• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.171-190
• /
• 2001

The Purpose of this study is to point out some attributes of intrinsic and social background and status attainment process and a life-style of public library directors in KOREA. The data obtained from 188 respondents in 1999 were used for analysis. Some of the main findings are as follows： $\circled1$ The majority of the directors has a career as a teacher or local public administrators rather than a librarian. $\circled2$ The birth places of the directors are scattered all over the country. and those who were born in rural area account for about of all respondents. In rural area. it might be difficult for them to access information on newly developing profession like librarianship. $\circled3$ Although the educational level of directors themselves is higher than general public. $\circled4$ Library schools which give students high grade knowledge and training of library and information science are not so many, and hence directors are primarily local public administrators rather than qualified librarians. $\circled5$ Many directors did not aspire to become librarians. rather they got the post after they had been working as a teachers or lawyer, local public administrators. $\circled6$ If the library services of better quality are provided all over the country, urban or rural, and library schools in higher education are developed and have much more satisfactory substance, and abler library directors. And then we can expect that the qualified librarians's director system in public libraries will become an accomplished fact.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.355-383
• /
• 2010

In this study, the effects of skill-utilization based underemployment on self-esteem and mental health were examined. Also the moderating effects of employment commitment and social support were verified. Data obtained by a longitudinally designed survey with the reemployed (N=153) after job loss were used. The skill-utilization based underemployment was measured in two ways. One is measured in the way that use objective data, the ratio of education - 'educational requirement for the current job' divided by 'individual educational attainment.' The other is measured in the way that use psychological and self-reported measure, two factors of overqualification - the absence of opportunity for growth (no-growth) and the occupational mismatch in educational attainment, skills and experiences (mismatch). The main effect revealed that the no-growth made self-esteem lower and mental health (GHQ-social maladjustment) worse. The significant interaction of the ratio of education and employment commitment indicates that the negative effects of underemployment measured by the ratio of education on mental health (GHQ-social maladjustment, GHQ-depression/anxiety) were greater for those perceiving low employment commitment than for those perceiving high employment commitment. The significant interaction of the ratio of education and social support indicates that the negative effects of underemployment measured by the ratio of education on mental health (GHQ-depression/anxiety) were greater for those perceiving low social support than for those perceiving high social support. The two moderators also interacted with the two factors of perceived overqualification. Employment commitment had significant interaction effects with the no-growth and the mismatch on self-esteem and mental health (GHQ-depression/anxiety), whereas social support had a significant interaction only with the no-growth on mental health (GHQ-depression/anxiety). The significant interactions show that employment commitment and social support function as buffers in reducing the negative effects of skill-utilization based underemployment on self-esteem and mental health.

• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.19-43
• /
• 2009

An ideology what a modern society seeks is lifelong employment through lifelong learning. The single word which draws the attainment is lifelong vocational competency development. This study is designed for exploring its possibility and limit of a redesign of it, and tries to propose efficiently a redesign idea of a vocational educational path. To this end, it was analyzed by a subject for a national human resource foundation plan and a lifelong bocational competency development foundation plan. In addition to that, it was covered a structure and content analysis of main laws and regulations which are a base of policy making. An educational path could be divided into an area of formal education system, an area of workplace for labors, and an area of lifelong vocational competency development. And the insights were drawn by pulling apart an operational situation of main organizations and a recurrent process of the educational path. The redesign plan of a vocational education path we did analyze to activate lifelong vocational competency development system is deduced as following. Firstly, it should be re-organized with a direction towards an effective manpower training to be linked with skills and demands required by an industry. Secondly, it should be generalized for a model of recurrence between work and learning and its alternation for lifelong vocational competency development. Thirdly, it should create a cluster in the region for lifelong vocational competency development so that it is to form an efficient network to have a division of labor and its liaison with cooperative relationship.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.8
• /
• pp.469-478
• /
• 2019

This study is an empirical survey of the job status and job satisfaction of early childhood teachers. The subjects of this study were teachers of early childhood education in (the province of) Chungcheongnam-do. The Early Childhood Education Institution was conducted with 255 teachers for teachers working in public day care centers, private day care centers, public kindergartens and private kindergartens. o carry out this study, we analyzed the collected questionnaires by using the SPSS statistical package program. T-test, χ²-validation and ANOVA analysis were used for this study, and Scheffé analysis was applied as a post hoc analysis. As a result of this study, job status was examined by type, age, educational attainment, and educational experience. The satisfaction level of educational institutions was highest in the national public day care centers, and the age was 50 years or older, and the education level was high in graduate school. In addition, the job satisfaction of early childhood teachers was significantly analyzed in relation to fellow teacher, relationship with the director, self-identity and teaching environment. Through this study, understanding the current job status and satisfaction of early childhood education teachers can be used as an important data in preparing a plan to raise their job performance and work efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.611-628
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine influence of home energy cost on housing cost burden of Korean and U.S. monthly renter households in urban areas and to explore influences of household and housing characteristics on their home energy cost burden. Microdata for this research was extracted from the 2011 Korean Household Budget Survey and 2009 American Housing Survey. Monthly renter households in urban areas were initially grouped based on household income, followed by a detailed analysis of housing and home energy cost. Findings are as follows: (1) The maximum ratio of home energy cost to household house hold income in Korea was 49% compared to 83% in the US; (2) Energy cost to income ratio were found to have significant influences on housing cost burden and lower income households' housing cost burden was found more vulnerable to their energy cost; (3) In general, the energy cost burden of low-income renter households in Korea tended to be influenced by household size, the number of household members staying at home during daytime hours and housing unit size. The energy cost burden of low-income renter households in the U.S. tended to be influenced by home structure type, size and age, the householder's age, race, educational attainment, the household size, number of wage earners per household, income, and the number of household members between 7 and 17 years of age.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The suicide rate in Korea is increasing every year, and is the highest among the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries. Psychiatric patients in particular have a higher risk of suicide than other patients. This study was performed to evaluate determinants of mental health care utilization among individuals at high risk for suicide. Methods: Korea Health Panel data from 2009 to 2011 were used. Subjects were individuals at high risk of suicide who had suicidal ideation, a past history of psychiatric illness, or had utilized outpatient services for a psychiatric disorder associated with suicidal ideation within the past year. The chi-square test and hierarchical logistic regression were used to identify significant determinants of mental health care utilization. Results: The total number of subjects with complete data on the variables in our model was 989. Individuals suffering from three or more chronic diseases used mental health care more frequently. Mental health care utilization was higher in subjects who had middle or high levels of educational attainment, were receiving Medical Aid, or had a large family size. Conclusions: It is important to control risk factors in high-risk groups as part of suicide prevention strategies. The clinical approach, which includes community-based intervention, entails the management of reduction of suicidal risk. Our study identified demographic characteristics that have a significant impact on mental health care utilization and should be considered in the development of suicide prevention strategies. Further studies should examine the effect of mental health care utilization on reducing suicidal ideation.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.155-182
• /
• 1997

Objectives : This study was designed to compare North Korea and South Korea in measures of the quality of life (physical quality of life index and human development index) and to investigate the impact of selected medical and socioeconomic factors on PQL variables. Data and Methods : The World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme, and Population Reference Bureau were the principal sources of statistical data of 121 countries. Variables included infant mortality, life expectancy at birth, literacy rate, secondary school enrollment (male and female), GNP per capita, population per doctor, daily calorie supply per capita, and a composite PQL index. The Ordinary Least Square model was employed for cross-countries analysis. Findings : Both countries under quite different political and economic systems saw big improvememts in the quality of life, reducing mortality and prolonging life expectancy during the past three decades. In recent decad, however, North Korea has experienced abrupt exacerbation in the quality of life. Significant improvements in infant mortality of the population wer attributable mainly to GNP per capita and the secondary school enrollemt of female. The principal predictors of life expectancy at birth were population per doctor, infant mortality, and literacy rate. The secondary school enrollment of female and population per doctor were significantly associated with improvements in the physical quality of life index (PQLI). Conclusion : The results of this study confirmed a point illustrated by other studies : The association between quality of life as a measure of health status and socioeconomic factors was strong and positive. The important contribution of educational attainment in general, female education level in particular to improvements in the quality of life deserves good news for building an integrated health care system in the reunified Korea, taking into account the high level of education two koreas are enjoying. Meanwhile, when a sharp drop in the quality of life has been observed in North Korea under serious economic difficulties and food shortage in recent decade, the significant contribution of economic development to improvements in the quality of life poses bad nows for reunifying Korean health care in economic terms.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.147-160
• /
• 2007

This research challenges the general notion of one-person households of the elderly during widowhood as impoverished, isolated, and vulnerable. Recognizing a high potential vulnerability, however, this research attempts to describe the diverse composition of one-person households of the elderly. For this purpose, relying on 2% sample data from the 2000 census, it examines regional distribution, socio-economic characteristics, and determinants of one-person households of the elderly during widowhood. Socio-economic characteristics of one-person households of the elderly differ by region. Jeju island is distinct in terms of sex and age distribution, and residence area of children. In general, rates of economic activity and self-subsistence are higher in provinces than in cities. Compared to the elderly living with family, the elderly living alone show high rates of economic activity, self-subsistence, and capability of physical activity. Results of logistic regression analysis of determinants of living arrangement are consistent with those of descriptive statistics. Those who are economically active and able to move around without assistance tend to live alone after the death of a spouse. Number of sons and living in an urban area are negatively associated with living alone, whereas females are more likely than males to live alone. According to the separate analysis by age, the positive effect of economic activity is greater in the oldest of the old than in other age groups. Those who possess high educational attainment tend to live alone when they are 80 and older, unlike other age groups. Based on these findings, this paper finds that one-person households of the elderly nay not always be the most vulnerable group, and are diverse in terms of socioeconomic characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.177-188
• /
• 2000

Mathematics is extreme the differences of the scholarly attainments in comparison with other subjects at a middle school. Specially, the students at islands and places leave much to be desired the scholarly attainments standards of mathematics. Therefore, every school takes movement class according to level these days. And the small schools put in effect the cooperation of group work through the small groups. These classes are effective at the scholarly attainments extension to some degree, but each student is extreme the differences of scholarly attainments. On this, the small school was the subject of study at the present research and put in effect the cooperation of group work through the small groups. The students were divided in three groups; the top class, average, the low class, And they were offered the fitting textbooks matching the cooperation of group work and the opportunities of discovery learning fitting an individual ability and standard. Consequently, some educational materials were made, for example, question papers, commonness learning materials, choice learning materials. These materials were put in effect to the students to be able to succeed discovery learning. With this, the students were investigated an interest of mathematics and the influence giving at the studies attainment. And the students were put in effect the cooperation of group work through the small groups to improve uniformity and sturdiness of the mathematical education. The conclusion at the present research is as follows. 1) When the students put in effect the cooperation of group work through the small groups, the scholarly attainments of mathematics totally didn't display useful changes as improvement. However, the students of average and the low class gradually seemed to improve the scholarly attainments of mathematics as the help of the top class positively. 2) An individual and cooperation learning in the method of the cooperation of group work through the small groups displayed many changes at the learning attitude of the students by means of discovery learning thanks to the learning heads. 3) When the investigator put in effect the cooperation of group work through rather the small groups than the large groups, the numbers of the students experiencing interest about mathematics increased in 26% and this learning method should continue to progress.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the bone mineral density (BMD) and the anthropometric measurements, socioeconomic factors, family history of osteoporosis and other environmental factors affecting BMD in children. One hundred sixty children (80 males, 80 females) in second grade of elementary school in Seoul were recruited; the mean age was 7.7 $\pm$ 0.47 years. Bone mineral density was measured in the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), femoral trochanter (FT), and Ward's triangle (WT) by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Socioeconomic factors, family history of osteoporosis, and other environmental factors were assessed by questionnaire. Bone mineral densities of LS, FN, FT, and WT were 0.677, 0.637, 0.618, and 0.658 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$. BMD of boys was higher than that of girls (LS: 0.685 vs. 0.669, FN: 0.660 vs. 0.614, FT: 0.632 vs. 0.604, WT: 0.678 vs. 0.639 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$). Anthrometric measurements (height, weight relative body weight, circumference of waist and hip) were positively correlated with BMD. With increasing family income, BMD of LS was significantly lowered, and negative correlation was observed between mother's age at birth of subject and the BMD of FN. And the BMD of children with a family history of osteoporosis was significantly lower. However BMDs were not different by educational level of parents, family pattern, delivery term, birth weight, and type of feeding. Further studies are needed to clarify the factors affecting BMD of children and earlier age, included infants and even prenatal life. If any association is revealed and persist until the attainment of peak bone mass, osteoporosis prevention programs are needed to be start very early in the life cycle.