• 대한본초학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2020

Objects : The daily dose of Pinelliae Tuber in ≪Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases≫ is half seung in volume, two and half ryang in weight, and fifteen in total number. But the daily dose should be a whole number. So I found out the background of this setting and correct solution. Methods : I searched Classics of Traditional Medicine, found out the background of the daily dose setting, solution. Results : The daily dose of Pinelliae tuber in ≪Hangdi's Internal Classic Miraculous Pivot≫, ≪Bohenggyuljangbuyongyakbeobyo≫ is half seung. ≪Treatise on Cold Dameage Diseases≫ followed the same daily dose of that because it referred to these books. In ≪Synopsis of Prescription of the Golden Chamber≫, the daily dose of that is half seung, one or two seung. The half seung of the Pinelliae Tuber is thirty three mL, but the diameter is 1~1.5 cm that accurate measurement by volume is difficult. The daily dose by weight is correct considering the unity of marking of the daily dose, accuracy of measurement, the fact that Pinelliae Tuber is currently distributed by cutting. So, two ryang is correct which is thirteen gram. Conclusions : Considering the traditionality, the convenience of measurement, the daily dose of Pinelliae Tuber in the ≪Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases≫ is half seung, but considering the unity, accuracy, current state of distribution, it is correct that the daily dose of it is two ryang. It corresponds to thirteen gram.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2015

We propose a new distance measure between 2-dimensional points to provide a total order for an entire point set and to reflect the correct geometric meaning of the naturalness of the point ordering. In general, there is no total order for 2-dimensional point sets, so curve reconstruction algorithms do not solve the self-intersection problem because the distance used in the previous methods is the Euclidean distance. A natural distance based on Brownian motion was previously proposed to solve the self-intersection problem. However, the distance reflects the wrong geometric meaning of the naturalness. In this paper, we correct the disadvantage of the natural distance by introducing a polar-natural distance, and we also propose a new curve reconstruction algorithm that is based on the polar-natural distance. Our experiments show that the new distance adequately reflects the correct geometric meaning, so non-simple curve reconstruction can be solved.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.35-50
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• 2005

Thirty six EFL freshman students at the College of Languages and Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were given a dictation, a listening comprehension test and a decoding test. The purpose of the study was to find out whether EFL freshmen students' spelling ability correlates with their listening comprehension and decoding skills. Data analysis showed that the typical EFL freshman student misspelled 41.5% of the words on the dictation, gave 49.5% correct responses on the listening comprehension test, and 52% correct responses on the decoding test. The median and mean scores showed that the subjects' spelling, listening and decoding achievement is low, which implied that the subjects were having spelling, listening comprehension and decoding difficulties. The students' spelling errors and correct listening comprehension and decoding responses revealed strong correlations between spelling ability, listening comprehension and decoding skills. This means that good spelling ability in EFL is related to good listening comprehension and good decoding skills. The better the listening comprehension and decoding abilities, the fewer the spelling errors. When listening comprehension and decoding skills are poor, spelling ability is also poor. Recommendations for spelling, listening and decoding instruction are given.

• 월간포장계
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• 통권355호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2022

• 월간포장계
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• 통권348호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2022

• Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2018

Objectives. The age-based Cole formula has been employed for the estimation of endotracheal tube (ETT) size due to its ease of use, but may not appropriately consider growth rates among children. Child growth is assessed by calculating the body surface area (BSA). The association between the outer diameter of an appropriate uncuffed-endotracheal-tube (ETT-OD) and the BSA values of patients at 24-96 months of age was our primary outcome. Methods. Cole formula, BSA, age, height, weight and ultrasound measurement of subglottic-transverse-diameter were evaluated for correlations with correct uncuffed ETT-OD. The Cole formula, BSA, and ultrasound measurements were analyzed for estimation rates in all patients and age subgroups. The maximum allowed error for the estimation of ETT-OD was ${\leq}0.3mm$. Patients' tracheas were intubated with tubes chosen by Cole formula and correct ETT-OD values were determined using leak test. ETT exchange rates were recorded. Results. One-hundred twenty-seven patients were analyzed for the determination of estimation rates. Thirteen patients aged ${\geq}72months$ were intubated with cuffed ETT-OD of 8.4 mm and were accepted to need uncuffed ETT-OD >8.4 mm in order to be included in estimation rates, but excluded from correlations for size analysis. One-hundred fourteen patients were analyzed for correlations between correct ETT-OD (determined by the leak test) and outcome parameters. Cole formula, ultrasonography, and BSA had similar correct estimation rates. All three parameters had higher underestimation rates as age increased. Conclusion. The Cole formula, BSA, and ultrasonography had similar estimation rates in patients aged ${\geq}24$ to ${\leq}96months$. BSA had a correct estimation rate of 40.2% and may not be reliable in clinical practice to predict uncuffed-ETT-size.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2003

We describe a new method for removing non-linear phased array antenna aberration called "squint" problem. To develop a compensation scheme. theoretical antenna and artificial neural networks were used. The purpose of using the artificial neural networks is to develop an antenna system model that represents the steering function of an actual array. The artificial neural networks are also used to implement an inverse model which when concatenated with the antenna or antenna model will correct the "squint" problem. Combining the actual steering function and the inverse model contained in the artificial neural network, alters the steering command to the antenna so that the antenna will point to the desired position instead of squinting. The use of an artificial neural network provides a method of producing a non-linear system that can correct antenna performance. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of generating an inverse steering algorithm with artificial neural networks.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.322-329
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• 2013

Among the occlusal discrepancies, maxillary transverse deficiency is quite common in several reasons. The reasons are comprised of maxillary hypoplasia, thumb sucking habits, non-syndromic palatal synostosis and syndromal patients including cleft patients. Orthodontic treatment is used routinely to correct a deficiency in young patients while it has limitations for a skeletally mature patient. Surgical treatments help provide effective maxillary expansion to correct a deficiency in adults. Surgical methods can be categorized to segmental Le Fort I osteotomy and surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion(SARME). Both methods seem successful but each method would have its own indication. We give a review on transverse maxillary deficiency and two surgical methods.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제58권7호
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• pp.413-434
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• 2020

Recently, there are much improvement in optical and mechanical properties of dental ceramic materials coupled with improved fabrication techniques, which have caused a considerable shift in the preference of the dentists to ceramic restorations. Because the chemical composition and microstructure of all-ceramic materials are different by the type, correct choice of cement type and surface treatment procedure, and cementation strategy is essential for the success of ceramic restorations with adequate retention and decreased incidence of complications. This manuscript reviews on the most often prescribed and some newly developed ceramic materials, and the selection criteria and usage guidelines of cement materials that are used in conjunction with various ceramic materials. This manuscript emphasizes that continuous updating the information of newly developed ceramic and cement materials and application techniques by the dentists and dental staffs are demanding in response to the constantly improving ceramic and cement materials and corresponding application protocol changes.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.310-316
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• 1993

One of the major characteristics in misconceptions is the stability over time. However, the concept of stability has not been defined clearly yet even though some trials to quantify the stability has been done. In this study, the researcher tried to establish a stability index of students' misconception for the quantification. In this study, the stability of a misconception was defined using mean correct choice (MC), the slope of correct choice (C), mean incorrent choice(MI) and the slope of incorrect choice(I) as follows; I=1/3 (1-C) (1+I)(1-MC)(1+MI). The index developed in the study was examined using artificial data. In this study, the index seemed to represent the charicteristics of the stability inferred by theoretically. This means the index developed in this study has some validity for the time being. Howerever, since artificial data were used to exame the index, it showed be reexamined using real data in the future study.