• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.727-733
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to identify the mechanism about the regulation of appetite by examining the expression patterns of neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamus of mice either fasting mouse for 24 hours or with anorexia mutant mouse. In order to investigate the patterns of expression of neurpeptide Y, immunohistochemistry was employed for measurements at the tissue level, along with the molecular biological techniques of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and dot blotting. The results of this study are as follows. The level of expression of neruopeptide Y, a neuropeptide known to enhance appetite, was shown to be lowered in the arcuate nucleus(ARC), paraventricular nucleus(PVN), lateral hypothalamic area(LHA), and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus(DMN) in both the fasting and anorexia mutant groups when measured via immunohistochemistry, a tissue-level method. RT-PCR and dot blotting, the molecular biological methods employed in this study, revealed that the level of neuropeptide Y mRNA in the entire hypothalamus was similar in the control and fasting groups and lower in the anorexia mutant group. The results of the present study showed that while the levels of expression of the neuropeptide Y in the various hypothalamic regions studied did not exhibit regular increases or decreases when measured immunohistochemically. But the entire hypothalamus via molecular biological methods showed that the changes in these levels were more definite in the anorexia mutant group than in the fasting group.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37A no.11
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• pp.961-971
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• 2012

This article is concerned with effective numerical techniques for partial differential equation (PDE)-based image restoration. Numerical realizations of most PDE-based denoising models show a common drawback: loss of fine structures. In order to overcome the drawback, the article introduces a new time-stepping procedure, called the method of nonflat time evolution (MONTE), in which the timestep size is determined based on local image characteristics such as the curvature or the diffusion magnitude. The MONTE provides PDE-based restoration models with an effective mechanism for the equalization of the net diffusion over a wide range of image frequency components. It can be easily applied to diverse evolutionary PDE-based restoration models and their spatial and temporal discretizations. It has been numerically verified that the MONTE results in a significant reduction in numerical dissipation and preserves fine structures such as edges and textures satisfactorily, while it removes the noise with an improved efficiency. Various numerical results are shown to confirm the claim.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Leonurus sibiricus on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells and the expression of gene related the mechanism of cell apoptosis. Methods : We counted the number of death cells treated with indicated concentration of Leonurus sibiricus and investigated cell death rate by MTS assay. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis and DNA fragmentation assay were used to dissect between necrosis and apoptosis and then we observed the differential gene expression by western blot analysis. Results : Leonurus sibiricus significantly inhibited the proliferation of uterine leiomyoma cell in a dose-dependent and time dependent manner. Fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis indicated that Leonurus sibiricus induced G1 cell cycle arrest. Leonurus sibiricus enhanced the expression of p27 and p53 with cell cycle arrest. Conclusion : These findings suggest that Leonurus sibiricus is a candidate agent for the treatment of uterine leiomyoma. p27, $p53^{1}$ may play an important role in Leonurus sibiricus-induced cell cycle arrest and cell growth inhibition.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2009

We have investigated the transient behavior of 1D fully developed Poiseuille viscoelastic flow under finite pressure gradient described by the Oldroyd-B and Leonov constitutive equations. For analysis we employ a simple $2^{nd}$ order discretization scheme such as central difference for space and the Crank-Nicolson for time approximation. For the analysis of the Oldroyd-B model, we also apply the analytical solution, which is obtained again in this work in terms of elementary solution procedure simpler than the previous one (Waters and King, 1970). Both models demonstrate qualitatively similar solutions, but their eventual steady flowrate exhibits noticeable difference due to the absence or presence of shear thinning behavior. In the inertialess flow, the flowrate instantaneously attains a large value corresponding to the Newtonian creeping flow and then decreases to its steady value when the applied pressure gradient is low. However with finite liquid density the flow field shows severe fluctuation even accompanying reversals of flow directions. As the assigned pressure gradient increases, the flowrate achieves its steady value significantly higher than its value during oscillations after quite long period of time. We have also illustrated comparison between 1D and 2D results and possible mechanism of complex 2D flow rearrangement employing a previous solution of [mite element computation. In addition, we discuss some mathematical points regarding missing boundary conditions in 2D modeling due to the change of the type of differential equations when varying from inertialess to inertial flow.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.539-543
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• 2013

There is a correlation between obesity and the amount of brown adipose tissue; however, the molecular mechanism of brown adipogenic differentiation has not been as extensively studied. In this study, we performed a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) profiling analysis during the brown adipogenic differentiation of mouse primary brown preadipocytes. Several PTPs, including PTPRF, PTPRZ, and DUSP12 showing differential expression patterns were identified. In the case of DUSP12, the expression level is dramatically downregulated during brown adipogenesis. The ectopic expression of DUSP12 using a retroviral expression system induces the suppression of adipogenic differentiation, whereas a catalytic inactive DUSP12 mutant showed no effect on differentiation. These results suggest that DUSP12 is involved in brown adipogenic differentiation and may be used as a target protein for the treatment or prevention of obesity by the regulation of brown adipogenic differentiation.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.341-344
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• 2002

A matched asymptotic analysis is conducted for a compressible rotating flow in a cylindrical container when a mechanical and/or a thermal disturbance is imposed on the wall. The system Ekman number is assumed to be very small. The conditions for the Taylor-Proudman column in the interior, which were also given in the companion paper Park & Hyun, 2002) by means of the energy balancing analysis, have been re-derived. The concept of the variable, the energy content $e[{\equiv}T+2 {\alpha}^2 {\gamma}{\nu}]$, is reformulated, and its effectiveness in characterizing the energy transport mechanism is delineated. It is seen that, under the condition of the Taylor-Proudman column, numerous admissible theoretical solutions for interior flow exist with an associated wail boundary condition. Some canonical examples are illustrated with comprehensive physical descriptions. The differential heating problem on the top and bottom endwall disks is revisited by using the concept of the energy content. The results are shown to be in line with the previous findings.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.136-145
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• 1986

The perfect and accurate methods to control the wear are not made clear so far. For this phenomenon only mating surface has been studied. In order to control the wear the essence of it has to be made clear. It is reported that adhesive wear might occure as a result of plastic deformation, the fracture and removal or transfer asperities on close contacting surfaces. On this view point the plastic flow was attempted to compare with fluid or electromagnetic flow. The partial differential equations of equilibrium for the plane strain deformation will make use of the method of characteristics. The characteristic curves or characteristics of the hyperbolic equation coincide with the slip lines by R. Hill's papers. By Hencky's stress equation, it is evident that if P and .phi. are prescribed for a boundary condition then it may be possible to proceed along constant .alpha. and .betha. lines to determine the value of the hydrostatic pressure everywhere in the slip line field net work. A wedge formation mechanism has been considered for an explanation of this matters. The analysis shows that there is a critical value, which depends on the hardness ratio and the shear stress on the interface, for the top angle of asperity is less than this critical value, the asperity can yield plastically despite of being harder than the mating surface.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.261-266
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• 2002

Up to now a wide variety of researches on inpipe robots for inspection have been introduced, but it still seems to be difficult to construct a robot providing mobility sufficient to navigate inside the complicated configuration of underground pipelines. The robot for the inspection of pipelines should freely move along the basic configuration of pipelines such as along horizontal or vertical pipelines. Moreover it should be able to travel along reducers and elbows, and especially the capability for steering in branches is essential to it. In this report, citical points and technologies in the development of the inpipe inspection robots are introduced and inpipe robots developed for last several years are introduced.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.352-356
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• 2008

Root discs of 4-year-old ginseng, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, were inoculated with the higher($10^8$ colonyforming units(CFU)/ml) and lower($10^6\;or\;10^5$ CFU/ml) initial inoculum levels of a plant-growth promoting rhizobacterium(PGPR), Paenibacillus polymyxa GBR-1 to examine rot symptom development and bacterial population changes on the root discs. At the higher inoculum level, brown rot symptoms developed and expanded on the whole root discs in which the bacterial population increased continuously up to 4 days after inoculation. In light and electron microscopy, ginseng root cells on the inoculation sites were extensively decayed, which were characterized by dissolved cell walls and destructed cytoplasmic contents. However, no rot symptoms were developed and the bacterial population increased only during the initial two days of inoculation at the lower inoculum level($10^6$ CFU/ml) of P. polymyxa GBR-1. At the lower inoculum level($10^5$ CFU/ml), boundary layers with parallel periclinal cell divisions, structurally similar to wound periderm, were formed internal to the inoculation sites, beneath which the cells were intact containing numerous normal-looking starch granules and no disorganized cell organelles, suggesting that these structural features may be related to the suppression of symptom development, a histological defense mechanism.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.89-103
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• 2011

Two rice varieties, viz. Nonabokra and Pokkali, have been evaluated for their responses to salinity in terms of some physiological and biochemical attributes. During the exposure to salinity (200 mM concentration of sodium chloride for 24, 48, and 72 h), a significant increase in sodium was recorded which was also concomitant with the changes of other metabolic profiles like proline, phenol, polyamine, etc. The protein oxidation was significantly increased and also varied between the two cultivars. The changes in activities of anti-oxidative enzymes under stress were significantly different to the control. The detrimental effects of salinity were also evident in terms of lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll content, protein profiles, and generation of free radicals; and these were more pronounced in Pokkali than in Nonabokra. The assessment and analysis of these physiological characters under salinity could unravel the mechanism of salt responses revealed in this present study and thus might be useful for selection of tolerant plant types under the above conditions of salinity.