• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.19-38
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• 2019

The Seosan-Daesan Port is closest to the major ports of China; hence, it is recognized as the ideal port for trade with China. Well-developed industrial infrastructure in its hinterland, including petrochemical, automotive, and electronic component complexes and recent developments of port facilities that aim to strengthen its function as a commercial port clearly highlight the necessity to develop it as a comprehensive port by building a marine industrial cluster. In this study, prerequisites for marine industrial cluster development in Seosan-Daesan Port are identified; they include the following. First, the conditions to be met for being designated a marine industrial cluster should be amended; Second, the central government should delegate authority to local governments to ensure the development of marine industries; Third, changes related to marine industrial cluster development in the governance structure of local governments (Seosan City and Chungnam Province) are required; and Last, a consultative body should be established to facilitate discussions on developing a marine industrial cluster in Seosan-Daesan Port and build public consensus.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.321-332
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• 2020

Decentralized approaches are extensively researched by academia and industry in order to cover up the flaws of existing systems in terms of data privacy. Blockchain and decentralized learning are prominent representatives of a deconcentrated approach. Blockchain is secure by design since the data record is irrevocable, tamper-resistant, consensus-based decision making, and inexpensive of overall transactions. On the other hand, decentralized learning empowers a number of devices collectively in improving a deep learning model without exposing the dataset publicly. To motivate participants to use their resources in building models, a decent and proportional incentive system is a necessity. A centralized incentive mechanism is likely inconvenient to be adopted in decentralized learning since it relies on the middleman that still suffers from bottleneck issues. Therefore, we design an incentive model for decentralized learning applications by leveraging the Ethereum smart contract. The simulation results satisfy the design goals. We also outline the concerns in implementing the presented scheme for sensitive data regarding privacy and data leakage.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.67-90
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• 2022

The March 2022 presidential election held at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic drew flak for undermining the principle of universal suffrage by failing to guarantee properly the voting rights of confirmed and quarantined persons. Guaranteeing their voting rights requires thinking about e-voting that can fundamentally overcome the temporal and spatial limitations of current paper voting polling stations. The question is how to deal with the increased possibility of contradicting or violating the principles of equality and direct and secret suffrage due to the expansion of universal suffrage. In order to obtain implications for this, we looked at the case of Estonia, which has been holding 11 national elections without any problems since the introduction of e-voting in 2005. Estonia was successfully building trust in the system, government, and society through the institutionalization and routinization of the overall socio-technical system of e-voting, along with political and constitutional agreements on the principles of elections. Therefore, we should not only consider the possibility of e-voting in terms of technological development and level but also discuss the establishment of trust by mediating conflicts between election principles from a normative point of view to reach a social consensus.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-63
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• 2009

Retrospecting the past 60 years of interactions between the executive and the legislature in Korea, it is found that the Korean National Assembly is neither a minimal legislature nor a marginal legislature any more. The symbolic role of the Assembly has acquired a remarkable growth and profound strength and there is no need to worry about institutional viability any further. However, its role as a resolver or manager of social conflicts is still under the dominance of the executive and shows even an indication that it might be worsened. Such incapability of the legislature owed much to the vertical control from the outside especially during the authoritarian regimes, however, nowadays it owes much to the inability of consensus building among the out-bursting controversial and horizontal opinions inside of it. Not sufficient managerial capability required for exercising autonomous decision making power efficiently is a major detrimental factor. It traces back to the inability of party politics and demassifying political leadership. Normalization of party politics is identified as one of the essential prerequisites for Korean political development in this regard.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.117-128
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose a process for deriving priority tasks using the legal design technique in a situation where there is high uncertainty in the market and legal system regarding the commercialization of security tokens based on blockchain and distributed ledger technology. To issue and distribute securities tokens, we conducted a legal design workshop with participants who applied for innovative financial services (financial regulatory sandbox). During the workshop, participants harmonized their interests and deliberated on readiness, considering both legal and technical factors. The aim was to ascertain the feasibility of identifying prioritized objectives for future endeavors. The legal design technique facilitates consensus-building among stakeholders in an uncertain environment by confirming and adjusting differing perspectives and disagreements based on mutual understanding. The key stages include the empathetic process called "Family Therapy," the "N whys" for problem definition, and the speculative scenario design for problem-solving. This approach distinguishes itself from user-centered design thinking. Given the diverse stakeholders involved, effective facilitation by the facilitator is crucial during the legal design workshop preparation and execution.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.157-168
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify types of perceptions regarding the activation of physical activities for individuals living in disability residential facilities using Q methodology and to derive implications based on these findings. To achieve this, an open-ended survey was first conducted with prior research, field experts, and specialists in adapted physical education to create a total of 25 Q statements. Subsequently, a Q sorting was conducted with 22 facility staff members, and the results were analyzed using the PQ Method 2.3.5 program. The analysis revealed three types: government support, expansion of disability sports facilities, and consensus building. It was confirmed that expanding physical facilities that actively support participation in physical activities through government support and improving societal perceptions of disability sports activities are crucial for enhancing physical activities in disability residential facilities. These research results provide a basis for policy documents and direction setting for future activation of physical activities in disability welfare facilities.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2017

Securing fire safety using only fire-fighting facilities is difficult because causes of modern fire vary, such as architectural structures and building use patterns. In order for fire safety to be guaranteed by enacting and revising fire regulations reflecting the fire hazard characteristics and user's characteristics, the introduction of fire influence evaluation (fire risk assessment) system needs to be considered in a timely manner to be adopted but unfortunately two attempts before have failed. In this study, a fire case of urban lifestyle housing was surveyed to introduce a fire influence evaluation system and a field survey on the actual condition of the 414 urban lifestyle housing buildings and fire & evacuation simulation results of one representative building in Suyoung-gu and Nam-gu District of Busan Metropolitan City were analyzed. The necessity, procedures and implementation method of fire influence evaluation system were questioned and tested by the professional fire experts, fire officers and firefighters and architects. On the basis of these facts, introduction of (fire influence evaluation system) should be absolutely adopted and the fire department and fire regulation are eligible to implement the system. Therefore, fire regulation needs to be enacted or revised in accordance with the new fire environment and fire safety system that needs to be built up. Accordingly, aggressive promotion through public hearings on the necessity of fire impact assessments, consensus among departments and fostering experts to carry out fire influence evaluation system will be the core.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.24
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• pp.67-90
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• 2010

Today, the police alone can not prevent a crime. And the police is limited to meet for people's the increased needs on public safety. So the police and the community needs the cooperation of a variety of resources. Police in cooperation with community resources to respond to the crime's most professional and the private sector is a private security. However, the role of private security for cooperation policing is insufficient in South Korea. So for this study to build a cooperative policing in South Korea as private security for the following four kinds of directions are presented. First, as a private security of the United States and Japan, specializes in diversified business sectors. Simple human-oriented private security of the building security get out. Instead, take the high-tech crime prevention or industry complex security should be changed to a professional organization. Second, the interaction between police and private security should be increased. Police and private security through regular meetings between the need for mutual interests and build consensus is needed. The role of private security companies to be represented on the Security Association of South Korea's active role in the matter. Third, efforts to improve the image of private security activities and the publiciy activity of private security is needed. Some of the private security in an effort to escape a negative image to the people and actively promote a positive image is necessary. Finally, for South Korea to the level the cooperation between the police and private security are required to develop system models. Front-line policing priority in the field and the mutual understanding between the police and private security in an effort to have a positive perception is needed. Equal partners, especially the police and private security to private security companies to have recognized experts in their own recruitment and training should be improved by strengthening the expertise.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.175-190
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• 2011

Objectives: Even though there has been no consensus on the concept of viscera organ between the oriental and western medicine, we tried to investigate the correlation between clinical biomarkers of five Jang and chronological age and develop the models for predicting five Jang biological ages by statistical analysis. Methods: We obtained data from about 120,000 subjects who visited health promotion centers for health promotion and disease prevention from January 2004 to June 2009. Participants were included if they were over 20 years old, and excluded if reported to have cardiovascular disease or other serious medical illness such as cancer, malignant hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes, cardiopulmonary insufficiency, liver disease, pancreatic disease or renal disease. Among the clinical biomarkers obtained, we selected the biomarkers which were associated with the function of 5 Jang in previous studies, or showed statistically significant correlation with age. Multiple regression models were used for building prediction models of biological age after adjusting for potential confounders for men and women, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to examine the linear relationship between age and various biomarkers, and multiple regression analysis was used for building the prediction models of five Jang biological ages for men and women, respectively. All statistical data analysis was performed by using SPSS Version 12.0 software and statistical significance was obtained if p<0.05. Results: For males, the best models were developed using 12, 2, 8, 3, and 4 biomarkers for predicting biological ages of heart, lung, liver, pancreas, and kidney, respectively (R2 = 0.57, 0.43, 0.11, 0.24, and 0.93, respectively). Similar to males, for the females, 10, 2, 8, 3, and 4 biomarkers were selected as the models respectively (R2 = 0.76, 0.44, 0.14, 0.38, and 0.89, respectively). Conclusions: As we have developed for the first time the models for predicting five Jang biological ages with common clinical biomarkers, it is expected that these models may be used as clinical supplementary tools in the evaluation of aging status and functional decline of five Jang according to age in health promotion centers and private clinics. At the same time, it is considered that the use as objective tools to evaluate aging status and functional decline of each Jang.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2004

This paper aims to identify the role of local governments in building regional innovation system. The central government has recently decided to support the promotion of innovation capacities of local innovators and innovation networks among thor The central government forces local governments to establish the council for regional innovation in order to implement these goals. Meanwhile, there is no consensus about the way in which the council for regional innovations constitute and operate. I think it is the time for us to talk about this seriously. It is widely conceived that local governments in Korea have still been hierarchical. Thus, they would be difficult to make the decision effectively on regional innovation and development initiatives. In this context, I suggest that the regional innovation promoting agency needs to take authorities to secure transparency and autonomy in planning, implementing, evaluating regional innovation initiatives. The local government no! ed to play a central role in establishing the agency. However, the local government should not try to intervene and control its operations.