• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

The variable control in the inductive inference for the confirmation and verification when the experimental data are collected is studied by applying the principle of probability inference. The control in engineering experiments is to protect any effect by of intervening variable except primary independent variable on the dependent variable. By the special condition the possibility for developing a phenomenon will be maximized; otherwise, by the extraneous condition the possibility for developing a phenomenon will be minimized. By doing so, the control may provide insurance for the causal relationship between the certain prior event (independent variable) and the post-event (the dependent variable). Some experiments by using both elliptical trainer and tread mill under the variable control are performed in order to find the relations between the energy expenditure, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and the heart rate (HR) against the exercise speed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.395-404
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• 2012

The categorization of libraries into several types supports an understanding of the concept of library and also provides a framework for the practice of library management, such as planning and management. Although a 4-type categorization with public, academic, special, and school libraries is the most traditional and general approach to categorization, the definition of each type has been set enumeratively and inductively, so that it has weaknesses in its clarity between categories and in its applicability to a new environment. In this conceptual paper, deductive and analytical criteria for the 4-type categorization are suggested based on characteristics of information needs. Implications of the suggestions about library management, and especially, the meaning and impact of stakeholders on library management are discussed. Additionally, this paper attempts to put forth a conceptual link between library and information.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-61
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to confirm constructivists' assumption that when a little low level learners are taken in learner-centered instruction based on a constructivism they can also construct knowledge by themselves. To achieve this purpose, the researchers compare the effects of learner-centered instruction based on the constructivism and teacher-centered instruction based on the objective epistemology where second graders learn multiplication facts through the each treatment on learners' reasoning ability and achievement. Some conclusions are drawn from results as follows. First, learner-centered instruction based on a constructivism has significant effect on learners' reasoning ability. Second, learner-centered instruction has slightly positive effect on learners' deductive reasoning ability. Third, learner-centered instruction has more an positive influence on understanding concepts and principles of not-presented mathematical knowledge than teacher-centered instruction when implementing it with a little low level learners.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.345-366
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• 2006

In this study, we investigated the methods of using the Cabri3D program for education of problem solving in school mathematics. Cabri3D is the program that can represent 3-dimensional figures and explore these in dynamic method. By using this program, we can see mathematical relations in space or mathematical properties in 3-dimensional figures vidually. We conducted classroom activity exploring Cabri3D with 15 pre-service leachers in 2006. In this process, we collected practical examples that can assist four stages of problem solving. Through the analysis of these examples, we concluded that Cabri3D is useful instrument to enhance problem solving ability and suggested it's educational usage as follows. In the stage of understanding the problem, it can be used to serve visual understanding and intuitive belief on the meaning of the problem, mathematical relations or properties in 3-dimensional figures. In the stage of devising a plan, it can be used to extend students's 2-dimensional thinking to 3-dimensional thinking by analogy. In the stage of carrying out the plan, it can be used to help the process to lead deductive thinking. In the stage of looking back at the work, it can be used to assist the process applying present work's result or method to another problem, checking the work, new problem posing.

• School Mathematics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.99-117
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• 2007

In this paper it is discussed how children develop their logical reasoning beyond difficulties in the process of making sense of division with decimals in the classroom setting. When we consider the gap between mathematics at elementary and secondary levels, and given the logical nature of mathematics at the latter levels, it can be seen as important that the aspects of children's logical development in the upper grades in elementary school should be clarified. This study focuses on the teaching and learning of division with decimals in a 5th grade classroom, because it is well known to be difficult for children to understand the meaning of division with decimals. It is suggested that children begin to conceive division as the relationship between the equivalent expressions at the hypothetical-deductive level detached from the concrete one, and that children's explanation based on a reversibility of reciprocity are effective in overcoming the difficulties related to division with decimals. It enables children to conceive multiplication and division as a system of operations.

• School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.331-355
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• 2012

All the method used in teaching the ellipse was to have students draw the points which have the same sum of distances from the two points so that they can confirm the shapes of the ellipse before showing them the definition of ellipse. In this process, students would not get an opportunity to think or make the definition of ellipse for themselves. This deductive way can hinder students from having clear understanding of why such definition was made. This paper introduces a method of defining the ellipse based on the similarity between a circle and an ellipse, leading into the equation. This method is possible by introducing Analytic Geometry taught in current school mathematics and Transformation Geometry. By doing so, this paper will discuss a fundamental understanding about the ellipse and the feature of the ellipse expandable by intuition. Furthermore this paper will also show various advantages which can be given by defining the ellipse in Transformation Geometry.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.585-604
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• 2013

This study is based on the problem that most middle school students cannot recognize the generality of geometrical theorems even after having proved them. By considering this problem from the point of view of empirical verification, the particularity of geometrical representations, and the role of geometrical variables, we suggest that some experiences in dynamic geometry environment (DGE) can help students to recognize the generality of geometrical theorems. That is, this study aims to observe students' cognitive changes related to their recognition of the generality and to provide some educational implications by making students experience some geometrical explorations in DGE. To do so, we selected three middle school students who couldn't recognize the generality of geometrical theorems although they completed their own proofs for the theorems. We provided them exploratory activities in DGE, and observed and analyzed their cognitive changes. Based on this analysis, we discussed the effects of DGE on studensts' recognition of the generality of geometrical theorems.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.266-271
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• 1991

Probably herbivorous fishes were visibility main body as aquatic substantial production in offshore and adjacent sea. It is a major problem to estimation of energy conversion rate by hervivores from primary production when to be measurement for potential productivity of herbivores as above meaning according to deductive method. This was deal with review of I index, with mean transfer efficiency from food in seawater to food in gut be eaten by a particular species. Yet $K_i$ was not settled with an established theory. In this review coefficients of food selection or electivity indices suggested by two Russian biologists, Ivlev and Sorygin, (r-p) /(r+p) and (r/p) were understand unsuitable to use with the transfer efficiency $K_i$. But CCOS that is one of community resemblance chord is suggested to be possible with someone a treatment, as (CCOS)$\times$(Filtering rate).

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to discover the nature from the life experience of a person with unilateral acquired blindness and his/her family after losing the eyesight and adapting in the environment and to find the meaning of life and how to solve the problem in psychosocial aspect. Methods: This study uses one of the qualitative research methods which explains how families with the unilateral acquired blind perceive blindness after experiencing it and observes how they signify it. starts with interest in lifestyles of individuals and their families and tries to understand the subjective existences of participants in accessible ways and draw the experiences after becoming one-side blind. It cyclically uses deductive verification process through inductive method and establishing hypothesis using materials. Results: According to the results of this study, unilateral acquired blindness studies, due to shattered life, they did not know what to do. Also, discomfort from struggling in a big tunnel and even will to live were found. trying to go out to the world, seeing the new world, and trying to encourage myself, strong attachment to life was shown to by saying, appeared. Each includes sub-topics such as feeling abandoned after confirmed the blindness, feeling disappointed to doctors, family, and friends, trying to live with hope, struggling in a tunnel with thinking how to live, closing the mind from the world, seeing outside the world in the midst of struggling, trying to forget the past with the will of life, having hope to live with care of family, and trying to keep the rest vision. Conclusion: Firstly, in nursing aspect for their adaptation, programs for disable people and nursing intervention focused on their families should be developed. Secondly, since it can be economic and psychological burden for their families and acquaintances, it is necessary to support the blind so that they can find fitted rehabilitation programs and come back to society. Thirdly, active participation of health care providers may influence social interest the improvement of national welfare policy for the unilateral acquired blind.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.657-682
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• 2004

The method of finding the laws in the common law countries is significantly different from that in French civil code countries. The former usually derives the laws from the previous court decisions and applies the derived rules to the current case, called inductive, while the latter prescribes the laws beforehand and then applies the prescribed rule to the current case, called deductive. Such dichotomy in comparative legal research seems to be most recognizable and common. Accordingly, the mainstream of comparative legal research would come from comparison of common laws with civil codes. (omitted)