• 품질경영학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2007

ANOVA is widely, used for measurement system analysis. It assumes that the measurement error is normally distributed, which nay not be seen in some industrial cases. In this study the estimates of the measurement system variability and PTR (precision-to-tolerance ratio) are obtained by using weighted standard deviation for the case where the measurement error is non-normally distributed. The Standard Bootstrap method is used foy estimating confidence intervals of measurement system variability and PTR. The point and confidence interval estimates for the cases with normally distributed measurement error are compared to those with non-normally distributed measurement errors through computer simulation.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.369-372
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• 2012

대사성 골 질환인 골다공증(Osteoporosis)의 조기 진단을 위한 골 밀도를 측정하는 방법이 최근 연구되고 있다. 골 밀도 영상은 이중 에너지 X 선 흡수법에 의해 측정되는데, 영상에 존재하는 잡음은 뼈 영역 추출과 골 밀도 계산에 어려움을 주고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 최근 신호처리 분야에서 폭넓게 사용되고 있는 sparse 표현을 도입하여 X 선 영상의 잡음을 제거하는 방법을 제안한다. 실험을 통해 제안한 잡음 제거 방법의 결과가 기존의 방법에 비해 개선됨을 MSR(Mean to Standard deviation Ratio)과 CNR(Contrast to Noise Ratio)을 통해 확인하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2022

Experimentally predicting the compressive strength (CS) of concrete (for a mix design) is a time-consuming and laborious process. The present study aims to propose surrogate models based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) machine learning techniques, which can predict the CS of concrete containing nano-silica. Content of cement, aggregates, nano-silica and its fineness, water-binder ratio, and the days at which strength has to be predicted are the input variables. The efficiency of the models is compared in terms of Correlation Coefficient (CC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Variance Account For (VAF), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and RMSE to observation's standard deviation ratio (RSR). It has been observed that the SVM outperforms GPR in predicting the CS of the concrete containing nano-silica.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.38-43
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• 1996

Windowing routines have as their purpose the reduction of the sidelobes of a spectral output of the FFT or DFT routines. Windowing routines accomplish this by forcing the beginning and end of any sequence to approach each other in value. Since they must work with any sequence they force the beginning and ending samples near zero. To make up for this reduction in power, windowing routines give extra weight to the values near the middle of the sequence. The difference between windows is the way in which they transition from the low weights near the edges to the higher weights neqr the middle of the sequence. Signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) can be determined by the ratio of the output noisy signal variance to the input noisy signal variance of a window. Standard deviation of noise is reduced by windowing. Thus, the windowing operation improved the SNR of the noisy signal. This paper shows a performance estimation of windowing on a single tone with added Gaussian noise and uniform noise.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2003

MEMS(미소전기기계시스템) 박막의 푸와송비 측정을 위한 미소굽힙기법이 제안되었다. 푸와송비 측정에 민감한 쌍원시편(두 개의 원모양)을 설계하고 표면미세가공 공정을 사용하여 제작하였다. 미소압입기로 하중을 가한 쌍원시편의 하중-변위 곡선을 분석하여 푸와송비를 측정할 수 있었다. 제안도니 미소굽힘기법은 표면미세가공에 적합하여 소자제작과정에서의 동시측정이 가능하고(in-situ measurement), 소자가 위치해 있는 작은 영영에서의 물성을 국부적으로 측정할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 제안된 기법을 검증하기 위하여 저압화학기상증착법에 의하여 증착된 2.3㎛ 다결정실리콘(Poly-silicon)의 푸와송비를 측정하였다. 실험에 사용된 다결정실리콘막의 푸와송비는 0.2569 이고 쌍원시편의 강성에 대한 측정표준편차는 2.66% 이었다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the position changes with tilt table on autonomic nervous system using heart rate variability analysis. METHODS: Fourty healthy adult males volunteered in this study. The low frequency, high frequency and low frequency/high frequency ratio and mean heart rate, standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals, root mean square of successive differences, heart rate variability index were measured at the tilt table angle of $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ with pulsoximeter. Data were analyzed one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test. RESULTS: The mean heart rate, low frequency and low frequency/high frequency ratio increased significantly at higher angle of tilt table(p<.05). The root mean square of successive differences, heart rate variability index decreased significantly at lower angle of tilt table(p<.05). The standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals, high frequency decreased at higher angle of tilt table did not show significant difference. CONCLUSION: The symphathetic activity increased significantly at higher angle of tilt table. The parasymphathetic activity decreased at higher angle of tilt table, but the difference were not significant. The autonomic adaptation, balance and heart rate variability decreased significantly at higher angle of tilt table. Based on these results, in the treatment of patients with a change in posture precedence should be carefully treated. Further studies are necessary to determine the most safety and effective methods.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2003

Four thermo-tolerant lines of silkworm, Bombyx mori, (L.) viz., A HT, B HT (Chinese type) and F HT, G HT (Japanese type) were evolved by utilizing the breeding resource material (identified from initial screening at a temperature of 31 ${\pm} 1^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity 85 ${\pm}$ 5%) through conventional breeding. These tolerant lines were crossed with productive breeds and forty four hybrids were evaluated on eight economic traits by the Multiple Trait Evaluation Index Method. Ten hybrids were short-listed based on the average evaluation index value larger than 50 for eight economic traits studied. The identified ten hybrids recorded higher index values (＞ 50) for most of the traits studied. Single hybrid G ${\times}$ CSR12 indicated average index value larger than 50 for six traits viz., pupation number (58), cocoon weight (67), shell weight (65), average filament length (74), raw silk % (69), reelability % (51) except for shell ratio % (41). The standard deviation of the cocoons in the above hybrid was 8.41 in the hybrid cocoon length and width measurement. However, two selected hybrids viz., A ${\times}$ CSR5 and G ${\times}$ CSR13 recorded average index value larger than 50 for all the traits viz., pupation number (57, 60), cocoon weight (50, 54), shell weight (56, 57), shell ratio percentage (59, 53), average filament length (55, 60), raw silk percentage (63, 67) and reelability percentage (53, 53). The standard deviation of the cocoons in the two selected hybrids viz., A ${\times}$ CSR5 and G ${\times}$ CSR13 was 8.41 and 8.06 respectively in the cocoon length and width measurement.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.815-820
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• 2005

ZnO varistor ceramics were fabricated with variation of addition of glass-frit amount and the sintering temperature was $1100^{\circ}C$. The average grain sizes were showed increased from $8.6{\mu}m\;to\;10{\mu}m$, and varistor voltages were decreased from 506V to 460V by added amount of glass-frit. Nonlinear coefficient $\alpha$, of all were with increasing the amount of glass-frit more than 70, in case of added on $0.03wt\%$ glass-frit was 83. And leakage current were less than $1{\mu}A$ with applied at $82\%$ of varistor voltage. The clamping voltage ratio of the specimens added $0.03wt\%$ glass-frit was 1.41 at applied 25A $[8/20\;{\mu}s]$. In the specimen added $0.03wt\%$ glass-frit, endurance of surge current and deviation of varistor voltage were $6200A/cm^2,\;\Delta-1.67\%$, respectively and clamping voltage ratio was 2.33. In the Specimen added $0.03wt\%$ glass-frit were superior to any other compositions on High Temperature Load Test(HTLT) for 1000 hr at $85^{\circ}C$, and deviation of the varistor voltage were $\Delta-1.29\%$.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.759-772
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• 1994

Orthodontists have experienced the treatment of cases with three lower incisors. Occasionally a lower incisor was either congenitally missing or so seriously damaged by injury or disease that its removal presented the best prospect for the patient. Sometimes the intentional extraction of a lower incisor is needed to produce enhanced functional and esthetic results with minimal orthodontic manipulation. Such cases have unfavorable anterior tooth size discrepancies and present difficulties in achieving good occlusal results. However such difficulties can be overcome by the sensible diagnosis and treatment plan. Three different cases are presented and the conclusions are listed. 1. It is important for orthodontist who tries to treat three lower incisor cases to measure and calculate accurately the degree of deviation of tooth size and morphology and the anterior tooth size ratio. 2. A diagnostic setup model should be made to determine whether the incisor extraction is appropriate and space closure is needed or not. It is the best way to be sure that the occlusal results, including overbite and overjet, will be acceptable and how far the degree of midline deviation is. It also shows the amount of interproximal reduction to achieve an acceptable occlusal result. 3. The class I relationship between the upper canine and the lower one must be obtained to establish the canine rise during eccentric movement by the concept of mutually protective occlusion. It also helps to maintain the stable occlusal result.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.422-428
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• 2009

플래시 메모리는 부피가 작고, 가볍고, 소비전력이 낮으며 입출력이 빨라 최근 소형기기의 저장 장치로 널리 사용이 되고 있다. 그러나 플래시 메모리는 지움 연산을 수반하는 가비지 컬렉션을 수행해야 한다. 지움 연산은 속도가 느리고, 각 블록마다 지움 연산 횟수가 제한이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 지움 연산 횟수와 각 블록의 지움 횟수 편차를 줄이는데 초점을 맞춘 균등화 정책을 제안한다. 따라서 플래시 메모리의 페이지 사용률에 기반을 둔 두 가지 가비지 컬렉션 수행 모드를 정의하고 그리고 각 모드에 대해 다른 지움 비용을 계산하여 전체 지움 연산 횟수와 각 블록의 지움 횟수 편차를 최소화하는 가비지 컬렉션 기법을 제안한다. 추가로 가비지 컬렉션 연산 시간을 최소화하기 위해 그룹 관리 기법을 제안해 보다 빠른 수행 시간을 가질 수 있도록 한다. 실험 결과 제안하는 정책은 기존의 Greedy 와 CAT 기법의 장점들을 동시에 나타내었고, 지움 횟수 편차를 평균 85% 감소 시켰고 가비지 컬렉션 수행 시간을 최대 6% 단축 시켰다