• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.674-681
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• 2011

'The Three Bonds And The Morals in Human Relations' was published in Joseon Dynasty period in 1434, relatively early days of comic history in the world. The gaps between comics frames have symbolic meaning as comics frames have in the area of symbols of comics. After comics frames appeared, it was likely that the advent of the gaps between frames had its own value in the aspect of comics history. Historical backgrounds of domestic comics would be built on firm base led by studying on the symbolic meaning of the gaps between comics frames. Two forms of the gaps between frames were shown in 'The Three Bonds And The Morals in Human Relations.' The first form is the gap between cloud frames. The second is the gap between cloud frame and background frame. Although a little difference is found in the shape and display, two forms of the gaps between frames in 'The Three Bonds And The Morals in Human Relations' have a similarity to modern comics. This study is to demonstrate valid background for the domestic history of comics by means of analyzing the shapes of the gap between comics frames in 'The Three Bonds And The Morals in Human Relations.' The objective of this study is to prove the meaning of the shapes of the gaps between comics frames 'The Three Bonds And The Morals in Human Relations', focusing the gaps between frames among symbols of comics.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.763-766
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• 2006

It's a seldom case that someone denies comics are one of art forms. On the other hand, Comics are usually skipped in discussions about arts, because it seems the attempts to find out the artistic worth of comics are not successful. The very work which figures out the worth of the works of arts belongs to criticism. However the standards of comics criticism are not prepared yet, though criticism should have standards to make a decision. Therefore, this thesis intends to suggest the standards of comics criticism to figure out the worth of comics. In order to reach the end, the discussions on this thesis go on the classical aesthetic theories, because the classical aesthetic theories had attempted to find out the universal worth of arts. After that, with the standards supplied by the aesthetic theories, I will suggest the specific standards of comics criticism finally.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.454-459
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• 2003

Nowadays comic strip(or comics) has surpassed its limits as a role of humor and amusement. And it has firmly established its role as a kind of public information and mass media. Furthermore it is used as materials for effective learning and human nature education to prevent the problems caused by rapid changes, and means to lessen or relax stress. The author will examine the specific ability, characteristics and potential of comics in this modem society. This paper will discuss the results caused by comic strip and show the possibility that comics can achieve the aim as a mass media

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.153-160
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• 2008

It devides that a comic book is based on paper and the other one is serviced through the medium of internet. Each one called conventional form of comic book and digital one. Currently digital comics are published on the various portals and WEB sites and they become one of the comic media and service. However, it is simply uploaded scan-images of comic book on monitors instead of paper. This is just only difference of output form of comics and it does not bring out any digital feature. Now we need a new comic research and experiments that are applied characters of digital for the conventional comic directing. Thus this research presents that the new possibility of digital comics with the core of digital contents, interactivity is applied for comic frame-manner and user customized storytelling.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.149-158
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• 2010

This study is a comparative analysis of the creation and development of visual techniques used in girls' comics in the paradigmatic low and high-context cultures of American and Japan. As previous analyses have shown, there are qualitative differences in the expressive mechanisms employed in girls' comics in Eastern and Western cultures, and it is an investigation of this realm of expression that is the basis of this study. Particular emphasis is placed on an analysis of the structure of frames, one of the most fundamental expressive mechanisms in girls' comics. A close examination of this underlying structural component reveals that both cultures demonstrate autonomous growth, providing a theoretical framework for future studies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.652-656
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• 2007

It devides that a comic book is based on paper and the other one is serviced through the medium of internet. Each one called conventional form of comic book and digital one; however, it is simply uploaded scan-images of comic book on monitors instead of paper. This is just only difference of output form of comics and it does not bring out digital feature. Thus the new possibility of digital comics will be searched with the core of digital contents, interactivity is applied for comic frame-manner.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.32
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• pp.189-220
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• 2013

It is expected that interests and supports for 'the creative economy' will increase considerably since the establishment of the Park Geun Hye Administration. According to a report with respect to its cultural policy handed in by the Minister of Culture to the president on March 28, 2013, the administration will set up a basic plan of establishing regional fusion-typed laboratories including such genres as story telling, animations, games, cartoons, performances, etc. in May this year, and opening contents Korea laboratories across the country by the first quarter in 2014 as part of its core task. Furthermore, it will focus on implementing such policies for training professional manpower as creative mentoring programs, expansion of education for field employees and expansion of a creative education for young students, including a plan to train 1,000 creative contents talents by 2017 as described in the report. Since the Comics Promotional Law took effect in August 2012, the Korea Culture and Content Agency and the Comics Industry have been establishing the third plan for medium and long term development of the comics industry together. One of the most important policy is about training professional manpower. "Joint Business with Creative Talents," in which the amount of 4.5 billion won was invested, has already been implemented, and "Support Business for Field Employees of Comics Creating Enterprises," in which the amount of 0.6 billion won was invested, has been performed so far through the Korea Comics Contents Agency upon the request of the Comics Industry. The government's plan to train professional manpower is interlocked with its foundation and employment policies, and thus, this will be a good opportunity for colleges and universities that have comics related majors, especially for those that need proper measures for bring their graduates a chance to get a job. Accordingly, it seems that if the government develops more aggressive policies, reflects this on the third medium and long term development plan of the comics industry, and then organizes policy and study meetings led by the learned societies to implement this, it will be able to generate a significant synergy effect. This Article will concentrate on first examining the flow and patterns of the policy to train special manpower by the comics industry, the Ministry of Culture and related institutions since the establishment of the Comics Promotional Law, analyzing some problems in the first and second medium and long term development plan of the comics industry to be implemented from 2003 through 2013 and the third medium and long term development plan to be announced in June 2013 to train professional manpower, and then suggesting an effective direction and some alternatives to train professional manpower in universities in a medium and long term way.

• Review of Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.23-27
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• 2011

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.13-51
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• 2021

The aim of this essay is to illustrate Sunjung Manhwa in the 1970s which has been alienated in comics studies. This essay analyses the articles and the serial comics in Schoolgirl, the magazine in the 1970s, and examines the ideal representations of the girls at that time. Sunjung Manhwa is really different between the 1960s and 1970s. It cannot be explained on this gap just by analyzing Sunjung Manhwa in book form alone. Even though the censorship on comics was the element that has hampered the development of comics as a whole, the slumps of Sunjung Manhwa in the 1970s were very excessive compared to other comics genres. This article can gain the answers to the reason of the changes of Sunjung Manhwa by studying the magazines which was the main mass media aimed at girls with Sunjung Manhwa. While the articles in magazines show the editing direction and its characteristics, they reflect the values and ideologies at that time. The same is true for the comics in the magazines. Especially, the comics in the magazines was relatively free from the censorship. This essay examined how the articles and the comics in the girls' magazine in the 1970s represented the images of girls at the time by focusing on feature articles and comics in the magazine, Schoolgirl. This article explored Um, Hee-Ja's Blue Zone and Bang, Young-Jin's Mini March among a full-length serial comics in the magazine, Schoolgirl. Both Blue Zone and Mini March reveal the images of an ideal girl that has been emphasized by the articles in Schoolgirl. Blue Zone draws the appearances of an earnest and obedient daughter, and Mini March represents the figures of a cheerful and bright girl. Through this study, it can be recognized that the magazines in the 1970s highly appraised girls who are obedient to a given society and serve to a harmonious family as ideal ones, and it might be guessed that the ideal images of girls that was characterized ceaselessly by the magazines were the standard of the censorship on comics and its creativity and had also a huge impact on the contents and the expressions of a great deal of works. The 1970s was the times when its importance has been lost in the history of the comics studies by the censorship on the comics and the monopoly of "Hapdong(합동) publisher." The limits of expression in terms of censorship were awfully distinct, so its result was few of good works in quality, and there are still many blanks in the study on 1970s' comics. This study has a meaning which fills up a blank in the comics studies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.172-177
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• 2005

Comics and animation have come to establish their position firmly as a genre of mass media, coming in and out freely in various areas, such as politics, economy, philosophy, education, religion, beyond the limit of amusement which was view point before. Moreover, at about 140 universities all over S. korea, they have established the subject related to comics and animation. And they have educated professional workers positively. Even at elementary schools, middle schools and high schools, they have early education courses for some students' special ability.(those are a kind of special extra classes). It is demanded to develop teaching system in the area of academic theories which pay an important part to quality improvement by recognizing this social atmosphere, in order to educate more efficiently for comics and animation. The aim of this study is to develop teaching system with mutual application of comics and animation ,which have each original mode of expression, using one methodology.