제조하였다. 니켈을 코팅한 알루미나 미립자는 여러 가지 소성온도($500^{\circ}C$, $1,000^{\circ}C$), 니켈용액의 농도(0.01 M~0.2 M), 초음파반응시간 (30 min, 2 h)의 조건에서 제조하였다. 제조한 미분체는 X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA)로 특성을 분석하였다. 니켈용액의 농도가 진해짐에 따라 그리고 초음파반응시간이 길수록 니켈의 코팅량이 증가하였다. 알루미나에 니켈을 코팅하는데 있어 $1000^{\circ}C$의 소성온도, 0.1 M의 니켈용액의 농도, 2시간의 초음파에 반응하였을 때 알루미나에 니켈이 가장 많이 코팅되었다. 그리고 평균입자의 크기는 835.9~986.7 nm였다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2009

The magnetic field profiles near the surface of a $Sm_1Ba_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$ coated conductor(CC-tape) under magnetic field and current that were applied simultaneously with phase differences ${\phi}s$ were measured using scanning Hall probe method. Measurements were carried out along the elliptic load lines with $\phi=90^{\circ}\;and\;45^{\circ}$ for some $B_{peak},\;I_{peak}$ values. From the measured field profiles, sheet current density J(x, $B_a,\;I_a$) and magnetic flux density $B_0(x,\;B_a,\;I_a)$ profiles in the CC-tape were calculated. Using these J(x, $B_a,\;I_a$) and $B_0(x,\;B_a,\;I_a)$ profiles, we estimated the hysteresis energy loss Q in the CC-tape. The estimated Qs, together with our previous results for $\phi=0^{\circ}$ from [9], were compared with theoretical values based on Brandt's calculation.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2016

Flower-like nickel oxide (NiO) catalysts were coated on NiCrAl alloy foam using a hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological, and chemical bonding properties of the NiO catalysts coated on the NiCrAl alloy foam were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. To obtain flower-like morphology of NiO catalysts on the NiCrAl alloy foam, we prepared three different levels of pH of the hydrothermal solution: pH-7.0, pH-10.0, and pH-11.5. The NiO morphology of the pH-7.0 and pH-10.0 samples exhibited a large size plate owing to the slow reaction of the hydroxide ($OH^-$) and nickel ions ($Ni^+$) in lower pH than pH-11.5. Flower-like NiO catalysts (${\sim}4.7{\mu}m-6.6{\mu}m$) were formed owing to the fast reaction of $OH^-$ and $Ni^{2+}$ by increased $OH^-$ concentration at high pH. Thus, the flower-like morphology of NiO catalysts on NiCrAl alloy foam depends strongly on the pH of the hydrothermal solution.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2014

NiO catalysts were successfully coated onto FeCrAl metal alloy foam as a catalyst support via a dip-coating method. To demonstrate the optimum amount of NiO catalyst on the FeCrAl metal alloy foam, the molar concentration of the Ni precursor in a coating solution was controlled, with five different amounts of 0.4 M, 0.6 M, 0.8 M, 1.0 M, and 1.2 M for a dip-coating process. The structural, morphological, and chemical bonding properties of the NiO-catalyst-coated FeCrAl metal alloy foam samples were assessed by means of field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). In particular, when the FeCrAl metal alloy foam samples were coated using a coating solution with a 0.8 M Ni precursor, well-dispersed NiO catalysts on the FeCrAl metal alloy foam compared to the other samples were confirmed. Also, the XPS results exhibited the chemical bonding states of the NiO phases and the FeCrAl metal alloy foam. The results showed that a dip-coating method is one of best ways to coat well-dispersed NiO catalysts onto FeCrAl metal alloy foam.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.904-909
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• 2019

$100^{\circ}C$에 소성한 인듐 아연 산화막 (IZO)을 이온빔 처리하여, 균일할 수평 액정 배향을 구현하였다. 유리 기판 위에 코팅된 IZO 박막을 $100^{\circ}C$에 소성하고 액정 배향 기술로 이온빔을 사용하였다. 이것을 이용하여 얻어진 액정 배향의 특성을 분석하기 위해서, 편광 현미경과 결정 회전법을 사용하였다. 또한 이온빔 처리된 IZO 박막을 이용하여 만든 액정 셀이 높은 품질의 액정 소자에 충분한 열적 안정성을 가진다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 전계방출 주사 전자 현미경을 이용하여 이온빔의 IZO 박막의 표면에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이것을 통하여 이온빔이 IZO 박막 표면의 거칠기를 변화시키고, 액정 배향에 영향을 준다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 IZO 박막으로 제작한 액정 셀의 전기-광학 특성을 측정하였다. 그리고 이것이 기존에 사용되는 러빙법 처리된 폴리이미드 박막으로 제작한 액정 셀보다 뛰어난 특성을 가진다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 액정 고정 에너지를 측정하여 이것이 균일한 액정 배향을 구현하기 위한 적합한 특성을 가진다는 것을 확인하였다.