• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.44-51
• /
• 2005

According to the increasing concern on the global environment, the $CO_2$ regulation has been discussed including automobile emission regulation. In order to cope with this rapid changing circumstances, the development of an ultra low emission and super fuel economy automobile is essential. Direct injection LPG engine is the one of the possible future engine to maximize the engine efficiency. This experimental study for the development of direct injection LPG engine technology is promoted with two parts; spray characteristics of high pressure swirl injector, and performance characteristics of direct injection LPG engine. Engine characteristics according to the fuel was analyzed in order to establish stratified combustion technology for LPG engine by using the DISI engine. In the engine experiment, control system was manufactured for gasoline and LPG fuel. The engine was modified 2,000 cc GDI engine (fuel supply device, fuel injection device). Through this experiment, engine operating condition, engine speed and spark timing (MBT), fuel injection position, and fuel rate were investigated.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the self-regulation in E-commerce business and review the major issues of self-regulation in several countries. This paper reviewed the legislation for the self regulation of APEC, OECD and EC, and introduced the regulation system for several countries, such as U.S. U.K and Japan. Also, we analyzed the current issues and problems of self-regulation in Korea and tried to suggest the future direction. There were three different regulations such as market forces, government regulation and self-regulation and the model of self-regulations were shaped in various types. Even though the government made the standard regulations for business sector but it was impossible to direct individual firms and their compliance of those regulations. To compensate the government regulation, the self regulation with low cost is needed and also two kinds of regulations has to be unified to enhance the regulation system in E-commerce. Industries should participate for the regulation voluntarily and consumers must give an award of legislation for self-regulation to motivate the self-regulations of industries.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제13권11호
• /
• pp.690-698
• /
• 2013

발전된 디지털 환경은 생활 편의성 향상 측면에서 상당한 이점을 가져다주고 있지만, 무분별한 정보의 접근은 오히려 새로운 사회 문제를 발생시키고 있다. 특히 청소년이나 어린이 인터넷 이용 인구의 증가로 인터넷 상의 유해 정보로부터 야기되는 부정적인 영향에 대한 우려가 높아짐에 따라, 국제 사회에서는 인터넷 상의 청소년 및 어린이 보호를 위한 정책 마련과 각종 활동의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 본고에서는 이와 같은 추세를 반영해 해외 주요 국가의 청소년 보호를 위한 인터넷 규제 및 운영 현황을 살펴보고 향후 국내에서 청소년 보호를 위한 인터넷 환경 강화에 필요한 요건을 도출해본다. 주요 국가들은 민간단체들과 긴밀한 협력 구조 구축과 캠페인, 지속적인 교육 등을 통해 자율적인 규제를 유도하며 직접적인 규제를 최소화 하고 있음에도 불구하고, 한국은 인터넷 게임 셧다운제와 같은 직접적이고 강압적인 규제를 시행하고 있으며 사회 인프라 조성 활동도 미흡한 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서, 바람직한 인터넷 환경을 조성하기 위해서는 민간 전문가 및 민간단체 등의 협력 증진과 간접적 규제 기반 조성으로 자율적인 규제를 지향하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국보육학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.27-51
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 어머니의 일상적 스트레스, 아동의 인지조절과 정서조절이 아동의 학교준비도에 미치는 직접적인 영향 뿐 아니라 어머니의 일상적 스트레스가 아동의 인지조절과 정서조절을 통해 아동의 학교준비도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였고, 아동의 성별에 따른 매개효과의 차이를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 서울시 송파구, 경기도 용인시 및 분당구의 유치원과 어린이집 4곳에 재원 중인 만5세반 취학전 아동 273명과 그들의 어머니 273명이었다. 본 연구에서 수집된 자료는 SPSS 24.0과 Mplus 6.0($Muth{\acute{e}}n$ & $Muth{\acute{e}}n$, 2010)을 사용해 Pearson의 적률상관분석 및 적합도 지수를 통해 가설의 적합성을 확인하였고, 매개효과를 검증하기 위해서 구조방정식 모형(Structural Equation Modeling: SEM)을 사용하였다. 또한 아동의 성별에 따른 경로의 통계적 유의성 차이를 살펴보기 위해 다중집단분석(multi group analysis)을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 나타난 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어머니의 일상적 스트레스는 아동의 인지조절 및 정서조절에 직접적으로 부적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 아동의 인지조절은 아동의 학교준비도의 하위요인 중 단체생활을 위한 기본자세 및 학습활동을 위한 능력에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 아동의 정서조절은 아동의 학교준비도의 하위요인 중 사회정서적 유능성에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 어머니의 일상적 스트레스는 아동의 인지조절을 매개로 아동의 학교준비도의 하위요인 중 단체생활을 위한 기본자세 및 학습활동을 위한 능력에 영향을 주었으며, 아동의 정서조절을 매개로 아동의 학교준비도의 하위요인 중 사회적 유능성에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 남아의 경우에는 어머니의 일상적 스트레스가 아동의 인지조절에 미치는 영향이 여아의 경우보다 적은 반면에, 인지조절이 아동의 학교준비도의 하위요인 중 단체생활을 위한 기본자세에 미치는 영향은 여아보다 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제44권7호
• /
• pp.99-111
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate children's emotional response, emotion regulation strategy, and emotion regulation effect (regulation effect of strategies), and to determine the relationships among emotion regulation strategy, emotion regulation effect and children's psychological well-being in anger, (ear, and disappointment situations. Emotion regulation strategy recomposed four strategies through factor analysis based on the children's direct answers to the question inquiring on the method used to regulate anger, fear, and disappointment. A total of 359 elementary school children in glades 5 or 6 selected one strategy use to regulate anger, fear, and disappointment. The effect of that selected strategy were estimated. Psychological well-being is evaluated by a questionnaire. The results of this study showed that most of elementary school children used the attention evocation strategy to regulate anger, fear, and disappointment, and this strategy was confirmed to be the most effective. Children's psychological well-being was associated with only emotion regulation effect in anger, fear, and disappointment situations.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.523-544
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 목적은 내생적 환경정책모형(endogenous environmental policy)에 기초하여 외국인직접투자(foreign direct investment), 경제성장, 환경규제의 상호관계를 실증적으로 분석하는 것이다. 외국인자본비율의 1% 증가는 0.044%(고정효과), 0.047%(확률효과)의 경제성장효과를 유발하였으며, 노동자 1인당 생산량의 1% 증가는 2.038%(고정효과), 1.890%(확률효과)의 환경규제강화를 유도하는 것으로 계측되었다. 그러나 생산 과정에 있어 강력한 환경규제가 기술혁신의 유인으로 작용한다는 포터의 가설(Porter's theory)을 지지할 만한 실증결과는 보여주지 못하였다. 또한 2개의 대기오염물질 (NOx, $CO_2$)을 기준으로 규모효과(0.0119, 0.0172)가 기술효과(-0.0048, -0.0007)보다 크게 추정되었다. 이는 국제사회의 꾸준한 노력에도 불구하고 더욱 적극적인 환경보호를 위해 각국의 공공지출액을 증액시킬 필요성이 있음을 의미한다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.155-166
• /
• 1996

A direct injection sprayer was designed using the concepts of injection mixing and total flow control, flowrate-based system compensating for the variation of forwarding speed. A metered rate, proportionally to the actual diluent flow rate, of a tracer chemical was injected directly into the diluent stream. The injection of chemical may improve the precision and safety of chemical application process. The control system was evaluated for the variables of the control interval, tolerances and sensitivities of flow regulation valve and injection pump. Performance of the system was assessed as that the response time of flow rate, response time of injection rate, absolute steady state error, and the coefficient of variance(C.V.) of concentration were 8.5 and -0.53 seconds, 0.067 lpm(0.8%) and 3.15%, respectively, at optimal parameters of control interval of 1.0 sec, fast sensitivity of flow regulation valve, medium sensitivity of injection pump and medium tolerance of flow rate. Performance of the system can be improved by increasing the sensitivity of flow regulating valve and employing a high resolution velocimeter, such as Doppler radar.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 2009

Natural killer (NK) cells play key roles in innate and adaptive immune defenses. NK cell responses are mediated by two major mechanisms: the direct cytolysis of target cells, and immune regulation by production of various cytokines. Many previous reports show that the complex NK cell activation process requires de novo gene expression regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Specialized un-translated regions (UTR) of mRNAs are the main mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation. Analysis of posttranscriptional regulation is needed to clearly understand NK cell biology and, furthermore, harness the power of NK cells for therapeutic aims. This review summarizes the current understanding of mRNA metabolism during NK cell activation, focusing primarily on post-transcriptional regulation.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.671-679
• /
• 2007

This study investigated the relationship between maternal facilitative communication perceived by children and the social adjustment which was measured as pro-social behaviors and aggressive behaviors in children. Special attention was given to the mediating effect of the child's self-regulation on the relationship. The subjects, selected by convenience sampling method, were 193 fourth and fifth grade elementary school students. Data was analyzed through Pearson's correlation, reliability analysis, and multiple regression using the SPSS 12.0. The findings of the study were as follows. First, the mother's facilitative communication perceived by the child was positively associated with the pro-social behavior, while, it was negatively correlated with the aggressive behavior of the child. Second, the mother's facilitative communication had direct effect on the prosocial behavior and the aggressive behavior of the child. Third, the direct impact of facilitative communication on social adjustment was mediated by the self-regulation variable. Based on these findings, this study proposes strategies for the improvement of children's adjustment during late childhood.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.158-167
• /
• 2019

This research comparatively studies three kinds of flux regulation methods, namely, stored capacitor discharge pulse (SCDP), constant current source pulse (CCSP), and quantitative flux regulation pulse (QFRP), which are used for hybrid permanent magnet (PM) axial field flux-switching memory machines (HPM-AFFSMMs). Through an analysis of the operation principle and the series hybrid PM flux regulation mechanism of the objective machine, the circuit topologies and flux regulation process of these flux regulation methods are addressed in detail. On the basis of a simulation, the flux regulation characteristics of the researched machine during the magnetization and demagnetization processes are comparatively evaluated. Then, machine performance, including back EMF, direct and quadrature axis inductances, and magnetization and demagnetization characteristics, is quantitatively investigated. Results show that the QFRP enables the HPM-AFFSMM to achieve a less harmonic component of back EMF by approximately 7.28% and 7.97% at the magnetization and demagnetization states, respectively, and a more complete magnetization process than the SCDP and CCSP.