• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.19 no.9
• /
• pp.1010-1019
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we present a noise analysis and measurement results of a bio-radar system that can detect human heartbeat and respiration signals. The noise analysis including various phase noise effects is very important in designing the bio-radar system, since the frequency difference between the received signal and local oscillator is very small and the received power is very low. All of the noise components in a bio-radar system are considered from the point of view of SNR. From this analysis, it can be concluded that the phase noise due to antenna leakage is a dominant factor and is a function of range correlation. Therefore, the phase noise component with range correlation effect, which is the most important noise contribution, is measured using the measurement setup and compared with the calculated results. From the measurement results, our measurement setup can measure a closed-in phase noise of a free-running oscillator. Based on these results, it is possible to design a 2.4 GHz bio-radar system quantitatively which has a detection range of 50 cm and low power of 1 mW without additional PLL circuits.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.25 no.3 s.87
• /
• pp.119-135
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find out the level of digital stress that people experience and to investigate the effects of socio-economic variables on that. To collect data, structured questionnaire was developed and 1,200 questionnaires were distributed through internet. There were 2 dimensions in this study to examine digital stress. First dimension was about the devices themselves: computers and the other digital goods. Second dimension was about the time digital stress occurring in consumers' decision-making process: purchasing and using. Based on Yeo&Kim(2004), sub-dimensions of purchasing and using aspects were chosen. 5 sub-dimensions in purchasing side were new technology, cost, variety of alternatives, warranty service, and informational problem 6 sub-dimensions in using field were mal(or impaired)-functioning. physical aspects, immaturity in use, pressure to use, addiction to use, and informational problem. As independent variables, sex, age, educational level, digitalization acceptability and computer usability were used. The overall level of digital stress was around the average point which was not as high as expected. Digital stress of purchasing was higher than that of using. First, in purchasing aspects, the level of digital stress was relatively high in cost, variety of alternatives and warranty service. Hence, clear communications with consumers about the distinctive aspects and cost of digital devices in market are needed. Secondly, in using side, mal-functioning and physical aspects were relatively more powerful stressors. In the other words, the more serious problems were not from the characteristics of individual consumers but from those of products. Producers should put their best efforts to reduce imperfection (defectiveness) and develop user-friendly digital devices. Also, users' individual efforts to overcome the problems that can be solved privately are necessary. Finally, it was discovered that sex and computer usability were very important variables on digital stress. To extend computer usability of consumers and get over digital illiteracy, it is essential to expand the paths to give chances for people to contact with computers and other digital goods. Still there are lots of people whore computer-illiterate or low-skilled at computers. In policies or educational programs made by government, communities, or schools, more attention should be paid to the digitally vulnerable groups.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.212-223
• /
• 2000

The purposes of this research were to add to the developing knowledge base about the burden and social support of grandmothers involved with caring grandchildren, and to examine whether a significant relationship exists between their burden and social support perceived by the grandmothers. A convenience sample of 102 grandmothers was recruited from five collective apartment areas at a small city in Korea. The criteria of selection of sample were that the grandmothers were raising their grandchildren under the age of 36 months for 3 months or longer at own or gandchildren's home. The instruments used were a 15-item multidemensional burden scale and a 8-item social support scale. Both scales were self report, five point Likert type scales. The higher the score, the higher the degree of burden and social support. Data was collected by two prepared research assistants visiting subjects' home from December 10, 1998 to March 20, 1999. The collected data were analysed using mean, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient computed by SPSS software. The results were as follows. 1. In the age distribution of grandmothers, the over half of subjects(58.8%) were under 60 years old. The majority(69.6%) of subjects were married at time of data collection. 79(77.5%) of the sample reported that their perceived health status was good or over. 2. The burden of the grandmothers was not scored high, and the item means on burden scale were ranged from 2.26 to 4.19 out of 5. 'Short of private time'(4.19) had the highest score, followed by 'fatigue'(3.92), 'short of rest'(3.75), and 'short of contact with friends and neighbors'(3.62). The lowest item was 'family doesn't help me'(2.26), and followed by 'family doesn't understand me'(2.33), 'angry with family' (2.43), and 'angry while caring for grandchild'(2.60). 3. There were significant relationships between the burden and present health status(p<.01), childcaring confidence(p<.01), and motive of caring(p<.01). 4. The score of social support, was ranging from 3.61 to 4.01 out of 5. 5. The relationship between burden and social support was found to be correlated negatively. The relationship was statistically significant(γ= - .2833, p<.001). In conclusion, it was found that the burden was not high and burden of grandmothers caring grandchildren was correlated negatively to social support. Therefore, these results provide a basis for developing a nursing intervention to reduce the burden of grandmothers.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.15-40
• /
• 2008

With the explosive growth of the Internet, Internet shopping malls have become recognized as one of the major purchasing channels for consumers, as well as one of the competitive distribution channels for companies that allow them to contact with customers without intermediaries. It has motivated information systems(IS) researchers to examine the factors influencing consumer behavior and the purchase decision process in the context of Internet shopping malls. Despite the extensive research that has been conducted on the purchase decision process of consumers in online shopping malls, the results have demonstrated a need for further understanding of consumer behavior due to the unique features of virtual space and the characteristics of online consumers. Previous studies from marketing and consumer behavior domains have suggested that the concept of involvement plays an important role in explaining consumers' purchase behavior. Despite the critical role of involvement and the explosive growth of e-commerce, little research has examined the role of involvement in the Internet shopping mall context. With this motivation, this study has two research objectives. First, it introduces and tests an theoretical model capable of better explaining consumers' intention to purchase in the Internet shopping mall context. The proposed model extends and integrates existing models on purchase intention by incorporating purchase experience, innovativeness, and perceived self-control as the consumer factors, along with perceived risk, information provision, and perceived price as the Internet shopping mall factors. Second, this study examines how involvement differences may affect consumers' intention to purchase. For this purpose, two factors from involvement theory, involvement type and involvement level, are introduced into the research model as moderating variables. In order to test the proposed model, the overall approach employed was a field study using the structural equation model. We developed our data collection instrument by adopting existing validated questions wherever possible. All question items were measured with a seven-point, Likert-type scale, with anchors ranging from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree.' Two IS researchers reviewed the instrument and checked its face validity. We collected empirical data for this study over a period of two weeks from subjects who had purchase experiences through Internet shopping malls. A total of 473 complete and valid responses were obtained. We carried out data analysis using a two-step methodology with AMOS 4.0. The first step in the data analysis was to establish the convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs. In the second step, we examined the structural model based on the cleansed measurement model. The empirical results partly support the proposed model and identify the moderating effect of involvement differences. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed, along with its limitations.

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.99-132
• /
• 2007

As customer management rises by important issue in electronic commerce, virtue study about CRM have proceeded much. However, because existent researches were positive researches of most statistical base, There are some limitation that does not show dynamic change with CRM flow by flowing of time, and can not forecast propriety and future result about CRM strategy. Therefore, in order to overcome existent limitation on these CRM study, this study designed dynamic model which draws factors that compose CRM strategy of on-line shopping mall, and do based on technique in system dynamics so that can analyze dynamic change between these factors. Concretely, atomized customer focuses in the on-line shopping mall and does based on Permission marketing theory, and applied CRM of different level to atomized customers and know change of customer satisfaction measurement and discomfort degree accordingly. According to the result of Simulation practice, situation that achieve CRM strategy of different level by atomize customer more increase the customer satisfaction than situation that is not so. Dynamic pattern that presented in this study is expected that can verify validity about CRM achievement strategy of different level at each CRM point of contact & how Internet enterprise including on-line shopping mall is establishing CRM strategy reasonably.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.79-99
• /
• 2008

All the major ports around the world as well as those in Korea have been exploring their own strategies to survive rapidly changing marine transport environment worldwide. In particular, Busan New Port under development still fails to meet expected logistical traffic, although it operates 6 berths. That is why it is necessary to point out current challenges in logistical strategy of Busan New Port for fully dealing with logistical traffic. Therefore, this study can propose the following ways to facilitate logistical traffic of Busan New Port. First, it is necessary to apply equal tariff to incentives given to shipping agent under the associations between existing harbors and Busan New Port. Second, it is required to increase governmental subsidy for truck freight transport. Third, it is demanded to seek possible ways to transport export and import freight and thereby create independent logistical traffic. Fourth, it is necessary to contact shipping agents residing in new ports and establish a logistical program for shipping freights via Europe, Middle East and Russia as well as those by way of North America, Japan, Korea and China, ultimately making sustainable marketing strategy to create a series of continuous transshipment freight, not temporary one. Finally, it is advisable to operate networked logistical programs with small- or medium-sized overseas shipping agents in business association with large-scale overseas shipping agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 2004

Purpose : To assess perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic measure of voice quality in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis before and after type I thyroplasty. Methods : The clinical records of patients operated type I thyroplasty in the Departement of otorhinoalryngolgy, Yongdong Severance hospital from November 2001 to November 2003 were reviewed. All patients uderwent a vocal function evaluation including perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic measures of voice preoperative and on $60^{th}$ postoperative day. The perceptual and acoustic measures were obtained from recording of patients' reading a 'Sanchak' passage. The perceptual evaluation was performed by 2 speech pathologist using a 4-point rating scale. Acoustic parameters(voice range profile low(RAL), voice range profile high(RAH), average fundamental frequency(AFX), closed quotient, harmonic to noise ratio, jitter and shimmer) were investigated by Lx speech studio. Mean flow rate(MFR), subglottic pressure(Psub) and intensity were measured using the Phonatory function analyzer. The maximum phonation time was also measured. The data were statistically analyzed. A paired t-test (p<0.1) was used to compare preoperative and postoperative results. And multiple regression test was used to find which parameter was most correlated to improvement of postoperative voice quality. Results : Among aerodynamic parameters, Psub $(88.11mmH_2O{\rightarrow}58.7mmH_2O)$, MPT(7.87sec${\rightarrow}$12.53sec), MFR (359.8ml/sec${\rightarrow}$161.06ml/sec) were statistically improved. AFx(205.5Hz${\rightarrow}$163.27Hz), AQx(23.9%${\rightarrow}$48.3%), RAL, RAH. Jotter and shimmer were improved. In multiple regression test, AFx and AQx was noted as the two meost correlated parameters to improvement of postoperative breathiness. But general grade of voice quality was more correlated to Psub and shimmer. Conclusion : Vocal fold medialization procedures effectively reduce glottic gap. Increasing of contact area of both vocal folds induced improvement in aerodynamic parameters and leaded stabilizing of vocal fold vibration. That effect results in improvement in acoustic parameters (shimmer, jitter, signal-to-noise ratio, voice range profile) and voice quality.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.19
• /
• pp.43-66
• /
• 2009

For the quality improvement on private security industry, the quality of personnel in private security should be advanced through the systematic training. If the personnel in private security provide an advanced service in applying knowledge and technique to the field when in training, they can obtain the reliability from people. With the point of this side, practical and systematic training is essential to the restoration on the private security industry. The personnel of private security face many people in the field. So they must work with an active concept that can prevent additional crime from behavior suspicions through scientific observation method and systematic inquiry method rather than negative work with providing a friendly service in the field. For conducting this concept, therefore, this study suggested the improvement training program of "Question and Research Guides" from new employee training on existing private security. The scientific observation standard is specifically suggested from the study 'people watching' of Professor Morris, D. and an act contact question from lead technique that US FBI, police, and inspection institute are taking through the feature of human act and 'METT' that is the program for emotion capture training through human minute look is going to be applied on "Question and Research Guides" training. This will provide the educational mood for students with the training content that is available for the practical training program and the real work, and will help to restore the private security industry with obtaining people's reliability through the scientific work and advanced field treatment.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.391-414
• /
• 2012

Despite the growth in public concern about health information, the ratio of users who can search for accurate and reliable health information sources has been found to be quite low. Public libraries, as the best contact point to general users, must provide training programs for improving health literacy so that users will have the ability to search and analyze health information, judge the accuracy and reliability of resources, and make informed health-related decisions. This study developed a health information literacy education program suitable for Korean public library users. The effectiveness of the training was measured after administering the program, and necessary improvements were identified. As a result, this study found the education program had the following effects: improved public library users' familiarity with CHI-related terms, improved users' ability to find CHI-related information resources on the Internet, and significantly improved knowledge about health-related websites and information sources. In addition, users expressed interest in seminars on a variety of health information sources in the public library and asked that CHI-related education be included in the library's regular programming. However, this research represented the first time CHI-related education for public library users was performed in Korea, and therefore many limitations were present in the education instructor, the diversity of subjects, and the methodology. Development of more advanced CHI-related education programs for users is still required.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.33-37
• /
• 2011

The ectopic eruption is defined as abnormal eruption which gives to displacement of the teeth and abnormal root resorption of adjacent teeth. The prevalence of ectopic eruption is reported to vary 2~6%, most of them are in the maxilla. Etiologic factors include narrow maxilla, large maxillary teeth, inclined eruption path of the first molar, retruded position of the maxilla and hereditary factor. Irreversible ectopic eruption where the second primary molar is lost often causes mesial tipping and rotation of the permanent molar, unfavorable occlusion and space deficiency for the second premolar. Ectopically erupted teeth should be treated early to maintain normal development of the dentition, harmony of facial growth and occlusal support. The method of the treatment are classified as follows : appliances that is positioned at the contact point for unlocking and the distal movement, fixed appliance that is connected to more than one tooth, and occlusion guiding method after disking or extraction of the second deciduous molar. A case report of a patient with bilaterally ectopic eruption of maxilla and mandible first permanent molar was present. Also, the patient who had experienced the chronic myelogenous leukemia, show various dental developmental complications. The ectopic eruption was treated with a Halterman appliance that was a effective way of correcting of ectopic eruption of the permanent first molar.