• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.6 s.220
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• pp.47-58
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• 2006

This research focused on the family stress and family strengths in double-income couples. The subjects of this study were 171 double-income couples, in the Kyeongnam Area, Korea. The major findings from the study are as follows. 1) The degree of family stress of the husband and wife in double-income couples was 2.90 and 2.97, respectively, on a scale of 0-5.0. The significant variables were economic level, self-esteem and marital satisfaction in double-income couples' husband, and having a housework-helper, job satisfaction, self-esteem and marital satisfaction in double-income couples' wife. 2) The degree of family strengths of the husband and wife in double-income couples was 3.84 and 3.82, respectively, on a scale of 0-5.0. The significant variables were job satisfaction, self-esteem and marital satisfaction in double-income couples' husband, and the educational level, job type, self-esteem and marital satisfaction in double-income couples' wife. 3) There was a close inverse correlation between the lamely stress and family strengths in the husband and wife of double-income couples.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.81-102
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the work-family reconciliation level of married women in double-income households. Specifically, the study aimed to test the positive spillover effects, asymmetry, and differential functions of work-family reconciliation. The study thus analyzed 1,114 married women in double-income households in the third-year data of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF) done by Korean Women's Development Institute (KWDI), with the exception of those who were separated, divorced, or widowed from their husbands. The data were put to descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and exploratory factor analysis using SPSS 20.0 for Windows. AMOS 20.0 was used to test the hypothesis on positive spillover effects, asymmetry, and differential functions. The analysis results confirm that work-family conflict, family-work conflict, work-family facilitation, and family-work facilitation are different concepts, thus supporting the hypothesis on positive spillover effects. Secondly, the negative effects of family on work were greater than those of work on family, whereas the positive effects of family on work were greater than those of work on family, which finding partially supported the hypothesis on asymmetry among the components of work-family reconciliation. Finally, the married women in double-income households with preschool children experienced more work-family conflict and family-work conflict than those with no preschool children, which result supported the hypothesis on differential functions between the two groups of women. The findings were combined to provide implications for the utilization of family resources, policies for work-family reconciliation, and plans for institutional supports to promote the work-family reconciliation of married women in double-income households.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.109-126
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• 2010

This study set out to investigate if work-family conflict and work-family enhancement would have mediating effects on the impact of gender role attitudes of women from double income households on their satisfaction of work and marriage. A structural modelof gender role attitudes was set as the independent variable, work-family conflict and work-family enhancement as the mediating variables, and work satisfaction and marriage satisfaction as the dependent variables. The subjects consisted of 2,713 married women from double income households and information was obtained from the first year data of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF) collected by the Korean Women's Development Institute (KWDI). Using SPSS 15.0 software, descriptive statistics were gathered, and frequency and factor analyses were conducted. AMOS 7.0 software was used to analyze both the measurement model and the structural model. The results indicate that work-family conflict and work-family enhancement had partial mediating effects on the impacts of gender role attitudes on work and marriage satisfaction among women from double income households. Notably, work-family enhancement had a greater effect than work-family conflict, which suggests that the elements of work-family enhancement, which are the positive aspects of work on family and family on work, should be promoted. It is, however, also important to make efforts to resolve work-family conflict by increasing the satisfaction level of work and marriage among women from double income households.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

The study is attempted to help double-income families use resources efficiently and rationally by analyzing The Time Use each of working women and housewives having preschool children based on the data of The Time Use survey carried out in 2004 and promote understandings on their quality of life, lifestyle and family welfare. To this end, the study analyzes the actual The Time Use of double-income families haying preschool children. The findings of the study are as follows: First, according to the comparison of The Time Use between double-income families and single-income families in 1999 and 2004, there is no significant difference in husbands' participation time in family management or family care between 1999 and 2004. Second, according to the comparison of The Time Use between double-income families and single-income families depending on the presence or non-presence of preschool children, families haying preschool children spent much more hours in family care than families without preschool children. Third, according to the comparison of the weekend schedule between double-income families and single-income families, it is found that working women work much more than housewives not only on weekdays but also on weekends and in particular, it is found that working women having preschool children work 2 hours longer than housewives.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.92-96
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• 2006

With the change of family type and diversify of life style, residents need various unit plan in Quality. A rate of economically productive women has increased, and generally double-income households will continuously increase in the future. So a research is requested to consider the double-income households's satisfaction for a unit plan based on their life characteristics. The purpose of this study is to find out double-income households's lifestyles, and to search and analyze users' needs for spatial composition according to their lifestyles, and then, embody spatial composition of Apartment Unit plans. The findings are as follows. (1) Housing lifestyles of users living in apartment are categorized into 5 types: seeking the way to make housework easy and comfortable, making the best use spatial composition, pursing the universalism, housework oriented, pursing the leisure. (2) The type of seeking the way to make housework easy and comfortable requests facility with home appliances and a shower bath, the type of making the best use spatial composition requests storage space and trial about new plan, the type of pursing the universalism is concerned about the protection of environment and a memorial service, the type of housework oriented wants a talk with their family and discuss some problem, and the type of pursing the leisure requests division of household with their family and likes traveling and sports.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.1 s.60
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• pp.73-82
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• 2007

With the change of family type and diversify of life style, residents need various unit plan in quality. A rate of economically productive women has increased, and generally double-income households will continuously increase in the future. So a research is requested to consider the double-income households's satisfaction for a unit plan based on their life characteristics. The purpose of this study is to find out double-income households's lifestyles, and to search and analyze users' needs for spatial composition according to their lifestyles, and then, embody spatial composition of Apartment Unit plans. The findings are as follows. (1) Housing lifestyles of users living in apartment arc categorized into 5 types: pursuing the trend and personality, pursuing the convenience and leisure, pursuing being domestic, making a livelihood and practicality, the type of unspecification. (2) The type of pursing the trend and individuality requests new plan and a shower bath, the type of pursing the convenience and leisure requests facility with home appliances and likes traveling and sports, the type of making a hearth and home wants a talk with their family and discuss some problem, the type of making a livelihood and practicality requests storage space, the type of unspecification wants a comfortable master bedroom zone. Consequently factors of residental space plan are need for double-income households.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.63-84
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• 2011

This qualitative case study focused on the workers' flexibility needs. We selected eight full-time workers from one 2009 family friendly certified firm for observation and in-depth interview. The workers are categorized into three groups; male employees with housewives, double income family workers depending on extended family, and double income family workers depending on paid babysitter. The spouse's work status and informal extended familial support to child care were crucial factors to influence their work family life styles and flexibility needs. The flex time is the most desirable everyday needs for the dual working child caring parents depending on the paid help. And the female workers' concerned about the stigma effect of the institutionalized flexibility use of the inferior labors.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.33-60
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• 2018

This research was conducted to identify factors that affect work-life balance and happiness among married working couples with a double income. To this end, a survey was administered to 260 married working couples in the Seoul metropolitan region. The analysis of the survey responses using the SPSS (Ver. 21) program yielded several important results. First, the variables that significantly affected work-family balance included the number of family dinners eaten together, meaning of life, efforts to strike a work-life balance, and the availability of social institutions and policies that promote work-life balance. Variables that significantly affected work-leisure balance included meaning of life, number of family dinners eaten together, gender, and the availability of social institutions and policies that promote work-leisure balance. As for work-growth balance, significant variables included meaning of life, communication with colleagues, income, and meaning of work. Finally, variables that significantly affected happiness included meaning of life, income, communication with colleagues, and work-growth balance. Based on these results, follow-up research needs to be conducted on various groups to help determine the factors that will ensure their work-life balance and happiness.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.99-116
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the frequencies of family leisure activities and family meals and family closeness on the sociality of elementary school children. From October 1 to November 30, 2010, data were collected from 290 elementary school children and their parents residing in Seoul and Incheon. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, there was a significant difference between double-income and single-income families in the frequency of family meals single-income families enjoyed fewer family leisure activities and more family meals than double-income families did. Second, the levels of family closeness were significantly predicted by the frequencies of family leisure activities and family meals, and family meals more significantly predicted the levels of family closeness than did family leisure activities. Finally, the frequencies of family leisure activities and family meals significantly predicted the levels of children's sociality, as did the levels of family closeness. In conclusion, family leisure and family meals are important activities that enhance family closeness and children's sociality.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.81-96
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• 2011

This study analyzed the time use of dual income paid workers. The data was selected from the '2009 Korean Time Use Survey' by the Korean National Statistical Office. There were 2799 respondents who were paid workers with dual income. There were big differences in time use between men and women. The result showed that men's time allocation focused on 'labor and leisure' and women's time allocation focused on ‘labor and housework'. This means the women among dual income paid workers faced difficulties in dual burden of work-family balance. Regression analysis on time use dividing men and women showed that age, education, income, working type and the presence of preschool children had significant effects on time allocation. We found the income effects on time use which reduced paid working time and increased housework and leisure time. Significantly, younger men who have preschool children spend more time in housework. We could find the possibility of a change in men's time allocation.