• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.489-494
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• 2013

An improved method for the preparation of monomethine cyanine dyes with quinoline nucleus by one-pot three-component using 1-methyl-2-quinolinethione, quaternized 2- or 4-methylheterocyclic compounds and methyl p-toluenesulfonate as starting materials was described. Compared with the traditional methods, the new synthetic method reduced the reaction steps, shortened the reaction time, avoided the separation and purification of the intermediate and reduced cost. The dyes absorbed in the region 478.0-563.0 nm and had molar extinction coefficients of $1.3{\times}10^4-9.4 {\times}10^4L\;mol^{-1}\;cm^{-1}$. Their fluorescence maxima and Stokes shifts were in the range of 525.2-594.4 nm and 16.2-80.6 nm in different solvents, respectively. From the spectral properties of the dyes in different solvents, it could be found that the ${\lambda}_{max}$ of the dyes were shorter in protonic solvents, and showed hypsochromic shifts with the increase of polarity of the solvents.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2019

LID(Low Impact Development) facility classified as a social infrastructure can maintain landscape sustainability and functional sustainability through continuous maintenance and management. Since LID is a natural-based solution, the sustainability can be secured through the management of weeds, wastes and vegetation. The LID facility is distributed in the city and is an infrastructure that can be managed through citizen participation because of simple maintenance. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the maintenance factors affecting the sustainability of the LID facilities and to suggest measures for maintenance by investigating the participation of the peoples. The factors for landscape sustainability were derived to waste and weed management. Also the factors for functional sustainability were assessed to identification and management of dead bodies and selection of applicable soil and plant species. The citizens showed high agreement of more than 80% in the questionnaires on expanding and managing LID facilities, enacting LID ordinances, and participating in the national movement. The intention to participate in LID management linked to jobs was about 64%, indicating that LID could become a job for the vulnerable. Maintenance of the LID can easily be carried out by non-specialists, which can lead to citizen participation with low cost for each facility. The maintenance cost for citizen participation can be allocated from the social infrastructure management cost reduced by LID application of the local government and the social welfare budget of the central government.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

The Core in Weapon system R&D is to realize the user required capabilities in limited schedule and cost. Therefore, the design of weapon system focuses to functional design for realization of requirement capabilities. However, the weapon system should not only basically bring the confidence to friendly forces bring fear to enemy forces to maximize the operational effectiveness of weapon systems and we consider the exterior design as the important factor to compete with foreign systems in international defense market besides capabilities and cost. For that reason, we made study case about the visual design decision process applied to the LVT(light tactical vehicle) project which was recent successful deployment among the many R&D projects of auto industry. Based on this case, this study suggests the necessity of the exterior design decision process the maneuver weapon system is developed.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.387-396
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• 2004

In order to keep and increase a competitive potential, industrial enterprises have to reduce their costs for product development as well as shorten lead time in product development processes. Moreover they have to respond to market factors and conditions such as increasing demands for functionality and individuality of products, short product life cycles, high pressure on prices and time to market. The improved functional requirement in connection with high time and cost pressure lead to high risk in product development. Technological fine improvements in connection with high time and cost pressure lead to high development risk. To cope with these challenges many enterprises have to collaborate globally. The collaborative engineering in product development is aimed to create distributed collaborative corporations and to facilitate the management of design conflicts. This paper provides a methodology for analyzing collaborative design process as well as the tools and the framework to support collaborative product development. The methodology can identify the interdependences among design tasks and teams. The tools and framework are implemented to facilitate the management of product development process.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2009

High oil price and biodiesel expansion lead the surplus of glycerol in the market. Glycerol has been used as a raw material itself at petroleum chemistry, paint, tobacco, household products and cosmetics in the conventional market. Recently, many research to find new applications of glycerol as a low-cost feedstock for functional derivatives have led to the introduction of a number of selective processes for converting glycerol into commercially value-added products. The recent studies on the development of new value-added glycerol derivatives will be reviewed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.164-173
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• 2001

The configuration of injection molded part can be classified into primary feature and supplementary feature. Even though supplementary features such as ribs, snap fits and bosses make mold more complicated, which cause the increasement of the mold cost, supplementary features should be attached to primary features because of assembly, reinforcement, moldability and other functional purposes. But it is not easy for novice designers to design them appropriately because of the profound knowledge related to Injection molding. In this paper, the intelligent design tool called ISFD(Intelligent Supplementary Feature Designer) which supplies easy, simple, time and cost-effective design method has been studied and developed. A knowledge-based design system is a new tool which enables the concurrent design and CIM with integrated and balanced design decisions at the initial design stage of injection molding.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.19-33
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• 2000

For the prevention of marine accidents based on human factor, the risk assessment analysis procedure is proposed which consists of (1) the structural analysis of marine accident, (2) the estimation of incidence probability based on the Fault Tree analysis, (3) the prediction of ef-fectiveness to reduced the accident risk by suitable countermeasures in the specified functional system, and (4) the risk assessment by means of minimizing of the total cost expectation and the background risk. As a practical example, the risk assessment analysis for preventing is investigated using the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.209-209
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• 2006

Ultra-fine fibers are spun by expensive fiber spinning technology using special spinnerets. Ultra-fine fibrous materials have attracted considerable attentions because of their potential applications as high performance wiping cloths, water absorbent sound proofing materials and moisture transfer sporting good. However, production expense of ultra-fine fibers is 5 to 7 times higher than general textile materials. The objective of this research is to develop cost-effective recycling process to produce multi-functional ultra-fine fibrous material in terms of the development of garnetting and carding machines for ultra-fine fibrous material waste and scrap. The efficiency of sound absorption for the recycled polyester nonwoven increased with decreasing length and thickness of component fibers, which was attributed to the reduction of air permeability. It is expected that high value and cost-effective textile products are developed using ultra-fine fibrous wastes and that sound proofing material and oil absorbent f

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.304-305
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• 2014

New and Renewable eco-friendly energy technique can be to enable rational use of resources, as well as securing economic efficiency. Therefore, most of the public facilities must apply eco-friendly energy systems. In this study was applied the solar light energy system to the construction projects. As a result, the proposed system was implemented various effect such as the power cost savings in public facilities. In addition to, the proposed system was improved functional aspects such as improving space utilization.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.315-327
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• 2008

According to the Bank Profitabilities Statistics of OECD members, Our domestic banks applying commissions for both exchange and selling/buying foreign currencies are evaluated as much higher than those of other countries banks. The theory indicates an analysis results and comparison in between banks over the world. Our domestic bank assert that, in general, the aggregated banking commission income is lower than those of other countries by comparing in the field of non-interests profits. Viewing by another analysis in details, some commission rate applying to domestic services are far below than cost basis, but other commission rate applying to foreign currency transaction services is abnormally higher. Such unfair rate should be lowered to the similar level to other banks in the world and also the actual cost should be reasonably reevaluated in the reasonable manner. One more thing, The writer suggest that domestic banks should spend efforts to increase their income by improving and diversifying with the various type of new commissions applied to domestic market, such as multi-functional financial services, expanding ATM services, electronic settling technique etc under today's rapidly changing and opening world financial market.