• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.1133-1151
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• 2010

Energy balanced consumption routing is based on assumption that the nodes consume energy both in transmitting and receiving. Lopsided energy consumption is an intrinsic problem in low-cost sensor networks characterized by multihop routing and in many traffic overhead pattern networks, and this irregular energy dissipation can significantly reduce network lifetime. In this paper, we study the problem of maximizing network lifetime through balancing energy consumption for uniformly deployed low-cost sensor networks. We formulate the energy consumption balancing problem as an optimal balancing data transmitting problem by combining the ideas of corona cluster based network division and optimized transmitting state routing strategy together with data transmission. We propose a localized cluster based routing scheme that guarantees balanced energy consumption among clusters within each corona. We develop a new energy cluster based routing protocol called "OECR". We design an offline centralized algorithm with time complexity O (log n) (n is the number of clusters) to solve the transmitting data distribution problem aimed at energy balancing consumption among nodes in different cluster. An approach for computing the optimal number of clusters to maximize the network lifetime is also presented. Based on the mathematical model, an optimized energy cluster routing (OECR) is designed and the solution for extending OEDR to low-cost sensor networks is also presented. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed routing scheme significantly outperforms conventional energy routing schemes in terms of network lifetime.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to identify the problems in the consumption life of household over the family life cycle so that they would support to select the consumer education subjects and the establish the long-term household plan. For these purposes, a survey was conducted using questionnaire. The data used in this study included 562 homemakers living in Seoul. Statistics used for data analysis were frequency distribution, Mean, Percentile, One-way Anova, Scheffie-test, Multiple Classification Analysis. Major findings were as follows; 1) In the level of the problems in the consumption life of household, housing problem, durable goods problem, healthy-medical problem and child education problem area were in the low level. Leisure problem and properties management problem area were in the high level. 2) The problems in the consumption life of household differed significantly over the family life cycle. 3) When controlling family monthly income and education level of husband was compared with not-controlling them, the influences of family life cycle on the problems in the consumption life were as follows. (1)At housing problem area, the effect of the FLC was higher in controlling them than not-controlling them. (2) At other problems the effects of the FLC was lower or same in controlling them than not-controlling them.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2020

In this paper we study an optimal consumption, investment and retirement time choice problem of an investor who receives labor income before her voluntary retirement. And we assume that there is a negative wealth constraint which is a general version of borrowing constraint. Using convex-duality method, we provide the closed-form solutions of the optimization problem.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2012

본 연구는 청소년의 학교 소비자교육과 휴대전화 소비행동, 휴대전화 소비행동과 휴대전화 소비생활 만족도의 관계를 살펴보아 청소년들의 합리적인 소비생활을 유도할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고 학교 소비자교육의 개선을 위한 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 설문지는 서울 및 수도권 소재 중학교에 재학 중인 중학교 2학년을 대상으로 실시하여 총 430부를 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정보분석 및 구매의사결정에 대한 교육이 '합리적 구매와 능동적 문제해결' 행동에 영향을 미치고, 소비문화에 대한 교육이 '윤리적 사용, 능동적 문제해결' 행동에 영향을 미쳤다. '문제해결 및 권리와 책임'에 대한 교육은 소비행동에 어떠한 영향도 미치지 않았고, 인지수준도 상대적으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 둘째, 휴대전화의 윤리적 사용행동은 '관계만족도'에 영향을 미치고, 합리적 구매행동과 능동적 문제해결행동은 '활용만족도'에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.81-97
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine children's consumption level and related factors in an effort to lay the foundation for teaching children to lead rational consumer life and for improving consumer welfare, as it's assumed in this study that children's consumption problems would affect themselves throughout their lives. This study specifically intended to find out (1) child consumer problems, (2) how children's consumption problems were affected by their demographic variables, (3) whether consumer-education experience made any differences to their consumption problems at school, home and society, and (4) what types of demographic and consumer-education variables exercised influence on consumption problems. The findings of this study were as follows： First, children investigated were found to have middle level of consumption problems. Purchasing goods scored the lowest, and using goods scored the highest among consumption problems. Second, it turned out that boys suffered more consumption problems than girls. The reason seemed that as boys generally have lower experience in consumption attitude. Third, as to the correlation of the children's consumption problems to their consumer-education experience, money management was significantly associated with the presence or absence of experience to learn at school how to manage and save allowances. Also, the experience of consumer education by parents made a significant difference. The children's consumer consciousness and attitude varied with their experience to receive consumer education from mass media.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.853-864
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to measure consumption values and to investigate the differences in the process of decision making when purchasing apparel products among groups divided by consumption values. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 550 subjects in their 20's and 30's from Sepember 29th to October 25th in 2001; 463 were used for the data analysis. The results of this study were as follows; Consumption values were classified into five factors: Practical/functional value, Social/conformitive value, Subjective/aesthetic value, Epistemic value and Conspicuous value. Subjects were classified into 4 groups based on consumption values: the Conspicuous, the Epistemic, the Social/conformitive and the Indifferent. There were significant differences among the four groups in selected motives in the problem recognition process. Significant differences were found among the groups in own taste & personality in the information search process. Significant difference were also found in the importance of design, color, price, coordination, fashion and self-image in the alternative evaluation process.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.69-87
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• 2014

본 연구는 학습자가 능동적으로 수업에 참여하여 문제를 인식하고 해결해나가는 학생중심주의 교수-학습 방법인 PBL을 적용한 윤리적 의류소비교육 프로그램을 개발하는 것이며, 이를 수업에 적용한 후 학생들의 윤리적 의류소비의식 및 문제해결능력과 자기주도학습 능력의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 총 4개의 학습 주제로 7차시의 윤리적 의류소비교육 프로그램을 개발하였으며 통제집단과 실험집단으로 나눠 실제 수업을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, PBL을 적용하여 윤리적 의류소비교육 프로그램(7차시의 교수-학습과정안, 읽기자료 9개, 동영상자료 3개, 개별활동지 13개, 모둠활동지 17개)을 개발하였다. 둘째, 청소년들의 윤리적 의류소비의식이 수업 전 보다 많이 향상되었다. 통제집단과 실험집단 모두 윤리적 의류소비 관여도 및 의식이 높음이 입증되었기에 학교에서의 체계적이고 지속적인 소비교육이 필요함을 확인 할 수 있었다. 셋째, PBL 기반 윤리적 의류소비교육 프로그램을 적용 후 문제해결능력과 자기주도학습 능력 변화에 관한 사후 검사를 한 결과, 학생들의 문제해결능력이 향상되었으며 자기주도학습의 인지와 행동 두 가지 요인에서 모두 유의적인 차이가 나타났다.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2014

I use the dynamic programming approach to study the optimal consumption and investment problem with regime-switching and constant labor income. I derive the optimal solutions in closed-form with constant absolute risk aversion (CARA) utility and constant disutility.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2013

We use the dynamic programming method to investigate the optimal consumption and investment problem with regime-switching. We derive the optimal solutions in closed-form with constant absolute risk aversion (CARA) utility.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.873-874
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• 2007

In this paper, we make a detailed study about the routing related energy consumption problem in Wireless Sensor Networks. Based on this study, we present the selection criterion of the intermediate nodes so as to make the routing problem energy-efficient. Experimental results are provided with reasonable verification.