• 한국연극학
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• 제49호
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• pp.133-169
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• 2013

Reexamining Brecht's theoretical hypotheses in terms of cognitive science, this essay arrived at several temporary interpretations. Cognitive science implies that empathy can precede the rational understanding in Verfremdungseffekt. The spectator tends to simulate the unfamiliar incident and character and feels the consequential embodied emotion that leads to the cognitive understanding. The similar situation can be found in social gestus. According to cognitive science, gesture(social gestus) is simulated in the mirror-neuron of spectator, arousing consequently the embodied emotion that triggers the succeeding understanding. The spectator apts to experience and feel physically the moving gesture before decoding it as a social signification. Brecht's intention that attempts to reveal the duality of actor and character by eliminating the fourth wall is negated by cognitive science. According to the theory of conceptual blending, the spectator under the eliminated fourth wall mixes actor and character, and simulates this blending image so that he experiences it imaginatively. As such, another kind of illusion can be formed when a fourth wall is collapsed. Meanwhile, the critical thinking of spectator Brecht wanted can be hard to occur during the performance. It is necessary for the spectator to recollect the bygone dialogue and action in terms of social context as if he presses the pause, stopping the playback while watching a play in video. In this respect the social meaning Brecht intended can be achieved more effectively by the stop motion like tableau. It would not only give the time for the spectator to consider the implied social signification, but also make him possible to decode a semiotic meaning as if interpreting a still picture. Or it can be delivered by the dialogue that expresses the playwright's critical judgement. In this case, the subject of critical thinking is not the spectator but the author. The alternative explanation that the cognitive science suggests illuminates theoretically the reasons why Brecht's theory fails to be realized in practice. In a sense, Brecht's theory is nothing but a theoretical hypothesis. It takes the premise that the emotion hinders the rational thinking, understanding emotion and reason oppositively like Plato. This assumption is negated easily by the recent cognitive science that sees the reason as a by-product of physical experience including emotion. The rational understanding, in this sense, begins from the embodied emotion. As such the cognitive science denies the dichotomy of emotion and reason that Brecht adopted. The theoretical hypothesis of cognitive science makes us recognize again the importance of bodily experience in theatre. In theatre the spectator tends to experience physically before decoding the intellectual meaning. The spectator Brecht wanted, therefore, is far from the reality. The spectator usually experiences and reacts physically before decoding the meaning critically. Thus Brecht's intention can be realized by the embodied emotion resulted from simulation. This tentative interpretation suggests that we need to pay more attention to the empirical study of spectatorship, not remaining in a speculative study.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보교육학회 2021년도 학술논문집
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• pp.419-424
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 인공지능 교육에서 체화된 메타포를 활용한 실제적 학습 과정과 학습자 인식을 포함한 교육 맥락을 이해하는 것이다. 이를 위해 질적 접근을 통해 체화된 메타포 기반 언플러그드 활동 활용 수업을 설계하고, 심층인터뷰를 실시하였다. 수업 전 과정에서 수집된 자료는 학습자 특성과 학습환경, 학습 맥락에 따른 경험과 인식을 분석하기 위해 매트릭스 분석기법을 활용하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 표상 지식과 이후 실습 과정에 미치는 영향에 학습자의 사전 경험에 따라 차이가 나타났다. 다음으로 체화된 메타포를 활용한 언플러그드 활동은 실습 및 텍스트 코딩에 연착륙 효과를 나타냈다. 끝으로, 언플러그드 방식과 플러그드 방식의 수업의 유기적 통합은 컴퓨팅 사고의 잠재력을 이해하는 데 도움이 되었다.

• 수완나부미
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.63-91
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• 2018

One of the goals of this article is to continue the momentum begun by emerging scholarship on theory and practice of writing about visual culture of and in Southeast Asia. I hope to offer culturally sensitive and embodied ways of looking at images and objects as sites/sights of cultural knowledge as further theoretical intervention. The argument put forward in my essay is three-fold: first, I critique the prevailing logocentric approach in the field of Southeast Asian Studies and I argue that in a postcolonial, global, and transnational period, it is important to be inclusive of other objects as sites/sights of social, political and cultural analysis beyond written and oral texts. Second, I argue that although it has its own political and theoretical problems, the evolving field of Visual Studies as it is practiced in the United States is one of many ways to decolonize the prevailing logocentric approach to Southeast Asian Studies. Third, I argue that if one reads these Euro-American derived theories of vision and visuality through the lens of what Walter Mignolo calls "colonial difference(s)," then Visual Studies as an evolving field has the potential to offer more nuanced local ways of looking at and understanding objects, vision, and visuality. Last, I point out that unlike in the West where there is an understanding of pure, objective and empirical vision, local Southeast Asian perspectives on objects and visions are more embodied and multi-sensorial. I argue that if one is ethically mindful of the local cultural ways of seeing and knowing objects, then the evolving field of Visual Studies offers a much-needed intervention to the privileged, lingering logocentric approach to Southeast Asian Studies. Moreover, these alternative methods might help to decolonize method and theory in academic disciplines that were invented during the colonial period.

• 철학연구
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• 제126권
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• pp.133-158
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• 2013

이 글의 주된 목적은 '신체화된 이해'(embodied understanding)의 본성과 구조에 대한 '체험주의'(experientialism)의 해명을 통해서 가다머 해석학의 중심적 논제인 해석의 불확실성이 내세운 이해의 역사성 제약이 이론적으로 요청된 것이며, 실제로 유용하지도 않다는 것을 드러내는 데 있다. 가다머는 이해라는 사건을 통해서 텍스트와 경험적 지식의 한계를 해석하며, 이러한 경험적 해석은 항상 미완결의 해석이다. 그것은 우리로 하여금 예측의 한계를 깨닫게 하며, 모든 경험적 계획은 우리를 불확실성으로 인도한다. 가다머는 해석의 불확실성 논제를 통해 전통적인 해석학이 추구했던 객관적 해석의 틀을 성공적으로 넘어선다. 하지만 해석의 불확실성 논제는 해석의 무제약적 분기라는 우려에 직면한다. 가다머는 이러한 난점을 벗어나기 위해 해석에 있어서 역사성의 제약을 주장한다. 역사성의 제약은 역사적 전통과 마주 대하는 존재의 상황이 결코 완결될 수 없다는 해석학적 상황에 대한 자각 때문에 요청된 개념이다. 하지만 이러한 완결 불가능성 때문에 요청된 역사성의 제약은 이론적으로 재구성된 요청일 뿐이며 무한히 열리는 해석에 대한 실제적인 지반이 될 수 없다. 체험주의의 해명에 따르면 우리의 모든 이해는 생물학적 유기체로서 우리의 신체화에 근거하고 있다. 우리의 이해는 신체적/물리적 층위에서 현저한 공공성을 드러내며, 그것이 우리가 경험적으로 의지할 수 있는 최대의 공공성이다. 이러한 의미에서 경험의 공공성은 우리의 이해와 경험을 제약하는 실제적 근거가 되며, 그것을 종적 공공성이라고 부를 수 있다. 이러한 체험주의적 시각에 따르면 다양한 해석적 변이의 실제적 제약은 이론적 요청에 의해서가 아니라 모든 해석의 지반을 이루고 있는 종적 공공성에 근거해서 이루어진다.

• 인지과학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2004

서양철학의 근간을 이루는 데카르트의 이성주의적 인간이해의 반성으로부터 등장한 구성주의는 지능을 포함한 인간이해의 새로운 대안이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. 구성주의는 진화생물학, 진화심리학, 뇌과학, 시스템이론, 복잡계 이론의 성과뿐만 아니라 나아가 인문사회학의 경향과도 설명을 공유할 수 있는 많은 부분이 있다. 또한 인공지능 분야에서도 구성주의적 방법이라고 할 수 있는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이 글에서는 구성주의적 관점에서 인공지능에서 다루는 지능에 대한 이해의 지평을 넓히고 이를 기반으로 한 방법론에 대한 검토와 그러한 경향에 있는 일부 인공지능 기술을 살펴보고자 한다. 이러한 논의를 통하여 여러 가지 관점의 마음에 대한 이론과 기술을 상호보완적으로 이해하고 다소 등한히 되고 있는 인공지능의 보편지능(general intelligence)의 토대로 삼고자 한다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2018

This research scrutinizes the concept of 'Juchegeonchuk' (self-reliance ideology in architecture), which is a key concept to understand the architecture and urbanism of North Korea in the 1970's and 80's. In the 1970's and 80's, Kim Jong-il began to appear in politics in earnest after Kim Il-sung appointed Kim Jong-il as Kim Il-sung's successor to the next generation. There have been many previous studies about 'Juchesasang' (self-reliance ideology) in various fields, except in architecture. On the other hand, the in-depth research into Juchegeonchuk, which was a method to strengthen Juchesasang, was not good enough in architecture. In this sense, this research investigates the concept of Juchegeonchuk based on the Geonchugyesullon (The Art of Architecture), which embodied the thought of architecture and culture of Kim Jong-il published in 1992. This research scrutinizes the idea of Juchegeonchuk on The Art of Architecture, and its representation in architecture and urbanism in Pyeongyang based on the idea of Juchegeonchuk. It enables to find a new interpretation of North Korea's architecture introduced by Kim, Jong-il in the late 20th century.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.61-82
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• 2024

Objectives : The objective of this study was to understand the Korean Medical understanding of the principles and physiology of breathing. Methods : Contents related to breathing were searched in the Korean Medical texts, after which they were categorized according to theme, then analyzed. Results : Breathing is a manifestation of life force originating from the 'innate original qi [先天一氣]'. Humans connect to the Heavenly qi-the origin of life- through breathing, through which the rhythm and consistency of yin/yang movement that enables maintenance of life qi could be embodied. The specific result of breathing is the circulation of qi and blood and the brightness of spirit. In addition, breathing is the process that connects human to heaven, allowing for the pulse or its rhythm to be maintained. Hence, breathing is alternately called 'the head of pulses'. Conclusions : Breathing in Korean Medicine goes beyond the scope of its biomedical understanding as a metabolic process of oxygen and carbon dioixde exchange, as it is concerned with the question of the origin of life. As such, the principle and effect of breathing is broadly connected to both innate and acquired life phenomena, wherein jing(精,) qi(氣,) shen(神) are all associated.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2010

In general, an Architecture of a system is embodied as applied results of a requirement analysis of a system in early development phase. These efforts play a important role in analyzing and understanding a system considering operational, functional, and physical view and deriving a correct solution before developing the system. In this paper, the architecture of the Tube Transportation System(TTS) known as the new transportation system in Railway Domain is depicted by performance parameter has already developed. The existing performance parameters are shown by a variety of types with many meanings rather than types of general requirements refined. As these early performance parameters have analyzed and complemented to a level of requirement by requirement managers and other domain specialists, the architecture of the Tube Transportation System was developed systematically and then system requirements will be drawn up definitely. The presented architecture will provide a framework of developing a TTS and also offer an information in performance analysis of TTS.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.80-83
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• 2012

본 논문은 사이버공간의 가시성 개선 방안을 다루었다. 사이버비즈니스에 진출하고자 생각하는 많은 사업가들은 사이버공간의 비가시성 문제로 인하여, 사이버비즈니스 진출에 두려움을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 사업자와 잠재고객 그리고 그 사이의 관계를 수학의 관계 개념을 도입하여 설명함으로서, 사이버공간의 가시성을 개선하고자 시도 하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 사이버비즈니스 경쟁력의 핵심은 가시화의 극대화와 신뢰성임을 알게 되었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.952-956
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• 2004

The soil-structure interactions are caused by the point sources of explosions, deriving piles, compaction of foundations and excavations those are frequently arose in the construction sites. Thus the analysis of soil-structure interactions is one of the most important subjects in the fields of dynamic analysis and vibration control. From this viewpoint, the aim of this study is to collect the basic data for designing foundation structures throughout understanding the dynamic structural behavior, which is embodied by the dynamic analysis of soil-structure systems. In this study, the dynamic analyses of stiffened thick plates subjected to in-plane stress on elastic foundations are carried out. The foundation is modeled as Pasternak foundation that includes the continuity effect of foundations. Also both the Mindlin plate theory and Timoshenko beam-column theory are used for analyzing the thick plates and beams, respectively.