• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the discriminant validity and the clinical cut off scores of the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL 1.5-5) in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and non-ASD. Methods: In total, 104 ASD and 441 non-ASD infants were included in the study. T-test, discriminant analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and odds ratio analysis were performed on the data. Results: The discriminant validity was confirmed by mean differences and discriminant analysis on the subscales of Emotionally reactive, Somatic complaints, Withdrawn, Sleep problems, Attention problems, Aggressive behavior, Internalizing problems, Externalizing problems, and Total problems, along with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-oriented scales between the two groups. ROC analysis showed that the following subscales significantly separated ASD from normal infants: Emotionally reactive, Somatic complaints, Withdrawn, Sleep problems, Attention problems, Aggressive behavior, Internalizing problems, Externalizing problems, Total problems, and DSM pervasive developmental problems. Moreover, the clinical cut off score criteria adopted in the Korean-CBCL 1.5-5 were shown to be valid for the subscales Withdrawn, Internalizing problems, Externalizing problems, Total problems, and DSM pervasive developmental problems. Conclusion: The subscales of Withdrawn, Internalizing problems, Externalizing problems, Total problems, and DSM pervasive developmental problems significantly discriminated infants with ASD.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.817-821
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2021

Objectives: Among the many intervention programs for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) is one of the few approaches that has succeeded in demonstrating clinical efficacy in randomized control trials. Here, we investigate the clinical efficacy of ESDM intervention in young children with ASD in a community setting within Japan. Methods: All subjects were children with ASD who received ESDM intervention during the study period. Each ESDM session lasted 75 min and occurred once per week for at least 12 weeks. The outcome measures consisted of the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development (K-test), Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Japanese version (ABC-J), and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S). Results: Twenty-seven subjects (29.4±6.4 months old) received ESDM intervention that lasted for 8.0±2.6 months on average. The score on Language and Social developmental quotient on the K-test increased significantly after the intervention. The total scores on the ABC-J and CGI-S significantly decreased after completion of the ESDM intervention. Conclusion: Our results suggest that ESDM intervention could reduce the severity of distinct clinical features of ASD, such as impairments in social interaction and communication assessed by the K-test, and maladaptive behavior rated by the ABC-J and CGI-S. We believe that the ESDM adapted to each institution might become one of the standard options for children with ASD in Japan.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.211-228
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• 2014

The present study aims to identify the ego, marriage and parenting-related psychological characteristics of mothers of infants with developmental risk, as well as to perform comparative analysis between their psychological characteristics and those of mothers of normal infants. For this purpose, we used SPSS 21 statistical software to calculate the average and standard deviation values, and also conducted frequency analysis and t-tests. The study subjects were mothers of 1584 normal infants and 186 infants with developmental risk, who were classified by Korean Denver II developmental screening test from a total of 1802 families listed in the 3rd year data from the Panel Study on Korean Children in 2010. Our results revealed a significant difference in the martial satisfaction and husbands' parenting participation between two groups, among the marriage-related psychological characteristics. There was also a significant difference in the parenting knowledge, style and stress among the parenting-related psychological characteristics. However, a statistically significant difference was not observed in the ego-related psychological characteristics of mothers. These results are thought to serve as baseline data for the infants with developmental risk at the precautionary level.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2010

The present study was conducted to obtain information on the effects of amitraz on reproductive and developmental parameters in rats. The test chemical was administered via the drinking water containing 0, 40, 120, and 360 ppm to male rats from 2 weeks before mating to the end of 14-day mating period and to females from 2 weeks before mating, throughout mating, gestation and up to lactational day 4. During the study period, clinical signs, body weights, food intake, organ weights, reproductive and littering findings, necropsy findings, sperm parameters, and histopathology were examined. At 360 ppm, decreases in the body weight gain, food consumption, and the number of live pups and an increase in the post-implantation loss were observed. In addition, decreases in the seminal vesicle weight and sperm motility were found in males. At 120 ppm, a decrease in the food consumption was found transiently in both males and females, but no reproductive and developmental toxicity was observed in both sexes. There were no signs of either general or reproductive and developmental toxicity in the 40 ppm group. Based on these results, it was concluded that the repeated oral administration of amitraz to rats resulted in a decrease in the food consumption at 120 ppm and decreases in the seminal vesicle weight, sperm motility, and the number of live pups and an increase in the post-implantation loss at 360 ppm in rats. Under these experimental conditions, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of amitraz for general and reproduction/developmental toxicity was believed to be 120 ppm, and the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) of amitraz was believed to be 40 ppm in rats.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2024

Objective : This study aimed to determine the impact of an instrumental daily living activity program for adults with developmental disabilities on their daily living activities and quality of life (QOL). Methods : This study used a single-group pre-test-post-test experimental design. Participants comprised 17 adults with developmental disabilities from the Welfare Center for the Disabled. This program consisted of 10 sessions, including pre- and post-assessments, pertaining to training and education on grocery shopping, meal preparation and cleaning, home management, safety, and emergency management. The evaluation tools used in this study were the Quality of Life Questionnaire, Korean version of the Life Space Assessment (K-LSA), and Korean version of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL). Results : There was a statistically significant difference in the QOL and K-IADL scores before and after the instrumental activities of daily living occupational therapy program, and there was no statistically significant difference in the K-LSA scores. Conclusion : This study confirmed that implementing an IADL program for adults with developmental disabilities had a positive impact on performance and QOL. For adults with developmental disabilities to participate in daily life and society, interventions for work participation, including training in activities of daily living, must be expanded.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of task-oriented approach based on upper limb coordinated movement on the ability of the Korean handwriting in children with developmental coordination disorder(DCD). Methods/Design : This randomized controlled trial designed as a pre-/post- test will compare the effectiveness of task-oriented approach and process-oriented approach on handwriting performance for children with DCD aged 5 to 10. These interventions consist of 10 training sessions and 4 assessment sessions over 7weeks. Children will be measured regard to handwriting legibility, speed and pre-handwriting skills including upper limb movement skills, visual perception and visual motor coordination. Conclusion : This is the first attempt to investigate effects of a task-oriented approach in children with DCD. The significance of this study is to provide the clinical evidences to apply the task-oriented approach improves the children's handwriting performance. Furthermore it will also present a more effective intervention for handwriting by figuring out each approach's impact on the improvement of pre-handwriting skills.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2009

Objective : Purpose of this study is to study how Sensory Integration (SI) Intervention Program affect body-scheme and praxis ability of children with Developmental Disability (DD). Method : The SI intervention was programmed based on the theory of SI by Jean Ayres. Thirty children with DD underwent the SI program for six weeks. The effect of the SI intervention was evaluated in terms of body-scheme and praxis ability. Assessments used in this study are One-Point Imitation Test (OPIT) and 6 Body Puzzle Test (6BPT) for body-scheme; Praxis Test Sheet (PTS) for linguistic order, oral motor control, sequential praxis and Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) for postural praxis. Data of this study was analyzed by the paired t-test to compare before- and after the SI intervention. Results : Results of this study are (1) in the OPIT, there is significant difference on body-scheme ability (p<0.01); (2) in the PTS, there is significant difference on all three items (p<0.01); and (3) in the SIPT, there is significant difference on sensory integration and praxis function. Conclusions : From the results, it is concluded that sensory integration intervention is effective on body-scheme and praxis functions for children with developmental disability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.232-242
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a Korean version of the pediatric functional muscle test (K-PFMT) for children with motor developmental disorders, and to verify its reliability and validity. Methods: The subjects were 40 children, aged below 5 years. Each was scored on the K-PFMT by 14 physical therapists to determine inter-rater reliability and internal consistency. Additionally, 3 of the 14 therapists tested 20 children again one or two weeks later to determine test-retest reliability. The internal consistency was calculated by Cronbach's alpha. The inter-rater and test-retest reliability were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). One-way ANOVA and the paired t-test were used to compare differences among the three evaluator groups and between the test and retest group. Concurrent validity was evaluated by Pearson's correlation with a total score of GMFM. Results: Chronbach's alpha was over 0.98 for each test item and 0.99 for the total items. There was no significant differences in the score of K-PFMT among the three evaluator groups except for a few items. The test-retest ICC was from 0.89 to 1.00 and from 0.82 to 1.00, respectively. There was no significant difference between the test and retest group, except for a few items. There were high significant correlations between K-PFMT and GMFM. Conclusion: This study showed that a K-PFMT with relatively high reliability and validity was successfully developed. The K-PFMT will be a useful tool for measurement of muscle strength of children with motor developmental disorder.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-25
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• 1989

The purpose of the present research was to study developmental trends in and relationships between recall, organizational strategy, and metamemory in young children. The subjects were 84 children, 14 boys and 14 girls at each age level, 4, 6, and 8. Two tasks (memory task & metamemory task) were used to assess children's recall, organizational strategy, and metamemory based on Sodian et al.(1986). All subjects were randomly assigned either to the play-and-remember condition or to the sort-and-remember condition. The two tasks were administered to children individually with the memory task followed by the metamemory task. The data were analysed by the statistical methods of two-way ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Kendall's Tau. Children's recall (free, conceptually-cued, and perceptually-cued) level increased with age. There were significant experimental condition differences in free recall and conceptually-cued recall, but not in perceptually-cued recall. Children's organizational strategy showed differential developmental trends by experimental condition. Use of conceptual strategy at both encoding and retrieval increased with age in both experimental conditions. Use of perceptual strategy (PS) at encoding showed an inverted-U age effect in the play-and-remember condition, but PS decreased linearly with age in the sort-and-remember condition. There were significant age differences in metamemory, and there were significant correlations between recall and organizational strategy.