• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.69-91
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• 2014

This study aims to examine the patterns of middle-aged parents' intergenerational support exchange with their adult children and its effects on the happiness of the parents. The sample consisted of 765 middle-aged parents selected from the National Survey of Korean Families by the Ministry of Equality and Family in 2010. The results were as follows. First, intergenerational support exchange between parents and their adult children was categorized into four groups depending on the provider of support: parents who exchanged no support with their children, parents who only received support from their children, parents who only provided support to their children, and parents who exchanged support with their children. Second, parents who exchanged no support with their children were high in instrumental support and those who both provided and received support were high in emotional support. Third, consciousness of their children significantly affected the satisfaction level of their relationship with their children. The more the parents emphasize on the growth of their children, the more they were satisfied. Parents in the support exchange group were more satisfied when they received economic support from their children. With regard to instrumental and emotional support, parents were more satisfied when they provided support to or mutually exchanged support with their children. Forth, subjective health conditions, consciousness of their children, and household's income more significantly affected the happiness of middle-aged parents than the patterns of intergenerational support exchange. With regard to economic support, parents who only received support from their children were less happy than the other groups. With regard to instrumental support, parents who exchanged no support with their children were happier than the other groups. With regard to emotional support, parents who provided support to their children were happier than the other groups.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.677-694
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• 2016

이 연구는 부모 자식 간 부양 교환의 실태를 파악하기 위하여 "2011년 노인실태조사"의 자료를 활용하여 65세 이상 노인의 부모 자식 간 부양 교환의 차이를 SPSS를 사용하여 분석하였다. 조사대상자의 일반적 특성과 부양 교환의 실태를 파악하기 위하여 빈도분석을 실시하였으며 인구사회학적 변인에 따른 부모 자식 간 부양 교환의 차이를 분석하기 위하여 교차분석과 다원변량분석을 실시하였다. 이 연구에서 밝힌 내용은 다음과 같다. 노인의 인구사회학적 특성에 따라 동거 비동거 자녀와 노인 간 부양 교환에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 노화로 인한 신체적 쇠락과 은퇴로 인한 경제적 어려움이라는 한계로 인해 신체적, 경제적 부양교환은 대등하게 이루어지기 않는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한편, 정서적 부양의 경우, 노인들이 오히려 자식에게 부양을 제공하는 비율이 높았다. 국가나 사회가 자녀만큼 노인 개개인의 정서적 욕구를 채워주기는 어려우므로 노인과 그들의 자녀 간의 교류가 무엇보다 중요한 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.687-705
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• 2017

본 연구는 노인의 삶의 만족도에 미치는 자산의 영향력과 이들의 관계에서 비동거 자녀와 교환하는 경제적, 정서적 지지의 매개효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구 목적을 위해 고령화연구패널조사(Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing)로부터 수집된 제5차 자료에서 자녀와 분거중인 65세 이상의 노인 1,977명을 대상으로 SPSS 23.0과 SPSS Process Macro를 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인의 자산은 삶의 만족도에 직접적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 둘째, 노인의 자산은 자녀와의 경제적 지지교환을 매개로 삶의 만족도에 간접적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 셋째, 노인의 자산은 자녀와의 정서적 지지교환을 매개로 삶의 만족도에 간접적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 노인들의 삶의 만족을 높이기 위한 자산관리 및 노부모-자녀 간 지지교환측면의 사회복지 실천적, 정책적 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2015

This study explores the types of relationships between 410 adult children and their elderly parents based of exchange theory and the Konstanz model. In terms of the exchange of emotional, instrumental, and economic support based on exchange theory, the types of relationships identified included "support offers," "reciprocity," and "support benefits." In terms of conflict, intimacy, support offers, support benefits, and support obligations for adult children based on the Konstanz model, the type of relationships with the father included "an intimate exchange," "conflictual distance," "a conflictual sense of duty," and "a flexible exchange." The type of relationships with the mother included "an intimate exchange," "conflictual distance," "separate distance," and "a conflictual offer." There were no distinct characteristics of relationship types based on exchange theory. However, there were differences in characteristics of relation types based on the Konstanz model by gender. These results have important implications with respect to the Western model.

• 한국인구학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.123-148
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• 2001

이 연구의 목적은 노부모에 대해 따로 살고 있는 성인자녀가 제공하는 정서적 지원의 크기가 어떤 요인에 의해 영향을 받게 되는지를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 세대간 가족관계에 있어서의 교환이론적 접근을 분석틀로 하고, \`1998년도 전국 노인 생활실태 및 복지욕구 조사\` 의 자료를 바탕으로 노부모에 대한 별거 성인자녀의 정서적 지원과 이에 영향을 미칠 것으로 여겨지는 요인들-노부모의 인구학적 특성, 상호교환에 있어서의 보상자원 소유여부, 그리고 피 부양욕구-와의 관계를 분석하였다. 다단계 군집 표집법을 통해 추출된 전국의 9,355가구에서 2.535명의 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 자료가 수집되었는데, 이들 중에서 별거 성인자녀가 있는 2.205명을 분석한 결과 잠재적 보상자원을 지니고 있는 노부모에 대한 별거 성인자녀의 정서적 지원이 잠재적 보상자원을 지니지 못한 노부모의 경우보다 높게 나타나고 있다. 그리고 다른 자녀와 함께 살고 있는 독신 노인에 대한 별거 성인자녀의 정서적 지원이 가장 낮았으며, 수단적 일상생활을 수행하는 데 어려움을 겪는 정도가 심한 노인일수록 별거 성인자녀들로부터 낮은 수준의 정서적 지원은 받았다. 이러한 분석 결과의 일부는 세대간 가족관계가 교환이론을 바탕으로 설명될 수 있음을 실증적으로 보여주고 있으나, 분석에 포함된 변수들이 전체 노민들에게서 나타나고 있는 정서적 지원의 변량을 8.9퍼센트밖에 설명하지 못하고 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2003

This study focused on individual differences in social support among older adults. The purposes of this study were to investigate sex and age group differences in social support and to examine the effects of intergenerational social support on life satisfaction among the rural elderly. Data were from 545 elderly over 60 years of age living separately from adult children in the rural area. With regard to sex differences in support exchanges, no significant differences were found in support-giving and support-receiving. Men reported giving more financial support to children than women, while women reported receiving more financial support from children than men. With regard to age group differences in support exchanges, there was less support-giving in older age group. Older parents in their 60s reported giving more financial, instrumental, and emotional support and receiving less financial support than the group of age 70＋ Regression analyses showed that life satisfaction of both men and women was affected by support size and the frequency of contact with children. Giving financial and instrumental support was significantly associated with life satisfaction of men, but giving and receiving each type of social support had no effects on life satisfaction of women. Life satisfaction of parents in their 60s was found to be positively associated with support size, giving financial support and receiving emotional support, and negatively associated with giving instrumental support. In the group of age 70＋, the frequency of contact with adult children and giving financial support had positive influences on life satisfaction.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.263-276
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• 2013

본 연구는 근로능력 저소득층이 자활할 수 있도록 일자리 제공과 자활 능력 향상에 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있는 지역자활센터 종사자가 인식하고 있는 내부마케팅, 사회적 교환관계, 개인특성이 조직몰입을 매개로 하여 자활사업 성과에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구대상은 광주 전남지역의 지역자활센터 종사자를 대상으로 총 156부의 설문지를 분석에 사용하였다. 연구결과를 도출하기 위해 SPSS 통계처리 기법을 사용하였는데, 각 변수에 대한 요인분석과 신뢰도 검증을 실시하였고, 가설검증을 위해 위계적 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 지역자활센터 종사자의 교육 훈련, 권한위임과 직무효능감이 감정적 몰입의 매개효과를 통해 사업성과가 극대화 된다고 나타났다. 이를 위해 종사자의 교육 훈련, 권한위임과 직무효능감을 향상시키는 방안을 제시하였다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.107-127
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine demographic characteristics, psychological characteristics and patterns of supportive relationships with their children that affect the successful lives of the elderly. A survey was conducted of 410 people aged between 65 and 85, and 405 samples were used for the analysis. First, the supportive relation between the elderly and their children was categorized into four groups depending on the total amount and direction of support. The four groups consisted of the elderly who exchanged little or no support, those who only received support from their children, those who only gave support, and those who both gave and received support. Second, the more the elderly exchanged support and gave emotional support to their children, the better the chance that the elderly would lead a successful life in later years. Third, subjective health conditions most significantly affected the successful lives of the elderly who exchanged little or no support. The level of education was most significant for the elderly who only received support. The level of housing satisfaction mostly affected the elderly who only gave support. Mutual support primarily affected the elderly who both gave and received. Thus, we should provide health programs for the elderly who exchange little or no support to encourage a healthier lifestyle. In addition, opportunities for continuing education should be provided for the elderly who only receive support to make up any deficiency in education. Because spouses are mostly affected for those elderly who exchange little or no support and the elderly who only receive support, we should provide educational programs about how to be better lifetime companions to each other and also provide medical and in-home care for the remaining spouse even after the other partner is gone. Because housing satisfaction greatly affects the elderly who only give support, improvements in the residential environment are essential. Since the level of mutual support is crucial to the elderly who both give and receive support, programs on the development of human resources are needed for the elderly to interact dynamically and intimately with their children.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.83-103
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of customer-contact employees support on service recovery efforts. Service companies should try to prevent the service failure situation from occurring, but it is realistic that the service failure occurs due to the characteristics of the service. Service recovery efforts of service providers are important because effective responses to service failures can enhance customer satisfaction despite service failures. Social support for customer-contact employees needs to improve service recovery efforts. Specifically, this study focuses on the mediation roles of job burnout and customer orientation in relationship between social support for customer-contact employees and service recovery efforts. Social exchange theory was used as the theoretical underpinning of the research model. Based on reciprocity principle, this paper suppose that support for customer-contact employees and service recovery effort are a kind of social exchange relationship. Social supports for customer-contact employees are categorized into internal and external organization. Internal organization is POS(perceived organizational support) and external organization is customer support. The research model was tested with the data gathered from the flight attendants whose emotional labor intensity was relatively high and the service failure frequently occurred. As a result of analysis, social supports for customer-contact employees classified into organizational support, supervisor support, and customer support are found to have differential impacts on job burnout and customer orientation. It has been found that job burnout of service providers is negatively affecting service recovery efforts. On the other hand, customer orientation of service providers has a positive influence on service recovery efforts. Based on the results of the analysis, we provide practical implications for effective service recovery efforts in service failure situations, and suggest the theoretical implications to explain the process of service recovery effort. Finally, limitations of the study and directions for future research are suggested.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.811-827
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors related to depression of female elderly living alone by region. Data for this study was based on the 2011 National Survey on Elderly. Total of 1,684(689 rural elderly, 995 urban) community samples of female elderly living alone participated in this study. Even though there was no difference of depression score by region, this study found that the effects of factors on depression were significantly different by region. Yearly income, subjective health, balanced exchange of emotional support and satisfaction with their children were significantly associated with depression of both rural and urban female elderly living alone. For rural female elderly living alone, average daily television viewing time, number of close friends and frequency of contact with friends/neighbors were significant predictors to their depression. In the case of urban female elderly living alone, exercise, frequency of message, email or telephone contact with friends/ neighbors and balanced exchange of economic support contributed significantly to the prediction of depression. Subjective health had the strongest effect on depression for both rural and urban female elderly living alone.