• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.346-350
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• 2023

국제민간항공기구(ICAO)는 항공 안전을 위하여 안전관리시스템을 항공 분야에 도입하게 되었으며, 안전관리시스템과 국가안전프로그램의 이행을 의무화하였다. 항공사의 안전관리 시스템의 활성화는 조직 구성원들에게 단순히 필요한 규정을 만들고 그것을 지킬 것을 요구하는 차원이 아니라 비행안전을 도모하고 이를 향상하고자 하는 안전문화가 실질적으로 조직 내에 정착되어야 가능하다. 따라서 항공사의 안전문화는 안전 성과에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 안전관리시스템의 주요한 핵심변수로 작용한다. 본 연구는 설문의 기초자료였던 유럽 조종사 안전문화의 인식도에서 나타난 자료와 국내 운항승무원의 안전문화 인식도에 대한 통계수치를 비교하여 두 집단 간의 안전문화에 대한 인식도의 차이점을 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 바탕으로 국내 항공사 안전문화에 대한 성과를 높이는 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.56-60
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• 1997

The study of human erroneous actions has traditionally taken place along two different lines of approach. One has been concerned with finding and explaining the causes of erroneous actions, such as studies in the psychology of "error". The other has been concerned with the qualitative and quantitative prediction of possible erroneous actions, exemplified by the field of human reliability analysis (HRA). Another distinction is also that the former approach has been dominated by an academic point of view, hence emphasising theories, models, and experiments, while the latter has been of a more pragmatic nature, hence putting greater emphasis on data and methods. We have been developing a method to make predictions about error modes. The input to the method is a detailed task description of a set of scenarios for an experiment. This description is then analysed to characterise thd nature of the individual task steps, as well as the conditions under which they must be carried out. The task steps are expressed in terms of a predefined set of cognitive activity types. Following that each task step is examined in terms of a systematic classification of possible error modes and the likely error modes are identified. This effectively constitutes a qualitative analysis of the possibilities for erroneous action in a given task. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the predictions, the data from a large scale experiment were analysed. The experiment used the full-scale nuclear power plant simulator in the Halden Man-Machine Systems Laboratory (HAMMLAB) and used six crews of systematic performance observations by experts using a pre-defined task description, as well as audio and video recordings. The purpose of the analysis was to determine how well the predictions matiched the actually observed performance failures. The results indicated a very acceptable rate of accuracy. The emphasis in this experiment has been to develop a practical method for qualitative performance prediction, i.e., a method that did not require too many resources or specialised human factors knowledge. If such methods are to become practical tools, it is important that they are valid, reliable, and robust.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 8th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.188-197
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• 2020

Due to hazardous working environments at complex, unstructured, and dynamic construction sites, workers frequently face potential safety and health risks throughout the construction process. In this regard, addressing safety challenges remains one of the top priorities. Construction workers' ability to identify and assess risks is acquired through training, which is one of the primary key factors to determine their safety and wellbeing in hazardous working environments. As such, safety managers constantly focus on the effectiveness of the training materials provided to the workers. However, the construction workers are considerably at greater risk of injuries and fatalities compared to the workers in other industries. In this regard, further studies are required to build up a body of knowledge on the conventional safety training approaches as well as their evaluation techniques in order to boost up the adoption by the practitioners in a widespread manner. This paper provides a systematic review of the current safety training approaches and the various techniques for measuring their effectiveness. The attributes of the current safety training methods for construction workers and their evaluation techniques are identified and analyzed. Results indicated that: 1) immersive environment-based training methods are effective than the traditional safety training methods; 2) this effectiveness can be empirically supported by evaluation strategies, but the current techniques are subjective, intrusive, and error-prone. This research offers fresh opportunities to investigate the training strategies by objectively monitoring the physiological responses of construction crews. The results of this study can be used by researchers and practitioners to identify and determine optimal safety training programs that could potentially become ubiquitous in the construction industry.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.359-366
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• 2013

Although many research efforts have been conducted to address the effect of crew members' work skills (e.g., technical and planning skills) on work performance (e.g., work duration and quality) in construction projects, the relationship between skill and performance has generated a great deal of controversy in the field of management (Inkpen and Crossan 1995). This controversy can lead to under- or over-estimations of the overall project schedule, and can make it difficult for project managers to implement appropriate managerial policies for enhancing project performance. To address this issue, the following aspects need to be considered: (a) work performances are determined not only by individual-level work skill but also by the group-level work skill affected by work team members, each member's role, and any working behavior pattern; (b) work planning has significant effects on to what extent work skill enhances performance; and (c) different types of activities in construction require different types of work, skill, and team composition. This research, therefore, develops a system dynamics (SD) model to analyze the effects of both individual-and group-level (i.e., multi-level) skill on performances by utilizing the advantages of SD in capturing a feedback process and state changes, especially in human factors (e.g., attitude, ability, and behavior). The model incorporates: (a) a multi-level skill evolution and relevant behavior development mechanism within a work group; (b) the interaction among work planning, a crew's skill-learning, skill manifestation, and performances; and (c) the different work characteristics of each activity. This model can be utilized to implement appropriate work planning (e.g., work scope and work schedule) and crew management policies (e.g., work team composition and decision of each worker's role) with an awareness of crew's skill and work performance. Understanding the different characteristics of each activity can also support project managers in applying strategic work planning and crew management for a corresponding activity, which may enhance each activity's performance, as well as the overall project performance.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2024

The Safe Operating Envelope (SOE) combined with Short-Take-Off and Vertical Landing (STOVL) performance is an essential consideration of a light aircraft carrier for design of hull shape with excellent seakeeping performance in terms of naval air operations as well as traditional naval ship missions such as Transit and Patrol (TAP), and Replenishment at Sea (RAS) and so on. A variety of procedures are systematically combined to determine SOE considering rather complicated missions associated with operation of aircraft onboard. The evaluation of take-off and landing safety missions onboard should consider wind effect on deck and severer seakeeping indices and standards compared with conventional naval ships. In order to support take-off and landing missions, various support activities of the crews are required. So, additional evaluation is needed for indicators such as MSI(Motion sickness Index) and MII(Motion Induced Interruptions), which are quantitative indicators of work ability that appear as a result of motion response. In this study, a standard procedure is developed including the seaworthiness performance indicators, standards, and evaluation procedures that should be considered during design of STOVL aircraft carrier. Analysis results are discussed in terns of air-wake on deck as well as seakeeping indices associated with design parameter changes in view of conceptual design of a light aircraft carrier.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.746-754
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• 2023

항공기 사고는 다른 교통수단과 비교하여 생존 확률이 낮은 것이 특징이며, 주요 원인으로 규정 위반, 의사소통 등과 같은 인적요인에 의한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 사고 예방을 위한 안전관리시스템의 활성화는 단순히 운항승무원에게 규정 준수를 강조하기보다는 스스로 안전문화의 중요성을 인식하고, 안전행동에 적극적으로 임하는 것이 중요한 핵심 변수이며, 잘 갖추어진 규정일지라도 안전문화, 안전분위기, 안전행동의 수준에 따라 그 효율성이 달라진다. 본 연구에서는 국내 운항승무원의 안전문화 인식도 조사를 통하여 안전문화가 안전행동에 미치는 상관관계를 검증하였으며, 그 결과 공정문화와 자율보고는 활성화가 미흡하여 안전행동에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 안전문화와 안전행동의 특성을 확인하여 안전관리시스템의 성과를 제고하고자 한다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2024

항공기 인터콤 장비는 조종사, 부조종사를 포함해 항공기 내의 승무원을 포함한 기내 음성 통화 기능을 수행한다. 항공기 개조 개발 사업에서 인터콤을 개발할 경우 추가되는 통신장비 또는 항전장비를 기존 인터콤과 헤드셋을 연동하도록 구성한다. 따라서 개발하는 인터콤은 항공기 헤드셋 마이크를 입력받고, 기존 인터콤에 마이크 신호를 송신하는 구성이 필요하며 일정 수준 이상의 신호품질이 요구된다. 이러한 요구사항을 만족하기 위해 마이크 신호 생성회로를 구성했으나 신호 품질이 불량하여 인터콤 설계 반영이 불가하다 판단했다. 마이크 신호 생성회로 자체의 문제를 없애기 위해 부하효과를 고려한 마이크 신호 브릿지 회로를 구성했고, 기능 및 품질 측정 결과 요구사항에 부합하였다. 본 논문은 마이크 신호 생성회로 및 브릿지 각각의 구성에 대해 제작 및 신호 품질에 대한 시험 결과를 검토한다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of emergency medical services(EMS) is to save human lives and assure the completeness of the body in emergency situations. Those who have been qualified on medical practice to perform such treatment as there is the risk of human life and possibility of major physical and mental injuries that could result from the urgency of time and invasiveness inflicted upon the body. In the emergency medical activities, 119 emergency medical technicians mainly perform the task but they are not able to perform such task independently and they are mandatory to receive medical direction. The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition and request for medical direction by 119 emergency medical technicians in order to provide basic information on the development of medical direction program suitable to the characteristics of EMS as well as for the studies on EMS for the sake of efficient operation of pre-hospital EMS. Method : Questionnaire via e-mail was conducted during July 1-31, 2010 for 675 participants who are emergency medical technicians, nurses and other emergency crews in Gyeongbuk. The effective 171 responses were used for the final analysis. In regards to the emergency medical technicians' scope of responsibilities defined in Attached Form 14, Enforcement regulations of EMS, t-test analysis was conducted by using the means and standard deviation of the level of request for medical direction on the scope of responsibilities of Level 1 & Level 2 emergency medical technicians as the scale of medical direction request. The general characteristics, experience result, the reason for necessity, emergency medical technicians & medical director request level, medical direction method, the place of work of the medical director, feedback content and improvement plan request level were analyzed through frequency and percentage. The level of experience in medical direction and necessity were analyzed through ${\chi}^2$ test. Results : In regards to the medical direction experience per qualification, the experience was the highest with 53.3% for Level 1 emergency medical technicians and 80.3% responded that experience was helpful. As for the recognition on the necessity of medical direction, 71.3% responded as "necessary" and it turned out to be the highest of 76.9% in nurses. As for the reason for responding "necessary", the reason for reducing the risk and side-effects from EMS for patients was the largest(75.4%), and the reason of EMS delay due to the request of medical direction was the highest(71.4%) for the reason for responding "not necessary". In regards to the request level of the task scope of emergency medical technicians, injection of certain amount of solution during a state of shock was the highest($3.10{\pm}.96$) for Level 1 emergency rescuers, and the endotracheal intubation was the highest($3.12{\pm}1.03$) for nurses, and the sublingual administration of nitroglycerine(NTG) during chest pain was the highest($2.62{\pm}1.02$) for Level 2 emergency medical technicians, and regulation of heartbeat using AED was the highest($2.76{\pm}.99$) for other emergency crews. For the revitalization of medical direction, the improvement in the capability of EMS(78.9%) was requested from emergency crew, and the ability to evaluate the medical state of patient was the highest(80.1%) in the level of request for medical director. The prehospital and direct medical direction was the highest(60.8%) for medical direction method, and the emergency medical facility was the highest(52.0%) for the placement of medical director, and the evaluation of appropriateness of EMS was the highest(66.1%) for the feedback content, and the reinforcement of emergency crew(emergency medical technicians) personnel was the highest(69.0%) for the improvement plan. Conclusion : The medical direction is an important policy in the prehospital EMS activity because 119 emergency medical technicians agreed the necessity of medical direction and over 80% of those who experienced medical direction said it was helpful. In addition, the simulation training program using algorithm and case study through feedback are necessary in order to enhance the technical capability of ambulance teams on the item of professional EMS with high level of request in the task scope of emergency medical technicians, and recognition of medical direction is the essence of the EMS field. In regards to revitalizing medical direction, the improvement of the task performance capability of 119 emergency medical technicians and medical directors, reinforcement of emergency medical activity personnel, assurance of trust between emergency medical technicians and the emergency physician, and search for professional operation plan of medical direction center are needed to expand the direct medical direction method for possible treatment beforehand through the participation by medical director even at the step in which emergency situation report is received.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권26호
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• pp.109-130
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• 2012

이 논문의 목적은 <마당을 나온 암탉>의 성공요인을 분석하여 한국 극장용 장편 애니메이션의 발전 방향을 모색하기 위한 것이다. 2011년 개봉한 <마당을 나온 암탉>은 1976년 76만 관객을 동원한 <로보트 태권 V> 이후 200만 관객 동원이라는 새로운 흥행 기록을 달성하며 기획력과 시나리오 부재, 하청 중심의 제작환경 등으로 지지부진하던 한국 극장용 장편 애니메이션에 성공모델을 제시하였다. 이러한 흥행 성공은 영화와 애니메이션 간의 산업적 분업이 있어 가능하였던 것으로 보인다. 분석을 위해 여러 매체의 자료들과 <마당을 나온 암탉>의 김선구 프로듀서의 심층 인터뷰를 행했다. 분석 결과, 다음의 다섯 가지 성공요인을 찾을 수 있었고 각 항목에 대한 구체적인 논증과 분석으로 논문의 본론을 구성하였다. 1.제작 방식은 상업영화와 같이 철저한 기획에 의해 시작되고 진행되었다는 것, 2.제작에 있어서도 전문적인 세부 전공에 따라 분업화된 업무 분담이 있었다는 것, 3.투자자의 성격에 따른 순차적 자본의 유치가 가능했던 점, 4. 롯데, CJ 같은 배급사를 통한 대규모 스크린 수를 확보하는 배급망이 구축됐던 점, 5.영화와 애니메이션 두 분야를 조율하는 프로듀서가 있었다는 점이 두드러진다. 이러한 분석을 바탕으로 한국 극장용 장편 애니메이션의 발전을 위해 산업적 측면과 인력양성의 측면에서 제언을 하였다. 산업적 측면에서는 투자 배급 라인을 가진 영화산업과의 과도기적 협업 혹은 연대가 필요하다고 보았다. 기획, 투자, 배급, 마케팅과 같은 산업적 접근은 실사 영화와 경쟁관계에 있는 극장용 장편 애니메이션의 성공에서 필수적이기 때문이다. 또 인력양성의 측면에서는 대학교육의 커리큘럼 제고를 제안하였다. 단시간 내에 이루어지기는 쉽지 않겠지만, 애니메이션 업계 내부에서 재능과 열정이 있는 인재 양성이 무엇보다 절실하며 가장 현실적인 방법은 애니메이션 교육현장에서 이루어져야하기 때문이다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2015

지구 온난화로 인해 북극해에 얼음이 빠르게 해빙되어 상업적 운항이 진행되고 있다. 극한의 조건에서도 북극해 항로를 개척하는 이유는 기존 항로보다 운항거리 단축되어 경제적으로 이익을 가지고 오기 때문이다. 이에 국제해사기구(IMO)에서는 북극해 항로를 안전하게 운항하기 위해 극지운항선박 안전기준(Polar Code)이 제정하였다. 본 연구에서는 북극해 안전 운항을 위해 항해사가 반드시 알아야 하는 얼음의 종류 및 극지운항선박 안전기준에 대해 설명하였다. 그리고 북극해를 운항하는 통항선의 안전 운항에 대한 이론적 지식을 시뮬레이션을 통해 검증하였다. 그 결과 안전 운항을 위해서 통항선들은 얼음 진입 전 감속을 통해 얼음을 분석하고 얼음을 안전하고 효율적으로 쇄빙하기 위해 직각으로 진입해야 함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 얼음에 진입 후 항로(lead)운항에 대하여 시뮬레이션을 실시한 결과 변침이 곤란하여 전방의 통항선에 대한 긴급상황 대처 훈련이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 향후 다양한 조건의 시나리오를 통해 면밀한 분석이 필요할 것으로 본다.