• ALGAE
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.131-147
• /
• 2013

Major progress has been made in the past decade towards understanding of the biosynthesis of red carotenoid astaxanthin and its roles in stress response while exploiting microalgae-based astaxanthin as a potent antioxidant for human health and as a coloring agent for aquaculture applications. In this review, astaxanthin-producing green microalgae are briefly summarized with Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella zofingiensis recognized to be the most popular astaxanthin-producers. Two distinct pathways for astaxanthin synthesis along with associated cellular, physiological, and biochemical changes are elucidated using H. pluvialis and C. zofingiensis as the model systems. Interactions between astaxanthin biosynthesis and photosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis and enzymatic defense systems are described in the context of multiple lines of defense mechanisms working in concert against photooxidative stress. Major pros and cons of mass cultivation of H. pluvialis and C. zofingiensis in phototrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic culture modes are analyzed. Recent progress in genetic engineering of plants and microalgae for astaxanthin production is presented. Future advancement in microalgal astaxanthin research will depend largely on genome sequencing of H. pluvialis and C. zofingiensis and genetic toolbox development. Continuous effort along the heterotrophic-phototrophic culture mode could lead to major expansion of the microalgal astaxanthin industry.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.217-234
• /
• 2015

Computer technology and internet environment have been adapted to teaching and learning in Korean educational context. However, there are several problematic areas in operating web site for teaching and learning mathematics. This study aims to investigate the operating system, such as designing web site, contents information, and contents connection of NRICH web site that has been operated as a part of 'Millennium Mathematics Project' of Cambridge University since 1997. Based on these categories, this study also gives the implications for how to develop theme-centered contents, accumulation of continuous and long-term data, induction of user's participation, and various cooperation project.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.11
• /
• pp.157-167
• /
• 2021

The study analyzes the factors affecting the intention and recommendation to use the mobile banking applications of 314 customers from Vietnam. The study analyzes 7 factors affecting the intention and recommendation to use the mobile banking applications of customers from Vietnam, including (i) Perceived risk; (ii) Perceived ease of use; (iii) Perceived usefulness; (iv) Attitude; (v) Perceived trust; (vi) Social image; and (vii) Innovativeness. Besides, the study also analyzes 4 variables that reflect the customer's demographics, including gender, age, education, and occupation, and 6 variables describing the behavior of customers using mobile banking applications. The study findings indicate that the following factors (i) Innovativeness; (ii) Attitude; (iii) Perceived risk; (iv) Perceived ease of use, and (v) Perceived trust have the most significant impact on customers' behavior of using mobile banking applications in emerging markets such as Vietnam in the context of prolonged pandemic and continuous lockdown in many provinces and cities. The study is also of great value to studies on behavior changes among customers using mobile banking applications after the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. The study will provide additional empirical evidence useful to bank administrators in motivating customers to use mobile banking applications, helping develop a digital economy in Vietnam.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.35
• /
• pp.215-235
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this paper look at the basis of the cultural differences of Korean and Japan by comparing the craftsmanship. Korean craftsmanship and master craftsman making traditional handcrafts and artwork would die out at a critical moment. The craftsmanship and system could not be established because of discrimination in the traditional four classes of society( scholars, farmers, artisans and tradesmen), invasions of other countries and discontinuity of tradition from modernization. On the contrast, in Japan, it was possible to establish traditional handcrafts and artworks, technique and craftsmanship with apprentice system and various social privilege and treatment even in the same traditional four classes of society ( scholars, farmers, artisans and tradesmen). It was common to pass down the family business for a hundreds of years with self respect between Japanese master craftsmen and lots of people succeed the family business will now. Japanese craftsmanship is originated from 'worship to god' Medieval Japanese believed that the thing changes human mind, artistic talent, masterpieces and faith were connected to sacred power. Therefore, master craftsmen and their works were also made by the power of god. In this context, craftsmen were protected and treated in socially and nationally. It is that the social treatments and supports in national level and their own pride and continuous training of techniques and abilities as the main driving force to maintain the craftsmanship in Japan. Korea has the sale level of competitive tradition and technique in comparison any other countries. Japanese craftsmanship study will be a critical data in the protection and maintenance of Korean traditional and technique.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.95-100
• /
• 2019

Whilst most research focuses on the reduction of operative energy use in buildings, the aspect of which (and how many) materials are used is often neglected and poorly explored. However, considering the continuous growth of the global population and the limited availability of resources, it is clear that focusing on operative energy alone is too short-sighted. The tasks lying ahead for architects and engineers cannot be accomplished with conventional methods of construction. With a share of 50-60% of global resource consumption, the building industry has a decisive impact on our environment. If business as usual continues, resources will be significantly depleted in a matter of decades. Therefore, researchers of the University of Stuttgart are investigating the concept of adaptivity as a promising method for saving resources in the built environment. The term adaptivity in the context of building structures was first introduced by Werner Sobek. It describes a method where sensors, actuators and control units are implemented in systems or facades in order to oppose physical impacts in an ideal way. The applicability of this method will be verified on an experimental high-rise building at the University campus in Stuttgart. Thus, this paper describes this innovative research project and depicts the concept of adaptivity in high-rise structures. Furthermore, it gives an overview of potential actuation concepts and the interdisciplinary challenges behind them.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.4814-4832
• /
• 2019

Plagiarism detection is increasingly exploiting text alignment. Text alignment involves extracting the plagiarism passages in a pair of the suspicious document and its source document. The heuristics have achieved excellent performance in text alignment. However, the further improvements of the heuristic methods mainly depends more on the experiences of experts, which makes the heuristics lack of the abilities for continuous improvements. To address this problem, machine learning maybe a proper way. Considering the position relations and the context of text segments pairs, we formalize the text alignment task as a problem of sequence labeling, improving the current methods at the model level. Especially, this paper proposes to use the probabilistic graphical model to tag the observed sequence of pairs of text segments. Hence we present the sequence labeling approach for text alignment in plagiarism detection based on Conditional Random Fields. The proposed approach is evaluated on the PAN@CLEF 2012 artificial high obfuscation plagiarism corpus and the simulated paraphrase plagiarism corpus, and compared with the methods achieved the best performance in PAN@CLEF 2012, 2013 and 2014. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the state of the art methods.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.659-666
• /
• 2021

With the continuous development of deep learning, human behavior recognition algorithms have achieved good results. However, in a multi-person recognition environment, the complex behavior environment poses a great challenge to the efficiency of recognition. To this end, this paper proposes a multi-person pose estimation model. First of all, the human detectors in the top-down framework mostly use the two-stage target detection model, which runs slow down. The single-stage YOLOv3 target detection model is used to effectively improve the running speed and the generalization of the model. Depth separable convolution, which further improves the speed of target detection and improves the model's ability to extract target proposed regions; Secondly, based on the feature pyramid network combined with context semantic information in the pose estimation model, the OHEM algorithm is used to solve difficult key point detection problems, and the accuracy of multi-person pose estimation is improved; Finally, the Euclidean distance is used to calculate the spatial distance between key points, to determine the similarity of postures in the frame, and to eliminate redundant postures.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
• /
• v.64 no.1
• /
• pp.25-37
• /
• 2018

The turning point is one of the more evocative concepts in the critic's arsenal, as it is equally suited to the evaluation and analysis of a given moment in one's day as to those of a historical event. But how does one recognize a turning point? As we find ourselves always "in the middest," both spatially and temporally, we inhabit sites that may be points at which many things may be seen to turn. Indeed, it is usually only possible to identify a turning point, as it were, from a distance, from the remove of space and time which allows for a sense of recognition, based in part on original context and in part of perceived effects. In this article, Robert T. Tally Jr. argues that the apprehension and interpretation of a turning point involves a fundamentally critical activity. Examining three models by which to understand the concept of the turning point-the swerve, the trope, and peripety (or the dialectical reversal)-Tally demonstrates how each represents a different way of seeing the turning point and its effects. Thus, the swerve is associated with a point of departure for a critical project; the trope is connected to continuous and sustained critical activity in the moment, and peripety enables a retrospective vision that, in turn, inform future research. Tally argues for the significance of the turning point in literary and cultural theory, and concludes that the identification, analysis, and interpretation of turning points is crucial to the project of criticism today.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2021

Objective: The researchers aimed to explore the 'what' and the 'how' of childcare consulting. This study was focused on finding out how child care teachers perceived the process of implementing childcare consulting and their thoughts about the transformation of childcare consulting based on their participating experience. Methods: This study was based on the transverse-continuous design using qualitative research methodology. The participants were eight experienced childcare teachers that were childcare consulting in 2015 or 2020. The data were collected through in-depth interviews. Results: The main findings in exploring meanings and implications of childcare consulting were as follows. First, childcare consulting was recognized as a process of learning about changes through mutual relationships. Second, the different ways to practice childcare consulting, the formation of the learning culture of an organization to help experience collective intelligence, the process of finding various solutions through mutual communication, and the improvement of childcare teachers' professional capabilities while reflecting the current times and context were all investigated. Conclusion/Implications: Given the findings of the study, the importance of childcare consulting, and the ways to establish its systems were discussed.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.429-435
• /
• 2021

In this study, the creation of emotional dialogue was investigated within the process of developing a robot's natural language understanding and emotional dialogue processing. Unlike an English-based dataset, which is the mainstay of natural language processing, the Korean-based dataset has several shortcomings. Therefore, in a situation where the Korean language base is insufficient, the Korean dataset should be dealt with in detail, and in particular, the unique characteristics of the language should be considered. Hence, the first step is to base this study on a specific Korean dataset consisting of conversations on emotional topics. Subsequently, a model was built that learns to extract the continuous dialogue features from a pre-trained language model to generate sentences while maintaining the context of the dialogue. To validate the model, a chatbot system was implemented and meaningful results were obtained by collecting the external subjects and conducting experiments. As a result, the proposed model was influenced by the dataset in which the conversation topic was consultation, to facilitate free and emotional communication with users as if they were consulting with a chatbot. The results were analyzed to identify and explain the advantages and disadvantages of the current model. Finally, as a necessary element to reach the aforementioned ultimate research goal, a discussion is presented on the areas for future studies.