• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 1989

To isolate new antioxidants from Panax ginseng, methanol extract of Panax ginseng was fractionated into several subfractions and their antioxidant activities were measured by using ${\alpha}$, ${\alpha}-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl$(DPPH). Four compounds were isolated from two subfractions that showed high DPPH quenching activities by silica gel, ${\mu}$ Bondapak $C_{18}$ or Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The four compounds were confirmed to be phenolic substances by color reaction and UV spectral analysis.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.354-357
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• 2000

Two ellagitannins, pedunculagin and 2,3-(S)-Hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP)-D -glucose and three condensed tannins, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B-4 which were isolated from Rubus coreanum were evaluated for their antioxidative effects with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and lipid peroxidation generation system mediated by addition of $H_2O$$_2$to rat liver homogenate (TBARS). The ellagitannins, 2,3-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose and pedunculagin, showed more potent antioxidative activities by DPPH and TBARS than condensed tannins.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.2585-2591
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• 2012

A series of heterocyclic chalcone derivatives bearing heterocycles such as thiophene or furan ring as an isostere of benzene ring were carefully prepared, and the influence of heterocycles on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities was systematically investigated. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) analysis showed that the activities of thiophene ring-containing chalcones were higher than those of furan ring-containing chalcones, and the presence of methyl substituent of heterocyclic ring distinctly affected the activities compared with non-substituted heterocycles in an opposite manner, with the 4'-methyl group of thiophene ring increasing activity and the 3'-methyl group of the furan ring decreasing activity. The distinct isosteric effect of heterocycles (i.e., thiophene or furan ring) on radical scavenging activities of heterocyclic chalones was distinctly demonstrated in our work.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 1999

The effects of aqueous extracts from Korean commercial teas on excessive free radicals were examined utilizing spin trapping, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and lipid peroxidation. A potent scavenging effect of green tea and oriental senna tea was dound using sipin trapping. The most effective teasagainst the DPPH radical was green tea, followed inorder by pine leak tea, Chinese gutta percha tea and orietnal senna tea. Similar to the effects of DPPH radical , green tea, pine leaf tea, Chinese gutta percha tea and oriential senna tea had an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. These findings predict that Korean tea is a promising material for scavenging free radicals, and for curing diseases related to free-radical reactions.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2022

Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the beta-glucan & ginsenoside content, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect and safety of herbal medicine mix. Methods The marker compounds contents, antioxidant activity and safety of herbal medicine mix were tested. The contents of beta-glucan and ginsenoside Rg3 were measured, the antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory and a safety test was conducted via single dose toxicity assessment. Results Analyzing the contents of marker compounds showed 362.3 mg/g of beta-glucan, and 0.4184 mg/g of ginsenoside Rg3. In the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the IC50 of herbal medicine mix, was 0.146%. The scavenging activity of herbal medicine mix was 88.28% activity at 0.5% concentration, and 90.61% activity at 5% concentration. In the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) anti-inflammatory test, the herbal remix showed a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-𝛼) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to the LPS-induced group. In the single dose toxicity test of herbal medicine mix, a dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight (BW) was set at its highest capacity and observed after oral administration to female and male rats. No toxicological findings were recognized. It was observed that the resulting lethal dose can be set to 2,000 mg/kg BW or higher for both females and males. Conclusions The results of the experiment on herbal medicine mix showed that the marker compounds contents were beta-glucan and ginsenoside Rg3, that antioxidant activity was observed through the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory effect was observed through TNF-𝛼 and IL-6 measurement, and safety was confirmed through the single dose toxicity assessment.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2011

The chemical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity changes of ginsenoside $Rb_1$-glycine and ginsenoside $Rg_1$-glycine mixtures by Maillard reaction were investigated to identify the role of Maillard reaction in the increased antioxidant activity of ginseng by heat-processing. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of $Rg_1$-glycine mixture was more strongly increased by heat-processing than that of $Rb_1$-glycine mixture. From the analyses of ginsenosides, $Rb_1$ was gradually changed into 20(S)-$Rg_3$, 20(R)-$Rg_3$, $Rk_1$ and $Rg_5$ by heat-processing. $Rg_1$ was gradually changed into 20(S)-$Rh_1$, 20(R)-$Rh_1$, $Rk_3$ and $Rh_4$ by heat-processing. However, the generation of these less-polar ginsenosides was not related to the increased DPPH radical scavenging activity of $Rb_1$-glycine and $Rg_1$-glycine mixtures because their DPPH radical scavenging activities were already significantly increased when dried at $50^{\circ}C$, which temperature induce no structural changes of ginsenosides. In the comparison of browning compound levels of $Rg_1$-glycine and $Rb_1$-glycine mixtures, the extents of Maillard reaction were positively correlated with their increased free radical scavenging activities. Based on the chemical and DPPH radical scavenging activity changes of $Rg_1$-glycine and $Rb_1$-glycine mixtures by heat-processing, we clearly identified that the increased free radical scavenging activity of ginsenoside is mediated by the Maillard reaction between sugar moiety of ginsenoside and amino acid.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.223-231
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• 2021

The antioxidant activity of Chrysanthemum indicum L. extract (CIL) was investigated by fermenting lactic acid bacteria with the CIL from 64% and 80% ethanol extraction and measuring the total phenolic contents (TPC), flavonoid, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power (RP), and linoleic acid auto-oxidation inhibitory activity. CIL was confirmed to inhibit bacterial auto-oxidation. TPC was increased in strains 3109 and 3237, while flavonoid decreased in all strains. DPPH was increased in strains 3074 and 3109 fermented with 64% CIL and all the strains with 80% CIL. RP was increased and linoleic acid auto-oxidation inhibitory activity decreased in all the strains fermented with 64% or 80% CIL. Among the 4 strains, strain 3109 had the highest DPPH and RP; thus, it was most effective in increasing CIL's antioxidant efficacy through the fermentation process.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2012

In the present study, an attempt to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of fungal endophytes inhabiting $Emblica$ $officinalis$ has been made keeping in view the medicinal importance of the selected host plant in Indian traditional practices. A total of four endophytic fungi belonging to Phylum Ascomycetes were isolated from different parts of the plant which were characterized morphologically and by using rDNA-internal transcribed spacer. The most frequently isolated endophyte was $Phomopsis$ sp. The antioxidant activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay, and total phenol were evaluated using ethanolic extract of endophytic fungi. DPPH activities in all the ethanolic extract increased with the increase in concentrations. Endophytes, $Phomopsis$ sp. and $Xylaria$ sp. showed highest antioxidant activity and also had the higher levels of phenolics. Antimicrobial activity of fungal extract were tested against four bacteria namely, $Escherichia$ $coli$ MTCC730, $Enteroccocus$ $faecalis$ MTCC2729, $Salmonella$ $enterica$ ser. $paratyphi$ MTCC735 and $Streptococcus$ $pyogenes$ MTCC1925, and the fungus $Candida$ $albicans$ MTCC183. In general, the fungal extracts inhibited the growth of test organisms except $E.$ $coli$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.310-314
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• 1994

An antioxidant was isolated from pine needles. This compound was identified as 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3[2H]-furanone on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and by the comparison with the synthetic one from the Maillard reaction of xylose and glycine. It scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radicals more efficiently than 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3[2H]-furanone and $3-hydroxy-2-methyl-{\gamma}-pyrone$ did. It exhibited inhibitory effects on the autoxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and linolenic acid.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.231-237
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• 2012

In order to use the Schizandra chinensis seed oil as a basic material of cosmetic component, the research was done by analyzed components of Schizandra chinensis seed oil and evaluation it's stability with GC and GC/MSD. As a result, it's main component were showed as palmitic acid and oleic acid. It has excellent stability because it's ingredients did not change under the heat. Also, the antioxidant effect used DPPH(1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) test method, indicated higher radical scavenging ability compare to widely-use macademia nut oil and olive oil. Collagen synthesis effect also appeared outstanding. Therefore, the Schizandra chinensis seed oil was determined that it has possibility to be used well for cosmetic material.