• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

The objectives of this study were to assess food behavior and nutritional status of preschool children by using the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for children and children's growth index. The subjects for this study were 424, 5-year old children, who enrolled in child-care centers (n = 219) and kindergartens (n = 205) in Nowon-gu, Seoul. The NQ was examined by NQ questionnaire which consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items. Their items were grouped into 5 categories: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. Children's anthropometric measurements were performed by using InBody J05. All data were statistically analyzed by SAS 9.3 and significant difference was evaluated by Student's t-test and ${\chi}^2$-test. The rates of overweight and obesity for subjects were 11.1% and 3.3%, respectively. Total NQ score of the subjects was 65.1, which was within medium grade. The NQ score of kindergartens (66.1) was higher than that of child-care center (64.2), showing significant difference by institution type. In addition, the NQ score of obesity was significantly lower than that of normal weight subjects. The scores of balance (p < 0.05) and regularity factor (p < 0.001) were higher in kindergarten compared to child-care center. Particularly, the frequency of consumption of white milk and Ramyeon was higher (p < 0.001) and lower (p < 0.05) respectively in kindergarten compared to child-care center. Frequencies of meal regularity (P < 0.01) and breakfast eating (p < 0.001) were also higher in kindergarten compared to child-care center. These results indicate that kindergarten's children had better eating habits than those of child-care center. Overall analysis of items for food behavior checklists implies that children in Nowon-gu are short of vegetables consumption. Therefore, children and their parents need proper nutrition education and counseling to correct their eating habits and to improve their nutritional status.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.2505-2510
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• 2015

본 연구는 사춘기 전, 중, 후의 스트레스저항력의 차이를 알아보고자 하는 목적이다. 연구는 2012년 10월부터 12월까지 두달간 진행했다. 대상자로 사춘기 전과 중은 Y시 초등학교와 중학교 학생들을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 사춘기 전 28명, 중 35명 두 집단으로 나누고 사춘기 후 집단은 한국 정신과학 연구소의 전국 대학생 33명 뇌파로 사춘기 전, 중, 후 세 집단의 항 스트레스 차이를 알아보았다. 연구결과는 좌뇌 사춘기 전 평균값 77.11, 중 79.14, 후 84.93, 우뇌의 전 평균값 77.24, 중 79.89, 후 84.43으로 점차 항 스트레스지수가 증가됨을 볼 수 있었다. 이는 사춘기의 심리적 특성이 설문방식뿐만 아니라 과학적인 뇌파에 의해서도 입증될 수 있다는데 의미가 있다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 1997

There are two types of phonetic study, acoustic and physiologic, for differentiating the three manner categories of Korean stop consonants. On the physiologic studies, there are endoscopic, electromyographic(EMG), electroglottographic(EGG) and aerodynamic studies. In this study, I tried to investigate general features of Korean stops using EGG study for the open quotient of vocal fold and baseline shift during speech, and aerodynamic characteristics for e subglottal air pressure, air flow and glottal resistance at consonants. On the aerodynamic study, the glottalized and aspirated stops may be characterized by e increasing subglottal pressure comparing with lenis stop at consonants. The airflow is largest in the aspirated stops followed by lenis stops and glottalized. The glottal airway resistance (GAR) showed highest in the glottalized followed by the lenis, but lowest in e aspirated during e production of consonants, and showed highest in e aspirated, but low in the glottalized and lenis during the production of vowel. The glottal resistance at consonant showed significant difference among consonants and significant interaction between subject and types of consonant. The glottal resistance at vowel showed significant difference among consonants, and e interaction occured between subject and types of consonant. The electroglottography(EGG) has been used for investigating e functioning of e vocal folds during its vibration. The EGG should be related to the patterns of the vocal fold vibration during phonation in characterizing the temporal patterns of each vibratory cycle. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic change of EGG waveforms during continuous speech. The dynamic changes of EGG waveforms fir the three-way distinction of Korean stops were characterized that the aspirated stop appears to be characterized by largest open quotient and smallest glottal contact area of the vocal folds in e initial portion of vocal fold vibration ; the lenis stop by moderate open quotient and glottal contact area ; but the glottalized stop by smallest open quotient and largest glottal contact area. There may be close relationship between the OQ(open quotient) in the initial voice onset and the glottal width at the time of consonant production, the larger glottal width just before vocal fold vibration results in the smaller OQ of the vocal fold vibration in the initial voice onset. The EGG changes of baseline shift during continuous speech production were characterized by the different patterns for the three types of Korean consonants. The small and less stiffness change of baseline shift was found for the lenis and the glottalized, and the largest and stiffest change was found for the aspirated. On the baseline shift for the initial voice onset, they showed so similar patterns with for the consonant production, larger changed in the aspirated. for the lenis and the glottalized during the initial voice onset, three subjects showed individual difference each other. I suggest at s characteristics were strongly related with articulatory activity of vocal tract for the production of consonant, especially for the aspirated stop. The suspecting factors to affect EGG waveforms are glottal width, vertical laryngeal movement and the intrapharyngeal pressure to neighboring tissue during connected spech. So the EGG may be an useful method to describe laryngeal activity to classify pulsing conditions of the larynx during speech production, and EGG research can be controls for monitoring the vocal tract articulation, although above factors to affect EGG would have played such a potentially role on vocal fold vibratory behavior obtained using consonant production.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the nutrition quotient (NQ) by gender and understand which factors influence NQ in preschool children. Methods: Subjects were 245 children (110 boys, 135 girls) aged 4-6 years and their parents. The questionnaire composed of demographic characteristics, eating behavior factors and the NQ questions. The NQ consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items and all items were grouped into 5 factors: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. Inbody J05, a measurement device that measures individual's body composition was used to measure children's anthropometric data. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 20) and the statistical differences in variables were evaluated by Student t-test, ${\chi}^2-test$, One-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Results: The total NQ score of the subjects was 65.3. The NQ score of girls (67.0) was significantly higher than that of the boys (63.2) (p<0.01). The girls' average scores of NQ factors including diversity (p<0.01) and practice (p<0.05) were higher than those of the boys. The analysis of related-factors influencing NQ scores showed that there was a significant difference among the groups according to feeding methods during infancy (p<0.05), breast feeding group being the highest. Furthermore, the NQ score showed a significant difference depending on how to correct children's unbalanced diet as well as parents' nutrition knowledge. The NQ score of obesity group tended to be lower than that of underweight group although there was no significant difference. Conclusions: Overall results indicated that the girls had better quality of diet and eating habits than the boys. Children and their parents need proper nutrition education and counseling to correct children's eating habits and to improve diet quality in kindergartens and in children care centers.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.579-594
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• 2005

In this paper, we will establish some new oscillation criteria for the second-order half-linear delay difference equation $${\Delta}(Pn ({\Delta}Xn)^{\gamma})+q_nx_\array{{\gamma}\\n-{\sigma}}=0,\;n{\geq}n_0$$, where ${\gamma}>0$ is a quotient of odd positive integers. Our results in this paper are sharp and improve some of the well known oscillation results in the literature. Some examples are considered to illustrate our main results.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2015

This study considered network quotient (NQ) of deluxe hotel employees and schematized characteristic attributes of being selected by employees with image through correspondence analysis in terms of cognition degree. Self-administrated questionnaires were completed by employees (292 samples) and data were analysed by frequency, t-test, one-way ANOVA, reliability and correspondence analysis. First, the hotel employees indicated the high average value in "participating in special education or seminar for improving ability ($3.85{\pm}0.76$). Second, as a result of analyzing difference according to gender, the average value in men was higher than in women. It was indicated that the higher age and career lead to a rise even in the average value of relationship index. Third, in consequence of carrying out correspondence analysis in order to prepare image map according to cognition level on relationship index in hotel employees, the measurement item that is placed in the closest distance to the response as saying of not so very was the response as saying of "having a lunch (dinner) engagement twice or three times a week." On the other hand, the response as saying of "tending to have many acquaintances compared to coworkers" was schematized in the close distance to the response as saying of very so.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2017

The objectives of this study were to assess food intake frequency and food behavior of infants and toddlers by using the Nutrition Quotient (NQ). A total of 368 subjects (infants 111, toddlers 257) in Ganghwa county were analyzed in this study. The NQ was examined using an NQ questionnaire, which consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items. The items were grouped into five categories: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 20, and significant difference was evaluated by Student's t-test and $x^2-test$. The BMIs of infants and toddlers were $16.54kg/m^2$ and $16.01kg/m^2$, respectively. The frequencies of consumption of vegetables and fruits were higher (p<0.001) in girls and toddlers compared to boys and infants, respectively. Food behavior of meal regularity (p<0.001), breakfast eating (p<0.001), and chewing well (p<0.001) were also higher in toddlers compared to infants. Total NQ score of infants and toddlers were 62.05 and 64.91, respectively, which were within medium grade. The NQ score of toddlers was higher than that of infants (p<0.0.5). NQ score was positively correlated with parent's education, monthly income, age, and exercise. Therefore, children and their parents need proper nutrition education and counseling to correct their eating habits and improve their nutritional status.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2001

In this study, we shall be concerned with computing in parallel a few of the smallest eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors of the eigenvalue problem, $Ax={\lambda}Bx$, where A is symmetric, and B is symmetric positive definite. Both A and B are large and sparse. Recently iterative algorithms based on the optimization of the Rayleigh quotient have been developed, and CG scheme for the optimization of the Rayleigh quotient has been proven a very attractive and promising technique for large sparse eigenproblems for small extreme eigenvalues. As in the case of a system of linear equations, successful application of the CG scheme to eigenproblems depends also upon the preconditioning techniques. A proper choice of the preconditioner significantly improves the convergence of the CG scheme. The idea underlying the present work is a parallel computation of the Multi-Color Block SSOR preconditioning for the CG optimization of the Rayleigh quotient together with deflation techniques. Multi-Coloring is a simple technique to obatin the parallelism of order n, where n is the dimension of the matrix. Block SSOR is a symmetric preconditioner which is expected to minimize the interprocessor communication due to the blocking. We implemented the results on the CRAY-T3E with 128 nodes. The MPI(Message Passing Interface) library was adopted for the interprocessor communications. The test problems were drawn from the discretizations of partial differential equations by finite difference methods.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.602-611
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• 2008

지금까지 TV, 영화, 광고 등 미디어콘텐츠 제작에서 사운드디자인은 스토리를 전달하는 청각효과측면에서 전문가의 경험적 느낌에 의하여 주로 진행되었으며, 수용자가 느끼는 시청각적 효과를 적용키 위한 정량적 연구와 검증은 아직 취약한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 미디어콘텐츠 제작에서 사운드디자인설계의 차이가 수용자에게 미치는 커뮤니케이션 효과의 차이를 알아보고자 시도한 비 동등성 대조군 전후 유사실험 연구이다. 연구방법은 60초의 TV광고영상을 음악으로만 디자인한 실험영상(A트랙)과, 음향효과와 음악으로 디자인한 실험영상(B트랙)을 시청하는 동안 뇌파측정을 통하여 얻어진 뇌 지수(Brain Quotient)를 비교 분석하여, 어떠한 사운드 디자인 설계가 수용자의 커뮤니케이션 효과에 차이가 있는가를 알아보았다. 그 결과, 첫째, 인지효과의 해당 뇌지수인 주의지수(ATQ)를 A트랙과 B트랙을 비교한 결과 A트랙이 B트랙보다 높은 활성화 차이를 보였다. 이는 음악위주의 사운드 디자인이 음향효과디자인보다 수용자에게 더 높은 관심과 집중도를 보였다고 해석할 수 있다. 둘째, 감성효과에 해당하는 정서지수(EQ)를 A트랙과 B트랙 비교결과 A트랙이 B트랙보다 높은 활성화를 보였다. 이 역시 음악위주의 사운드디자인이 음향효과위주의 디자인보다 정서적으로 감성효과가 높게 관여한다는 것을 의미한다. 셋째, 기억활성효과에 해당하는 뇌 활성지수(ACQ)는 A트랙과 B트랙 비교결과 B트랙 군보다 A트랙 군이 약간의 차이가 있었으나 유의하지는 않았다. 이번 실험을 통하여 지금까지 강한 집중을 위해서는 음향효과디자인이, 정서적인 감정은 음악디자인이 관여도가 높다는 기존의 연구에서, TV광고음향의 한정이 있기는 하나 집중도에서 음악디자인이 오히려 효과가 높을 수 있으며, 정서적인 관여는 역시 음악디자인이 효과가 높다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 다만 기억활성도에서 유의한 차이가 없었던 점은 피험자숫자를 늘리는 등 계속적 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 미디어콘텐츠에서 사운드디자인설계가 수용자에게 미치는 커뮤니케이션효과의 영향을 뇌파측정을 통하여 정량적으로 알아 본 것에 의의가 있으며, 사운드디자인제작현장의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있음을 기대한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1399-1406
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• 2008

이 연구는 바둑 학습 아동들의 뇌 기능과 기력 향상에 뉴로피드백 훈련이 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 바둑학원 원생 30명(실험군 15명, 대조군 15명)을 대상으로 2007년 6월 15일부터 2007년 9월 15일 까지 실시하였다. 실험 결과는 뉴로피드백 훈련을 적용한 실험군이 주의 지수(좌)(p=.041), (우)(p=.007), 항스트레스 지수(좌)(p=.020), (우)(p=.019)에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 기력의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 기력 단계 별로 표준화되어 있는 기력 측정 문항지를 훈련 전과 훈련 후에 풀게 한 후 채점의 결과를 t-검증하였다. 뉴로피드백 훈련 전 조사에서 실험군과 대조군의 분석 결과 평균의 차이가 (p=.728)로 두 집단이 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으나 뉴로피드백 훈련 후 조사에서는 실험군과 대조군의 평균의 차이가 (p=.021)로 유의미한 차이가 났다. 뉴로피드백 훈련 후 실험군이 대조군 보다 기력이 향상되었다고 해석 할 수 있겠다.