• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.934-942
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• 2011

This study was intended to analyze conventional grading increments and methods for middle-age men's pants, and to suggest new grading guidelines that will enable to improve satisfaction with size and silhouette as a result of combining the concept of grading, which help maintain the ratio and proportion by sizes as one of ready-made apparel's advantages, with body form oriented and aesthetic approaches. In the apparel industry, the current sizing specifications and methods adopted by relevant companies, as well as the characteristics of body forms of men aged 35 to 55 years were comparatively analyzed to find out problems and ultimately to suggest their solutions or improvements. It was considered that as the conventional grading practices used in the industry were customary on the basis of the past experiences, it was required to take the body forms of target consumers into account and also, to reconsider the conventional grading methods. Analyses of sizing and specifications by brands show that 4 to 19 sizes including 82 or 84 as standard size have been produced. Since men's apparel has a large number of sizes with the large range of sizes, grading is critically important. As silhouettes depend on the distribution of grading rule values at each point of increment pattern in the main regions during grading, it is necessary to consider both size grading and form variations. To maintain an appropriate silhouette with keeping the angle of center back line of a pattern, it is desirable to set the ratio of side line part to center part from the crease line to approximately 3:7. It is required to diversify the values of grading rules according to different sizes and pattern regions in consideration for the body forms of key consumers. In addition, if the natural lines of designs and patterns for the width increments of waist circumference and hip circumference, the increments of hip width in pant's front and back panels, the ratio of grading rule values of the right and left sides of crease line, knee circumference, thigh circumference and so on are taken into account, grading will be satisfactory in the all aspects of size, silhouette and ratio.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.67-73
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• 2020

The paper examines the influence of internal factors and external factors on liquidity of Vietnamese listed enterprises. The study uses robust regression techniques in the fixed effects linear panel data using data collected from companies listing on the stock market in Vietnam during 2008-2019, with a total of 6,700 observations. Liquidity of Vietnamese listed enterprises is measured by current assets to current liabilities, whereas firm size, capital adequacy, profitability, leverage are used as internal determinants. Further, economic activity, inflation rate, exchange rate, and interest rate are the external factors which are considered. The research results indicate that capital adequacy, return on equity, leverage, economic activity have a positive effect on firm's liquidity, whereas return on assets and exchange rate have a negative effect on firm's liquidity and firm size, inflation rate and lending rate have no correlation with firm's liquidity. Based on the research results, the author suggests that the firms should have optimum current ratio by balancing the current assets and current liabilities in order to avoid a situation of high liquidity or low liquidity. This research seeks to bridge a gap which is present in the body of literature on listed enterprise's liquidity in Vietnam. The findings may be useful for financial managers, investors, and financial management consultants.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.726-736
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• 2015

The apparel industry has recently been recognizing the important target market of middle-aged women. The aim of this study was to examine the anthropometric characteristics of US women of 46 to 65 years of age and identify distinctive body shape characteristics of US middle-aged women. A total of 1915 middle-aged women whose ages ranged from 46 to 65 were selected from the SizeUSA database. The age range was divided into two groups: 46-55 and 56-65. Twenty-four body measurements important for apparel development were chosen. Four factors-Girth Factor, Height Factor, Hip Drop Factor, and Bust Drop Factor-accounted for the US middle-aged women's body measurements. The body shapes were classified into four body shapes, which were Y-Shape in the overweight range, S-Shape in the overweight range, H-Shape in the overweight range, and the A-Shape in obese range. H-Shape, which was the least-defined waist in relation to the bust and hips with a short height, existed more in older middle-aged women than in younger middle-aged women. Y-Shape, S-Shape, and A-Shape existed more in the group of younger middle-aged women than in the group of older middle-aged women. In addition, compared with the younger middle-aged women, older middle-aged women had narrower shoulders, a larger waist, thinner legs, and a longer distance between side neck to bust point. The findings from the current study may be applied in the apparel industry for developing clothing sizing systems for US middle-aged women.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.209-217
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• 2011

In recent days, while taller and more massive structures such as huge bridges and super skyscrapers have been welcomed, the structural stabilization in design and construction have been gradually limited due to the major weakness of current concrete which is relatively heavier when compared with its strength. To improve the weakness of the current concrete, The lightweight concrete with light weight and high strength should be used; however, not many researchers in Korea have studied on the lightweight concrete. Generally, artificial lightweight aggregate produced through high-temperature-plasticization has a possibility of its body-expansion with many bubbles. Therefore, depending on the size of aggregate, the effects of bubbles on the specific weight and strength of the lightweight concrete should be studied. In this study, considering grain-size, the mix design of the artificial lightweight aggregate produced through the high-temperature-plasticization and the body-expansion of waste and clay from the fire power plant in Korea was conducted. The experiment to analyze the variation in specific weight and strength of the lightweight concrete was followed. From these experiments, the optimized grain-size ratio of the artificial lightweight aggregate for the enhancement of high-strength from the lightweight concrete was revealed.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.249-255
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• 1996

A self-aligned latch-up suppressed IGBT has been proposed and the process method and the device characteristics of the IGBT have been verified by numerical simulation. As the source is laterally diffused through the sidewall of the trench in the middle of the body, the size of the source is small and the doping concentration of the source is lower than that of the p++ body and the emitter efficiency of the parasitic npn transistor is low so that latch-up may be suppressed. No additional mask steps for p++ region, source, and source contact are required so that small sized body can be obtained Latch-u current density higher than 10000 A/cm$^{2}$ have been achieved by adjusting the process conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.95-109
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• 2013

This thesis was conducted with the purpose of proposing a systematic and comprehensive system for women's upper garment sizes so that the satisfaction level of women purchasing the upper garment products in Internet shopping malls is enhanced. To achieve this, this study first conducted a survey of women from the ages of 18 to 39 and attempted to discover consumer satisfaction levels and preferences of the clothing product sizing system of Internet shopping malls. While keeping track of the global distribution environment, an optimal clothing sizing system for Korean women that fit recent changes in their body shapes was proposed. The results of this study are as follows. First, A result of studying the satisfaction levels and preferences of consumer's purchase experience and the sizing system showed that 48.6% of the total respondents were dissatisfied with the current sizing system. Second, based on the research of the size classification system of domestic and foreign upper garment for women, unlike domestic Internet shopping malls, overseas generally offer several size classifications. Third, results of studies 1 and 2 was used to propose an optimal clothing products sizing system method. Also, the body and product sizes and the measurement methods should be offered together. In summary of all these results, by establishing globally compatible sizing system, consumers are able to recognize their sizes on their own and by doing this, it will lower perceived risk of the consumers at the time of a Internet shopping mall purchase, and this will raise their level of satisfaction while making purchases.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2003

This study is to figure out where the current satisfaction with ready-to-wear clothes based on middle-aged women's body shapes is at and to propose basic considerations in its production for coming up with a better sizing system to maximize customer's satisfaction. The data obtained from measurement and questionnaire by 126 middle- aged (35-59) women which were located in Gwangju. Followings are summary of this research, 1)The satisfaction level with lower -wear is relatively lower-wear than that of upper-wear in most parts of body. 2) The results by way of putting score show three different groups. Group 1 has characteristics of front body silhouette in the small ratio of shoulder width/bust width, shoulder width/waist width and big ratio of shoulder width/hip width. And Group 3 has characteristics of front silhouette, small ratio of hip girth/thigh girth. Group 2 has a standard shape. 3) The satisfaction level with lower-wear based on middle-aged women's body shapes shows slight difference. In this category, Group 2 has higher satisfaction level than that of Group 1, while Group 1 has better shape than Group 3. 4) The items of clothes which should be considered current less satisfaction on their size and pattern are skirt and pants. In the meantime, specific body parts for the same criteria are hip girth, thigh girth. And the 43.7% of middle-aged women who responded to this study requires improvement on the fit of lower-wear.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.203-215
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate current garment sizes of women's formal jackets, targeting plus-size women in online shopping malls, and to identify effective size information involved in online apparel purchase behaviors to overcome the short comings of current garment sizes from the perspectives of consumers. Basic 88 size formal jackets from the seven companies found on the 22 websites were collected and analyzed. The data were collected from March to October 2007, and analyzed using SPSS 14.0. The results were summarized as follows. First, there was no website using standard garment size labeling with 'bust-hip-height' set up by KS K 0051 among the 22 websites. Instead, all 22 websites used garment size labeling with figures such as 88, 99, 100, 110, and 120 or with letters such as L, XL, and XXL. The websites presented no body size, but listed garment size. Furthermore, the size information was presented differently, ranging from three items of bust circumference, upper arm length, and jacket length to six items of shoulder width, bust circumference, waist circumference, sleeve width, sleeve length, and jacket length. In addition, no website presented basic information for hip circumference, despite the jacket length covering the hips. Second, a total of 85.7% the websites listed bust circumferences in 88 garment sizes collected as 100cm. Shoulder widths were presented as 39cm or 37cm. Sleeve circumferences were addressed the same, 36cm, in all websites. Third, comparing the differences between guidance sizes and measurement sizes, only 28.5% of the web sites posted guidance sizes of shoulder widths the same as those of the measurement sizes. All web sites presented guidance sizes of bust circumstances as 1 to 5cm smaller than those of the measurement sizes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.15-27
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• 2002

To set the measurements of bras for women in their 20s, considering the comfortableness in wearing and tightness, this paper conducted a questionnaire survey concerning breasts and bras as well as measurements of body and contact surface pressure. Easier and more accurate method of determining cup sizes based on the breast circumference is recommended to make up for the problem of current bra size system that can falsely measure cup sizes. Lower chest circumference was set at 5 cm equal intervals, and the breast circumference applicable to the cup size was set starting from the standard, 18 cm (A-cup), at 2 cm equal intervals, which gave the best coverage (88.1%).

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.546-550
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• 2014

In this research, we report all the elements are placed in the space above the patient table as a transmit coil to give optimized B1+ field for the body object. Through the simulations, we compared upper-and-lower parts combined 8 channel Tx array to upper only 8 channel Tx array and showed the utilities of B1+ shimming in multi-channel Tx body imaging at 3T. Half-cylinder shaped upper array shows weak B1+ field area around back of patient without B1+ shimming. After B1+ shimming, highly induced SAR places occurred in the arm region due to the close distance to the both end elements which were driven by very high RF current to enhance B1+ in back area. The proposed upper and lower combined array provides an enhanced homogeneous B1+ field in large ROI imaging as a result of shimming over the body size phantom. Through this research we proved the usefulness of the proposed insertional upper and lower parts combined transmit array for 3T body imaging.