• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2000

This work was designed to investigate the performances of broiler breeder hens upon the addition were vitamin and mineral supplements in feeds. Animals were divided into for feed groups such as control, T$_1$,T$_2$and T$_3$, and each treatment has four replications. All broiler breeder hens were housed individually, and were fed with identical iso-metaboilic energy and iso-protein, except for vitamins and minerals. Different sources and levels of vitamins and minerals were added to the basic feeds according to the treatments. At the end of the experiments, general laying rate(hen days), average egg weight, hatching egg laying rate(Hen day) every day. Hatching egg weight, sterility, embryo mortality, hatching rate and chick weight were examined. Although, early laying rate in all treatment groups were reduced during cold term management, general egg laying rate was increased only T$_3$group which was contanining vitamin C. However, similar results were obtained in the rates of general and hatching egg laying. General egg laying rate were somewhat higher of Control, T$_2$and T$_3$ groups than that of T$_1$group. In addition, the laying rates of general and hatching eggs slightly improved in the T$_3$group rather than those of Control group. Egg weight was reduced with the increasing of laying rate, showing the highest in the T$_3$group. The laying rate showed significantly lower value than those of any other groups. Egg weight was about 65g in T$_3$group. The results of hatching performance for production ability of Broiler breeder hens were fed experimental diet, although the rates of non-hatched and hatched eggs increased in order of Control, T$_1$T$_2$and T$_3$groups. However, the rate of embryo mortality was declined in order Control, T$_1$T$_2$and T$_3$groups.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 1999

Exposure experiments during the egg development were conducted to assess the influences of 5 different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of water-soluble fraction (WSF) of Kuwait crude oil on the eggs and larvae of black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli), red seabream (Pagrus major) and olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). All experiments were triplicated. Hatching time and hatching rate were examined on the eggs. The median lethal time ($LT_{50}$), morphological abnormality and swimming activity (swimming frequency and speed) of larvae were also investigated. The time and rate of egg hatching were not significantly influenced by WSF on the eggs of the fishes. The larvae exposed to WSF during the egg development were also not significantly influenced on the $LT_{50}$ and swimming activity. But the higher morphological abnormalities of notochord were observed from the larvae in 100% WSF exposure.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.339-344
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• 1996

한국산 rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis 내구란의 부화에 미치는 온도($24\~36^{\circ}C$)와 염분($5{\~}30$ ppt)의 영향을 조사하였다. 가장 높은 내구란의 부화율은 $28^{\circ}C$, 15 ppt에서 $85.7{\%}$로 나타났다. 온도 $32^{\circ}C(42.6\~60.5\%)$와 $36^{\circ}C(52.0\~61.4\%)$에서는 염분과 수온에 따른 부화율은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 부화시간은 온도가 높을수록 짧게 나타났다. $5^{\circ}C$ 암흑상태로 내구란을 보존할 경우 2일 동안 일시적으로 부화하였다. 그러나 $28^{\circ}C$ 내구란을 보존한 경우, 14일 동안 산발적으로 부화하였다. 또한 부화율은 $28^{\circ}C(58.1\%)$가 $5^{\circ}C(40.2\%)$ 보다 높게 나타났다. 내구란의 건조온도가 시간에 따른 부화율은 $30^{\circ}C$에서 1시간동안 건조한 내구란이 $46.4{\%}$로 가장 높은 부화율을 보였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

본 실험은 대하의 효율적인 종묘생산을 위하여 수온과 염분에 따른 수정난의 부화율에 관한 실험으로서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 대하수정난의 부화에 미치는 수온의 영향을 조사한 결과, $24^{\circ}C$에서 $95.5\%$의 가장 높은 부화율을 보였다. $20^{\circ}C$에서 $24^{\circ}C$까지는 수온이 올라갈수록 부화율은 높게 나타났으며, $26^{\circ}C$이상부터는 수온이 올라갈수록 부화율은 급격히 낮아져, $30^{\circ}C$에서는 전혀 부화가 되지 않았다. 염분의 영향을 조사한 결과, $31\%_{\circ}$에서 $95.5\%$의 가장 높은 부화율을 보였다. $20\%_{\circ}$, 부터 $31\%_{\circ}$까지는 염분이 상승할수록 부화율은 증가하였고, $33\%_{\circ}$, 부터는 염분이 상승할수록 부화율은 낮아져 $40\%_{\circ}$, 에서는 $25.5\%$%로 급격히 감소하였다. 수온 $24^{\circ}C$에서의 부화속도는 다른 수온구에서보다 가장 빨랐고 특히 염분 $31\%_{\circ}$의 실험구에서는 18시간 만에 $30.5\%$, 48시간만에 $95.5\%$가 부화되어 가장 빠른 부화속도를 보였다. 대하수정난의 부화를 위한 최적 수온은 비교적 협온성이라고 할수있다. 또 최적수온인 $24^{\circ}C$에서도 자연해수의 염분구 $(33\~35\%_{\circ})$보다 다소 낮은 $30\~31\%_{\circ}$,에서는 약 $20\%$정도 더 높은 부화율이 유도되었다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 대하수정난 부화를 위한 최적염분 역시 협염성이며 특히 수온이 높을 때 염분이 부화율에 미치는 영향은 매우 민감하였다.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1995년도 제16회 생물과학 심포지움 강연록
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• pp.68-73
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• 1995

Most female Great Tits lay one egg each day until the clutch is complete. However, some exceptions are found. “Pause day/s” most frequently occur after the 1st egg is laid. In general, egg-size increase with laying sequence, but there is year-to-year variation. The relationship between egg size and laying sequence is found more significantly in relatively larger clutches than in smaller ones. Great Tits tend to advance the hatching of their chicks by starting to incubate earlier in relation to clutch completion as the breeding season progresses. hatching asynchrony affects chick´s growth rate, but when the effect of laying date on hatching asynchrony is controlled, the effect of hatching asynchrony on growth rate is not found. These findings support the ´hurry-up´ hypothesis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.277-283
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• 1993

In the present study, observations were made on the life-history of Lymnaea viridis under laboratory conditions, involving incubation period of the eggs and their hatching rate, shell length of the newly hatched snails, sexual maturity, size of the snails when the snail produced the first egg-mass, the number of eggs in each egg-mass, egg-laying, ovipostion, growth rate of the snails, and longevity of the snail. At temperatures between $19.8^{\circ}C$ to $22.5^{\circ}C$, incubation period of the eggs occupied 10~12 days, and after beginning of hatching, all young snails emerged completely from the egg-mass within 5 days. The hatching rate was 88%. The average shell length of the newly hatched snails was about 0.064cm. The rate of growth was extraordinarily rapid under good laboratory conditions. When two snails were reared in one culture vessel($20{\times}15{\times}5cm$) with blue-green algae at about $22^{\circ}C$, snail growth was optimal, taking 37 days to reach 1.2cm in shell length. Sexual maturity reached in about 19 days. The size of the snails at sexual maturity was $0.78{\pm}0.05cm$ in length and $0.47{\pm}0.04cm$ in width. The first egg-masses produced were $0.59{\pm}0.22cm$ in length and $0.34{\pm}0.08cm$ in width, and contained 7~38 eggs. The eggs are usually laid in water. The egg-laying was affected by food and temperature. Snails fed with blue-green algae at about $22^{\circ}C$ produced larger egg-masses than the snails fed with fish food at about $26^{\circ}C$. Under conditions of continuous activity and growth, the maximum expectation of life appears to be 109~350(mean 230) days. And the shell length of snails at death were 1.39~1.64cm.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2024

본 연구는 부화 온도가 맹꽁이(Kaloula borealis) 알의 부화 기간에 영향을 미치는 여부를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구에서 맹꽁이 알에서 올챙이가 생긴 것을 기준으로 알 부화 과정을 기록했다. 연구 결과 맹꽁이의 모든 알은 산란 후 48시간 이내에 부화하였으며, 28.1%(±10.8, n=52)가 24시간 이내에, 99.9%(±0.23, n=49)가 산란 후 48시간 이내에 부화했다. 수온의 차이에 따라 맹꽁이 알의 평균 부화율은 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 산란 후 15~24시간 사이의 평균 부화율은 24.1(±0.2)℃보다 21.1(±0.2)℃의 수온에서 더 높았다. 본 연구 결과는 비교적 낮은 수온에서 빠른 부화가 되는데 이는 비가 오는 계절에 일시적인 연못이나 웅덩이에 알을 낳는 번식 습성으로 웅덩이가 마르기 전에 빠른 부화가 필요하기 때문으로 추측한다. 본 연구 결과는 멸종위기종인 맹꽁이 알의 최적 부화온도를 이해하는데 도움이 된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2013

The gonadsomatic index (GSI) of mottled skate was the highest in April, GSI and HSI showed a reverse phase for its reproductive cycle. The fish had one pair of egg capsules, having 1 to 7 fertilized eggs, and spawned all the year round. When surveying the reproductive characteristics of females over 63 cm in disc width, we found the spawning peak was between April to June, and the appearance ratio of egg capsules was the highest in May (32.1%). The eggs were hatched at $8^{\circ}C$, $13^{\circ}C$, $18^{\circ}C$, water temperature (12.8 to $24.2^{\circ}C$), and the best hatching temperature was $18^{\circ}C$. The number of fish hatched was 4 to 5 fish/egg capsules, and the hatching rate was 100%. The sex ratios of hatching larvae were 45.5% female and 54.5% male. Therefore this study will provide fundamental data and information for artificial reproduction of the mottled skate.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.329-337
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• 1996

한국산 rotifer, B. plicatilis, S-type를 대상으로 식물부유생물, 농축 Chlorella 및 효모류에 대한 내구란 생산과 먹이 종류에 따라 생산된 내구란의 부화율을 조사하였다. 4 종류(Chlorella ellipsoidea, Nannochloris oculata, Tetraselmis suecica, Pavlova lutheri) 가운데 N. oculata는 3,760개/20 ml로 가장 많은 내구란을 생산하였다. 그러나 식물부유생물 종류에 따른 부화율의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 9 종류의 농축먹이(유지효모, 빵효모, 두 종류의 해수산 농축 냉장 Chlorella, 해수산 냉동 Chlorella, 냉동 해수산 Chlorella ($70\%$)+ 빵효모($30\%$), 냉동 해수산 Chlorella ($30\%$)+ 빵효모($70\%$), 두 종류의 냉장 담수산 Chlorella)에서 내구란 생산이 가장 많은 먹이는 냉동 Chlorella($30\%$)+빵효모($70\%$)와 냉장 담수산 Chlorella에서 각각 283개/ml로 나타났다. Rotifer $10^4$개체와 건조 먹이 1 mg당 내구란 생산은 냉동 Chlorella ($30\%$)+빵효모($70\%$)에서 각각 5,566개와 2,131개로 가장 높게 나타났다. 농축 먹이에 따른 내구란의 부화율은 유지효모가 $67.4\%$로 가장 높았다. 본 연구의 결과, 경제적인 내구란 생산을 위하여 빵효모와 농축 냉동 Chlorella를 혼합하여 공급하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.625-633
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• 2020

The effects of temperature and salinity on egg development and settlement of the ascidian Herdmania momus were investigated. Adult specimens were collected from the Dodu Yacht facility in Jeju Island, Korea(33°30'30.54"N, 126°27'55.46"E) in August 2018. Egg development and larval settlement were observed and recorded at 8 h intervals using a stereomicroscope, under nine temperature (10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 34℃), and four salinity regimens (28, 30, 32, and 34 psu). The highest hatching rate (82.8±7%) was observed at 32 psu and 25℃ and the lowest hatching rate (1.0±2%) was at 34 psu and 13℃. The developmental rate (0.222±0.0994) was highest at 28 psu and 28℃, and lowest (0.016±0.008) at 30 psu and 13℃. The highest settlement success rate (77.1±5%) was at 32psu and 25℃ and the lowest(0.1±1.0%) was at 30psu, and 13℃. The rate of settlement(0.080±0.000) was highest at 28psu and 28℃, and lowest(0.013±0.000) at 30psu and 13℃. Both hatching and settlement success rates increased as temperature increased and tended to decrease beyond an optimal temperature range. Herdmania momus preferred 30-34 psu salinity and 22-25℃ temperature. This study provides baseline information about the life history of H. momus, and important data to control the damage caused by the increase in number and distribution of this invasive ascidian.